Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (82)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = wet electrospinning

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
33 pages, 4132 KiB  
Review
Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Fibers and Fibrous Mats: A Comprehensive Review
by Ehsan Niknejad, Reza Jafari and Naser Valipour Motlagh
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3276; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153276 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable materials has led to increased interest in biodegradable polymer fibers and nonwoven mats due to their eco-friendly characteristics and potential to reduce plastic pollution. This review highlights how mechanical properties influence the performance and suitability of biodegradable polymer [...] Read more.
The growing demand for sustainable materials has led to increased interest in biodegradable polymer fibers and nonwoven mats due to their eco-friendly characteristics and potential to reduce plastic pollution. This review highlights how mechanical properties influence the performance and suitability of biodegradable polymer fibers across diverse applications. This covers synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as natural polymers including chitosan, collagen, cellulose, alginate, silk fibroin, and starch-based polymers. A range of fiber production methods is discussed, including electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, spunbonding, melt blowing, melt spinning, and wet spinning, with attention to how each technique influences tensile strength, elongation, and modulus. The review also addresses advances in composite fibers, nanoparticle incorporation, crosslinking methods, and post-processing strategies that improve mechanical behavior. In addition, mechanical testing techniques such as tensile test machine, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis are examined to show how fabrication parameters influence fiber performance. This review examines the mechanical performance of biodegradable polymer fibers and fibrous mats, emphasizing their potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional materials in applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, medical implants, wound dressings, packaging, and filtration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Chemistry)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1673 KiB  
Article
Drying and Film Formation Processes of Graphene Oxide Suspension on Nonwoven Fibrous Membranes with Varying Wettability
by Zeman Liu, Jiaxing Fan, Jian Xue and Fei Guo
Surfaces 2025, 8(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/surfaces8020039 - 18 Jun 2025
Viewed by 479
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) films have attracted significant attention due to their potential in separation and filtration applications. Based on their unique lamellar structure and ultrathin nature, GO films are difficult to maintain in a free-standing form and typically require substrate support. Consequently, understanding [...] Read more.
Graphene oxide (GO) films have attracted significant attention due to their potential in separation and filtration applications. Based on their unique lamellar structure and ultrathin nature, GO films are difficult to maintain in a free-standing form and typically require substrate support. Consequently, understanding their film formation behavior and mechanisms on substrates is of paramount importance. This work employs commonly used nonwoven fibrous membranes as substrates and guided by the coffee-ring theory, systematically investigates the film formation behaviors, film morphology, and underlying mechanisms of GO films on fibrous membranes with varying wettability. Fibrous membranes with different wetting properties—hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic—were prepared via electrospinning and initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) surface modification techniques. The spreading behaviors, deposition dynamics, capillary effects, and evaporation-induced film formation mechanisms of GO suspensions on these substrates were thoroughly examined. The results showed that GO formed belt-like, ring-like, and circular patterns on the three fibrous membranes, respectively. GO films encapsulated more than the upper half, approximately the upper half, and the top portion of fibers, respectively. Pronounced wrinkling of GO films was observed except for those on the hydrophilic fibrous membrane. This work demonstrates that tuning the wettability of fibrous substrates enables precise control over GO film morphology, including fiber encapsulation, wrinkling, and coverage area. Furthermore, it deepens the understanding of the interactions between 1D nanofibers and 2D GO sheets at low-dimensional scales, laying a foundational basis for the optimized design of membrane engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Engineering of Thin Films)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

34 pages, 8692 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Polyphenylene Sulfide-Based Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Lianlu Wan, Haitao Zhou, Haiyun Zhou, Jie Gu, Chen Wang, Quan Liao, Hongquan Gao, Jianchun Wu and Xiangdong Huo
Polymers 2025, 17(9), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091237 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 822
Abstract
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)-based separators have garnered significant attention as high-performance components for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by their exceptional thermal stability (>260 °C), chemical inertness, and mechanical durability. This review comprehensively examines advances in PPS separator design, focusing on two structurally distinct [...] Read more.
Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)-based separators have garnered significant attention as high-performance components for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by their exceptional thermal stability (>260 °C), chemical inertness, and mechanical durability. This review comprehensively examines advances in PPS separator design, focusing on two structurally distinct categories: porous separators engineered via wet-chemical methods (e.g., melt-blown spinning, electrospinning, thermally induced phase separation) and nonporous solid-state separators fabricated through solvent-free dry-film processes. Porous variants, typified by submicron pore architectures (<1 μm), enable electrolyte-mediated ion transport with ionic conductivities up to >1 mS·cm−1 at >55% porosity, while their nonporous counterparts leverage crystalline sulfur-atom alignment and trace electrolyte infiltration to establish solid–liquid biphasic conduction pathways, achieving ion transference numbers >0.8 and homogenized lithium flux. Dry-processed solid-state PPS separators demonstrate unparalleled thermal dimensional stability (<2% shrinkage at 280 °C) and mitigate dendrite propagation through uniform electric field distribution, as evidenced by COMSOL simulations showing stable Li deposition under Cu particle contamination. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in reconciling thickness constraints (<25 μm) with mechanical robustness, scaling solvent-free manufacturing, and reducing costs. Innovations in ultra-thin formats (<20 μm) with self-healing polymer networks, coupled with compatibility extensions to sodium/zinc-ion systems, are identified as critical pathways for advancing PPS separators. By addressing these challenges, PPS-based architectures hold transformative potential for enabling high-energy-density (>500 Wh·kg−1), intrinsically safe energy storage systems, particularly in applications demanding extreme operational reliability such as electric vehicles and grid-scale storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 8173 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Fabrication of Ginger-Waste-Derived Ionic Liquid Electrospun Films: An Efficient Preparation Strategy with Enhanced Antibacterial Functionality
by Xingran Kou, Kangning Ma, Xin Huang, Hui Wang and Qinfei Ke
Foods 2025, 14(6), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14061058 - 20 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 516
Abstract
In the process of ginger deep processing, a lot of waste is generated which is rich in biopolymers and active ingredients such as cellulose, starch, gingerol, and gingerol, but its low utilization rate leads to waste of resources. In this study, ginger waste [...] Read more.
In the process of ginger deep processing, a lot of waste is generated which is rich in biopolymers and active ingredients such as cellulose, starch, gingerol, and gingerol, but its low utilization rate leads to waste of resources. In this study, ginger waste residue, cellulose, and bioactive substances were spun into fiber materials by wet electrospinning technology with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole acetate ([Bmim]Ac) as solvent. Fiber plasticization and [Bmim]Ac removal were achieved by dynamic deionized water coagulation bath. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile strength analysis showed that the obtained GC-1 and GC-2 films have a non-uniform diameter, with a clear fiber structure and strong tensile strength. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that cellulose transforms from type I to type II crystal structure, and [Bmim]Ac is effectively removed. The inhibition rate of 6-Shogaol-impregnated GC film against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 99%. The experiment of strawberry preservation verified the potential of GC film in food preservation. In this study, the high-value utilization of ginger waste in food packaging was realized by preparing antibacterial electrospun fiber films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Packaging and Preservation)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 4358 KiB  
Article
Biocontrol Potential of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Fibers Functionalized with Chitooligosaccharide/Bacillus subtilis Using Electrospinning and Electrospraying
by Nikoleta Stoyanova, Nasko Nachev, Mladen Naydenov, Iliyana Valcheva, Mariya Spasova and Olya Stoilova
Polymers 2025, 17(5), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050692 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 931
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture increasingly relies on biocontrol agents as eco-friendly solutions to combat plant diseases while improving soil health. In this context, species of the genus Bacillus, particularly Bacillus subtilis, have shown promise as effective biocontrol agents for plant diseases. This study [...] Read more.
Sustainable agriculture increasingly relies on biocontrol agents as eco-friendly solutions to combat plant diseases while improving soil health. In this context, species of the genus Bacillus, particularly Bacillus subtilis, have shown promise as effective biocontrol agents for plant diseases. This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of biohybrid materials by decorating electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers with electrosprayed chitooligosaccharide (COS) and Bacillus subtilis using simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying. During electrospraying, COS formed a uniform film over the PHB fibers, serving as both an adhesive and a protective coating that maintained the viability and functionality of the embedded bacteria. SEM confirmed that bacterial spores were uniformly spread across the COS-coated biopolymer fibers. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy verified the successful deposition of COS on the fibers, while mechanical assay demonstrated enhancement in mechanical characteristics after the COS film formation on the PHB fibers compared to uncoated PHB. In addition, COS improved the wetting properties of the fibrous PHB material, creating a favorable environment for bacterial growth and development. Microbiological tests showed that the embedded B. subtilis remained viable and proliferated normally after 48 h under suitable conditions at 28 °C on agar medium. Furthermore, the biohybrid COS/B. subtilis-on-PHB materials also effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic fungi, including species of Alternaria and Fusarium. These findings highlight the potential of dual electrospinning/electrospraying techniques for the fabrication of eco-friendly biocontrol formulations. The integration of COS coatings with B. subtilis provides a promising approach for sustainable agriculture by combining enhanced material properties with effective antifungal activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Electrospun Nanofibers)
Show Figures

Figure 1

37 pages, 15018 KiB  
Review
Graphene-Based Fiber Materials for Gas Sensing Applications: State of the Art Review
by Susanna Vu, Mohamed Siaj and Ricardo Izquierdo
Materials 2024, 17(23), 5825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235825 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1460
Abstract
The importance of gas sensors is apparent as the detection of gases and pollutants is crucial for environmental monitoring and human safety. Gas sensing devices also hold the potential for medical applications as health monitoring and disease diagnostic tools. Gas sensors fabricated from [...] Read more.
The importance of gas sensors is apparent as the detection of gases and pollutants is crucial for environmental monitoring and human safety. Gas sensing devices also hold the potential for medical applications as health monitoring and disease diagnostic tools. Gas sensors fabricated from graphene-based fibers present a promising advancement in the field of sensing technology due to their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. The diverse chemical and mechanical properties of graphene-based fibers—such as high surface area, flexibility, and structural stability—establish them as ideal gas-sensing materials. Most significantly, graphene fibers can be readily tuned to detect a wide range of gases, making them highly versatile in gas-sensing technologies. This review focuses on graphene-based composite fibers for gas sensors, with an emphasis on the preparation processes used to achieve these fibers and the gas sensing mechanisms involved in their sensors. Graphene fiber gas sensors are presented based on the chemical composition of their target gases, with detailed discussions on their sensitivity and performance. This review reveals that graphene-based fibers can be prepared through various methods and can be effectively integrated into gas-sensing devices for a diverse range of applications. By presenting an overview of developments in this field over the past decade, this review highlights the potential of graphene-based fiber sensors and their prospective integration into future technologies. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 2735 KiB  
Review
Challenges Associated with the Production of Nanofibers
by Lebo Maduna and Asis Patnaik
Processes 2024, 12(10), 2100; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12102100 - 27 Sep 2024
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3634
Abstract
Nanofibers, with their high surface area-to-volume ratio and unique physical properties, hold significant promise for a wide range of applications, including medical devices, filtration systems, packaging, electronics, and advanced textiles. However, their development and commercialization are hindered by several key challenges and hazards. [...] Read more.
Nanofibers, with their high surface area-to-volume ratio and unique physical properties, hold significant promise for a wide range of applications, including medical devices, filtration systems, packaging, electronics, and advanced textiles. However, their development and commercialization are hindered by several key challenges and hazards. The main issues are production cost and yield, high voltage, clogging, and toxic materials driven by complex production techniques, which limit their adoption. Additionally, there are environmental and health concerns associated with nanofiber production and disposal, necessitating the development of safer and more sustainable processes and materials. Addressing these challenges requires continued innovation in materials science and industrial practices, as well as a concerted effort to balance production, material, and surrounding condition parameters. This study emphasizes the challenges and hazards associated with nanofiber materials and their production techniques, including electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, solution blow spinning, electro-blown spinning, wet spinning, and melt spinning. It also emphasizes biopolymers and recycling as sustainable and eco-friendly practices to avoid harming the environment and human beings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Processes)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 31525 KiB  
Article
A Spironolactone-Based Prototype of an Innovative Biomedical Patch for Wound Dressing Applications
by Giovanna Aquino, Gianluca Viscusi, Massimo Christian D’Alterio, Verdiana Covelli, Giuliana Gorrasi, Claudio Pellecchia, Paola Rizzo, Anna Maria D’Ursi, Giacomo Pepe, Chiara Amante, Pasquale Del Gaudio and Manuela Rodriquez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9608; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179608 - 5 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1300
Abstract
The electrospinning process is an effective technique for creating micro- and nanofibers from synthetic and natural polymers, with significant potential for biomedical applications and drug delivery systems due to their high drug-loading capacity, large surface area, and tunable release times. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) [...] Read more.
The electrospinning process is an effective technique for creating micro- and nanofibers from synthetic and natural polymers, with significant potential for biomedical applications and drug delivery systems due to their high drug-loading capacity, large surface area, and tunable release times. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) stands out for its excellent thermo-mechanical properties, biodegradability, and bioabsorbability. Electrospun PLLA nanofibrous structures have been extensively investigated as wound dressings, sutures, drug delivery carriers, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This study aims to create and characterize electrospun PLLA membranes loaded with spironolactone (SP), mimicking active compounds of Ganoderma lucidum (GL), to develop a biodegradable patch for topical wound-healing applications. GL, a medicinal mushroom, enhances dermal wound healing with its bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and ganoderic acids. Focusing on GL extracts—obtained through green extraction methods—and innovative drug delivery, we created new fibers for wound-healing potential applications. To integrate complex mixtures of bioactive compounds into the fibers, we developed a prototype using a single pure substance representing the extract mixture. This painstaking work presents the results of the fabricating, wetting, moisture properties, material resilience, and full characterization of the product, providing a robust rationale for the fabrication of fibers imbued with more complex extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 16094 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of Polycaprolactone–Baghdadite Nanofibers by Electrospinning Method for Tissue Engineering Applications
by Mir Reza Forogh, Rahmatollah Emadi, Mehdi Ahmadian and Abdollah Saboori
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174187 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1142
Abstract
This work investigates the essential constituents, production methods, and properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and Baghdadite fibrous scaffolds. In this research, electrospinning was used to produce fiber ropes. In this study, the Baghdadite powder was synthesized using the sol–gel method and incorporated into PCL’s [...] Read more.
This work investigates the essential constituents, production methods, and properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) and Baghdadite fibrous scaffolds. In this research, electrospinning was used to produce fiber ropes. In this study, the Baghdadite powder was synthesized using the sol–gel method and incorporated into PCL’s polymeric matrix in formic acid and acetic acid solvents. The present work examined PCL–Baghdadite fibrous scaffolds at 1%, 3%, and 5 wt% for morphology, fiber diameter size, hydrophilicity, porosity, mechanical properties, degradability, and bioactivity. The introduction of Baghdadite nanopowder into pure PCL scaffolds reduced fiber diameter. The wetting angle decreased when Baghdadite nanopowder was added to fibrous scaffolds. Pure PCL reduced the wetting angle from 93.20° to 70.53°. Fibrous PCL scaffolds with Baghdadite nanopowder have better mechanical characteristics. The tensile strength of pure PCL fibers was determined at 2.08 ± 0.2 MPa, which was enhanced by up to 3 wt% by adding Baghdadite nanopowder. Fiber elasticity increased with tensile strength. Baghdadite at a 5% weight percentage reduced failure strain percentage. Fibers with more Baghdadite nanopowder biodegrade faster. Adding Baghdadite ceramic nanoparticles resulted in increased bioactivity and caused scaffolds to generate hydroxyapatite. The results show that Baghdadite PCL-3 wt% fibers have promising shape, diameter, and mechanical qualities. After 24 h, L-929 fibroblast cell viability was greater in the scaffold with 3% Baghdadite weight compared to the pure PCL. PCL-3 wt% Baghdadite fibers generated hydroxyapatite on the surface and degraded well. Based on the above findings, PCL fibers having 3 wt% of Baghdadite are the best sample for tissue engineering applications that heal flaws. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5225 KiB  
Article
Electrospinning and Partial Etching Behaviors of Core–Shell Nanofibers Directly Electrospun on Mesh Substrates for Application in a Cover-Free Compact Air Filter
by Yujung Lee, Seungwoo Jung and Ji Sun Yun
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(13), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131152 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1306
Abstract
The exposure of workers to propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) in manufacturing environments can result in potential health risks. Therefore, systems for PGMEA removal are required for indoor air quality control. In this study, core–shell zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5)/polyvinylpyrrolidone–polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers were [...] Read more.
The exposure of workers to propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) in manufacturing environments can result in potential health risks. Therefore, systems for PGMEA removal are required for indoor air quality control. In this study, core–shell zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5)/polyvinylpyrrolidone–polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers were directly electrospun and partially wet-etched on a mesh substrate to develop a cover-free compact PGMEA air filter. The electrospinning behaviors of the core–shell nanofibers were investigated to optimize the electrospinning time and humidity and to enable the manufacture of thin and light air-filter layers. The partial wet etching of the nanofibers was undertaken using different etching solvents and times to ensure the exposure of the active sites of ZSM-5. The performances of the ZSM-5/PVDF nanofiber air filters were assessed by measuring five consecutive PGMEA adsorption–desorption cycles at different desorption temperatures. The synthesized material remained stable upon repeated adsorption–desorption cycles and could be regenerated at a low desorption temperature (80 °C), demonstrating a consistent adsorption performance upon prolonged adsorption–desorption cycling and low energy consumption during regeneration. The results of this study provide new insights into the design of industrial air filters using functional ceramic/polymer nanofibers and the application of these filters. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6495 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Potential and Biocompatibility of Chitosan/Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Membranes Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles
by Viktoriia Korniienko, Yevgeniia Husak, Kateryna Diedkova, Yuliia Varava, Vladlens Grebnevs, Oksana Pogorielova, Māris Bērtiņš, Valeriia Korniienko, Baiba Zandersone, Almira Ramanaviciene, Arunas Ramanavicius and Maksym Pogorielov
Polymers 2024, 16(12), 1729; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16121729 - 18 Jun 2024
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
This study addresses the need for enhanced antimicrobial properties of electrospun membranes, either through surface modifications or the incorporation of antimicrobial agents, which are crucial for improved clinical outcomes. In this context, chitosan—a biopolymer lauded for its biocompatibility and extracellular matrix-mimicking properties—emerges as [...] Read more.
This study addresses the need for enhanced antimicrobial properties of electrospun membranes, either through surface modifications or the incorporation of antimicrobial agents, which are crucial for improved clinical outcomes. In this context, chitosan—a biopolymer lauded for its biocompatibility and extracellular matrix-mimicking properties—emerges as an excellent candidate for tissue regeneration. However, fabricating chitosan nanofibers via electrospinning often challenges the preservation of their structural integrity. This research innovatively develops a chitosan/polycaprolactone (CH/PCL) composite nanofibrous membrane by employing a layer-by-layer electrospinning technique, enhanced with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through a wet chemical process. The antibacterial efficacy, adhesive properties, and cytotoxicity of electrospun chitosan membranes were evaluated, while also analyzing their hydrophilicity and nanofibrous structure using SEM. The resulting CH/PCL-AgNPs composite membranes retain a porous framework, achieve balanced hydrophilicity, display commendable biocompatibility, and exert broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with their efficacy correlating to the AgNP concentration. Furthermore, our data suggest that the antimicrobial efficiency of these membranes is influenced by the timed release of silver ions during the incubation period. Membranes incorporated starting with AgNPs at a concentration of 50 µg/mL effectively suppressed the growth of both microorganisms during the early stages up to 8 h of incubation. These insights underscore the potential of the developed electrospun composite membranes, with their superior antibacterial qualities, to serve as innovative solutions in the field of tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Inspired Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2779 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of a Triple-Layer Bionic Vascular Scaffold via Hybrid Electrospinning
by Feier Ma, Xiaojing Huang and Yan Wang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(6), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060140 - 23 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to develop bionic scaffolds as alternatives to autologous vascular grafts due to their limited availability. This study introduces a novel wet-electrospinning fabrication technique to create small-diameter, uniformly aligned tubular scaffolds. By combining this innovative method with conventional electrospinning, a bionic [...] Read more.
Tissue engineering aims to develop bionic scaffolds as alternatives to autologous vascular grafts due to their limited availability. This study introduces a novel wet-electrospinning fabrication technique to create small-diameter, uniformly aligned tubular scaffolds. By combining this innovative method with conventional electrospinning, a bionic tri-layer scaffold that mimics the zonal structure of vascular tissues is produced. The inner and outer layers consist of PCL/Gelatin and PCL/PLGA fibers, respectively, while the middle layer is crafted using PCL through Wet Vertical Magnetic Rod Electrospinning (WVMRE). The scaffold’s morphology is analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm its bionic structure. The mechanical properties, degradation profile, wettability, and biocompatibility of the scaffold are also characterized. To enhance hemocompatibility, the scaffold is crosslinked with heparin. The results demonstrate sufficient mechanical properties, good wettability of the inner layer, proper degradability of the inner and middle layers, and overall good biocompatibility. In conclusion, this study successfully develops a small-diameter tri-layer tubular scaffold that meets the required specifications. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 13912 KiB  
Article
Gelatin Enhances the Wet Mechanical Properties of Poly(D,L-Lactic Acid) Membranes
by Deuk Yong Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 5022; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25095022 - 4 May 2024
Viewed by 1774
Abstract
Biodegradable (BP) poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) membranes are widely used in tissue engineering. Here, we investigate the effects of varying concentrations of PDLLA/gelatin membranes electrospun in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP; C3H2F6O) solvent on their mechanical and physical properties as well [...] Read more.
Biodegradable (BP) poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) membranes are widely used in tissue engineering. Here, we investigate the effects of varying concentrations of PDLLA/gelatin membranes electrospun in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP; C3H2F6O) solvent on their mechanical and physical properties as well as their biocompatibility. Regardless of the environmental conditions, increasing the gelatin content resulted in elevated stress and reduced strain at membrane failure. There was a remarkable difference in strain-to-failure between dry and wet PDLLA/gelatin membranes, with wet strains consistently higher than those of the dry membranes because of the hydrophilic nature of gelatin. A similar wet strain (εw = 2.7–3.0) was observed in PDLLA/gelatin membranes with a gelatin content between 10 and 40%. Both dry and wet stresses increased with increasing gelatin content. The dry stress on PDLLA/gelatin membranes (σd = 6.7–9.7 MPa) consistently exceeded the wet stress (σw = 4.5–8.6 MPa). The water uptake capacity (WUC) improved, increasing from 57% to 624% with the addition of 40% gelatin to PDLLA. PDLLA/gelatin hybrid membranes containing 10 to 20 wt% gelatin exhibited favorable wet mechanical properties (σw = 5.4–6.3 MPa; εw = 2.9–3.0); WUC (337–571%), degradability (11.4–20.2%), and excellent biocompatibility. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 9147 KiB  
Article
Influence of Hybrid Surface Modification on Biocompatibility and Physicochemical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium
by Anna Woźniak, Weronika Smok, Janusz Szewczenko, Marcin Staszuk and Grzegorz Chladek
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030052 - 20 Feb 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3100
Abstract
Titanium-based materials are the most widely used materials in biomedical applications. However, according to literature findings, the degradation products of titanium have been associated with potential allergic reactions, inflammation, and bone resorption. The corrosion process of Ti-6Al-4V in the human body environment may [...] Read more.
Titanium-based materials are the most widely used materials in biomedical applications. However, according to literature findings, the degradation products of titanium have been associated with potential allergic reactions, inflammation, and bone resorption. The corrosion process of Ti-6Al-4V in the human body environment may be exacerbated by factors such as reduced pH levels and elevated concentrations of chloride compounds. Coatings made of biopolymers are gaining attention as they offer numerous advantages for enhancing implant functionality, including improved biocompatibility, bioactivity, wettability, drug release, and antibacterial activity. This study analyzes the physicochemical and electrochemical behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy subjected to PCL and PCL/TiO2 deposition by the electrospinning method. To characterize the polymer-based layer, tests of chemical and phase composition, as well as surface morphology investigations, were performed. Wetting angle tests were conducted as part of assessing the physicochemical properties. The samples were subjected to corrosion behavior analysis, which included open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic tests, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Additionally, the quantification of released ions post the potentiodynamic test was carried out using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) method. Cytotoxicity tests were also performed. It was found that surface modification by depositing a polymer-based layer on the titanium substrate material using the electrospinning method provides improved corrosion behavior, and the samples exhibit non-toxic properties. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 4630 KiB  
Article
The Investigation of the Production of Salt-Added Polyethylene Oxide/Chitosan Nanofibers
by Sandra Varnaitė-Žuravliova, Natalja Savest, Julija Baltušnikaitė-Guzaitienė, Aušra Abraitienė and Andres Krumme
Materials 2024, 17(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010132 - 27 Dec 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
The influence of different concentrations of salt-added polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the spinnability of chitosan (CS)/PEO + NaCl blends that could be used as a component part of filters for water treatment or nanofiber membranes as well as for medical applications was investigated [...] Read more.
The influence of different concentrations of salt-added polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the spinnability of chitosan (CS)/PEO + NaCl blends that could be used as a component part of filters for water treatment or nanofiber membranes as well as for medical applications was investigated in this study. The morphological properties of manufactured nanofibers were analyzed as well. It was determined that an increase of PEO concentration resulted mostly in thin and round nanofibers formed during electrospinning, but the manufacturing process became complex, because many wet fibers reached the collector while spinning. Also, it was noticed that the salt was not dissolved completely in the polymer solutions and some crystals were seen in the SEM images of manufactured fiber mats. However, the addition of salt resulted in lower viscosity and better conductivity of solution and fiber mats as well. The opposite effect was observed as the concentration of PEO was increased. The orientation of produced nanofibers as well as their diameter were analyzed with commercially available software. It was determined that the results obtained by software and microscopically are repeatable. The difference among the results of diameter calculated with software and taken by microscope varied from 0% to approximately 12%. The FTIR analyses indicated that alterations in polymer concentrations or the addition of salt did not induce any discernible changes in the chemical composition or nature of the materials under investigation. The sodium chloride present in the solutions enhanced electrical properties and increased conductivity values more than 50 times for PEO solutions and six times for CS/PEO blend solutions, compared to conductivity values of solutions without salt. To assess the thermal characteristics of the PEO/CS blend nanofibers, measurements using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to determine melting (Tm) and crystallization (Tc) temperatures, as well as specific heat capacities were conducted. These parameters were derived from the analysis of endothermic and exothermic peaks observed in the DSC data. It showed that all produced nanofibers were semicrystalline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Composites)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop