Fungi in Sustainable Applications and the Circular Economy: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Academician Yu Li

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2025 | Viewed by 963

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
2. International Joint Research Center for the Creation of New Edible Mushroom Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
Interests: industrialization of mushrooms; fungal taxonomy; chemical composition; fungal physiology; fermentation engineering; mushroom breeding; high-throughput sequencing

Special Issue Information

 Dear Colleagues,

The academic Yu Li, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Professor at Jilin Agricultural University, is a mycologist, plant pathologist, and National Poverty Alleviation Model. He was the first Chinese scientist to formally name a new myxomycete species. Over 30 years, he has made major breakthroughs in mycological research and edible mushroom industrialization. His honors include First Prize in the National Science and Technology Progress Award, Second Prize in the National Natural Science Award, and Second Prize in the National Teaching Achievement Award. In 2021, he was named a "Food Hero" by the FAO China Office. He founded mycology as a secondary discipline and established China's first undergraduate program in Mycological Science and Engineering, creating the nation's only comprehensive system offering education in mycology from vocational training to postdoctoral studies. Through decades of persistent efforts, Professor Li has combined "basic research, technological development, industrial applications, and global poverty alleviation" in a cohesive framework. His work has not only set Chinese benchmarks in mycological taxonomy but also revolutionized the use of edible mushrooms.

Yu Li is the scientist who first proposed the concept of the cyclic production of plants, animals, and fungi. Cyclic production represents an advanced agricultural production system that integrates synergistic interactions among animal husbandry, plant cultivation, and mushroom production within a closed-loop ecological framework. Meanwhile, developing economically viable, scalable, and sustainable technologies for the conversion of waste to value-added by-products (food, fuels, and materials) is widely seen as central in the global economy and a key part of a multi-pronged approach to achieving carbon neutrality.

Growing research evidence has indicated that the combined production of biofuels/materials and high amounts of fungal protein could represent an effective and environmentally friendly alternative strategy. While the fungal protein industry and its derivatives (edible oil, medicine, and materials) are greatly contributing to global economic growth in the short term, the selection of fungal species and feedstocks remains a key focus. The main topics for this Special Issue are as follows: (1) fungal protein or edible mushroom production from biomass, (2) fungal materials, (3) bioethanol and methane production from fungal pretreated biomass, and (4) spent mushroom substrate applications.

Prof. Dr. Changtian Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fungal resources
  • breeding
  • biofuels
  • biomass
  • spent mushroom substrate
  • fungal materials
  • environmental analysis
  • fungal protein
  • edible mushrooms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7800 KiB  
Article
Revolutionizing Eco-Friendly Leather Production: A Freeze-Thaw and Liquid Fermentation Approach with Fungal Mycelium
by Linxin Song, Yuxin Liu, Shijun Xiao, Xiaohui Yuan and Xuerong Han
J. Fungi 2025, 11(4), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040326 - 19 Apr 2025
Viewed by 322
Abstract
The environmental impact and resource demands of traditional leather manufacturing have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Fungal mycelium leather, recognised for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has emerged as a promising option. This study established a cyclic freeze-thaw dehydration protocol for preparing [...] Read more.
The environmental impact and resource demands of traditional leather manufacturing have driven the search for sustainable alternatives. Fungal mycelium leather, recognised for its eco-friendly and renewable characteristics, has emerged as a promising option. This study established a cyclic freeze-thaw dehydration protocol for preparing mycelial leather using Ganoderma mycelium produced through liquid fermentation. By precisely controlling the fermentation parameters (pH 5.5, 150 rpm agitation, 28 °C), the liquid fermentation process ensures uniform mycelial growth, which is critical for subsequent structural enhancement during freeze-thaw cycles. After three freeze-thaw cycles were performed at −15 °C, uniformly distributed ice crystals facilitated effective water removal, achieving a minimum moisture content of 47.6%. The optimized freeze-thaw process produced membranes with a tensile strength of 6.22 MPa and elongation at break of 18.92%, demonstrating high mechanical performance. The freeze-thaw process was demonstrated to enhance structural integrity and mechanical properties while offering reduced energy consumption compared to conventional dehydration methods. This research provides a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for optimising fungal mycelium leather production and contributes to the development of sustainable bio-based materials for industrial applications. Full article
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14 pages, 3882 KiB  
Article
Upcycling Chitin Waste and Aged Rice into Fungi Protein Through Fermentation with Cordyceps militaris
by Ao Guo, Chunlin Hui, Yongsheng Ma, Xueru Zhang, Lingling Zhang, Shuai Xu and Changtian Li
J. Fungi 2025, 11(4), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040315 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 443
Abstract
Microbial protein represents a sustainable alternative to conventional animal protein, yet optimizing substrates for fungal cultivation remains critical. This study demonstrates the successful upcycling of chitin waste and aged rice into fungal protein through fermentation with Cordyceps militaris. Substrate formulations (0–20% chitin [...] Read more.
Microbial protein represents a sustainable alternative to conventional animal protein, yet optimizing substrates for fungal cultivation remains critical. This study demonstrates the successful upcycling of chitin waste and aged rice into fungal protein through fermentation with Cordyceps militaris. Substrate formulations (0–20% chitin waste mixed with aged rice) were evaluated for their effects on fungal growth, yield, and metabolite profiles. Results revealed that aged rice alone supported fruiting body yields comparable to fresh rice (9.8 g vs. 9.8 g), with no significant differences in the morphology or growth rate. The addition of 5% chitin waste led to a 17% improvement in yield compared to the control, increasing the average fresh weight of fruiting bodies from 9.8 g to 11.5 g per bottle, while higher chitin levels (20%, T4) suppressed mycelial growth entirely. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed chitin’s structural complexity and nitrogen-rich composition, which slowed the substrate utilization but enriched secondary metabolites. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified 1025 metabolites, including up-regulated bioactive compounds (e.g., cordycepin and piplartine) in chitin-amended substrates, linked to amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of toxins, validating the substrates’ suitability for food applications. These findings highlight chitin waste (≤5%) as a viable nitrogen supplement to aged rice, improving the fungal protein yield and bioactive compound synthesis. This approach advances sustainable biomass valorization, offering a scalable strategy to reduce agricultural waste while producing nutrient-dense fungal protein. Full article
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