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Keywords = vibration dose value

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28 pages, 4782 KB  
Article
Computer Simulation of Whole-Body Vibration in Port Container Handling Machine Operators
by Ricardo Luís Alves Silva, Kleber Gonçalves Alves, José Ângelo Peixoto da Costa, Alvaro Antonio Villa Ochoa, Roberto Nobuyoshi Junior Yamada, Paula Suemy Arruda Michima, Gustavo de Novaes Pires Leite and Álvaro Augusto Soares Lima
Sensors 2025, 25(20), 6346; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206346 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 305
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibrations (WBV) on ergonomics related to static posture during the operation of container handling machines (Portainer). A 3D numerical model of a seated man was developed using modal and harmonic analysis based on the [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibrations (WBV) on ergonomics related to static posture during the operation of container handling machines (Portainer). A 3D numerical model of a seated man was developed using modal and harmonic analysis based on the finite element method (FEM), and implemented on the ANSYS platform to achieve this. Quantitative analyses of whole-body vibrations were carried out in actual workplaces at a port terminal in northeastern Brazil, considering the interaction between the human and the machine. A comparison was made between the real data collected at the operating sites and the values obtained from the developed model. Concerning vibration exposure, the results revealed a critical situation: in 86.2% of cases, the Acceleration of Resulting Normalized Exposure—A(8)—exceeded the alert level, and in 96.6% of cases, the Resulting Vibration Dose Value (VDV) also surpassed this threshold. Similarly, an alert level was exceeded in 97.0% of cases. According to the maximum limits established by Brazilian legislation, the acceleration from normalized exposure did not exceed the limit, while the resulting vibration dose value was surpassed in 20% of cases. The modal analysis results helped identify the critical directions of vibration response, thus supporting the assessment of human exposure effects and the structural performance of the system analyzed. The harmonic analysis showed good agreement between the model and the real acceleration data in the frequency range of 3 to 4 Hz. Full article
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38 pages, 3155 KB  
Article
Analysis of Vibration Comfort and Vibration Energy Distribution in the Child Restraint System-Base Configuration
by Damian Frej
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5309; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195309 - 8 Oct 2025
Viewed by 287
Abstract
This study presents the results of an experimental evaluation of ride comfort for children transported in child restraint systems (CRS) during passages over speed bumps, with particular emphasis on the energy contained in vibrations. The tests were carried out under real operating conditions [...] Read more.
This study presents the results of an experimental evaluation of ride comfort for children transported in child restraint systems (CRS) during passages over speed bumps, with particular emphasis on the energy contained in vibrations. The tests were carried out under real operating conditions using two vehicles with different suspension characteristics and three loading levels corresponding to different stages of child development. Vertical accelerations were recorded at key points of the vehicle–seat system and subsequently analyzed in accordance with ISO 2631-1. Based on the vibration signals, root mean square acceleration (RMS), vibration dose value (VDV), seat effective amplitude transmissibility (SEAT), and root mean quad (RMQ) indices were calculated, enabling not only the assessment of discomfort levels but also the estimation of mechanical energy transmitted through the seat structure. The results showed that, depending on the type of vehicle, bump geometry, and load mass, the vibration energy can be significant and, in many cases, corresponds to levels classified as “severe” or “extreme discomfort.” At the same time, this energy constitutes a potential power source for low-power sensors in “smart seat” systems, such as those monitoring the child’s posture or environmental conditions. The findings highlight the need to consider vibration comfort criteria and the potential for vibration energy harvesting in the design and homologation of CRS, which aligns with the concept of sustainable transport and the development of energy self-sufficient technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B: Energy and Environment)
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22 pages, 4464 KB  
Article
Dynamic Response Analysis of Mountain Tunnel Under Blasting Vibration
by Zhi Chen, Chenglong Wang, Lifei Zheng, Henglin Xiao, Xiaoqing Li and Shuo Cui
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(18), 9973; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15189973 - 11 Sep 2025
Viewed by 406
Abstract
Tunnel drilling and blasting will cause large vibrations in the surrounding rock and structures. This vibration effect weakens the rock, greatly threatening the surrounding rock’s structural integrity and the safety of tunnel construction. Based on an analysis of the status quo of rock [...] Read more.
Tunnel drilling and blasting will cause large vibrations in the surrounding rock and structures. This vibration effect weakens the rock, greatly threatening the surrounding rock’s structural integrity and the safety of tunnel construction. Based on an analysis of the status quo of rock blasting, this study performs on-site monitoring of blasting vibration and examines the characteristics of the vibration velocity in the tunnel’s surrounding rock. A load-time history diagram is used to establish a three-dimensional numerical model of the tunnel to analyze the distribution characteristics of the vibration velocity. The applicability of the model is verified by field monitoring data. The simulation revealed a maximum vertical vibration velocity of 48.6 cm/s near the blast source. The response of the rock mass to the blasting load is analyzed at each key position, and the particle vibration velocity law is studied. On this basis, the corresponding Sadovsky formula is thus derived, which can be used to determine the site coefficient, K, and the attenuation exponent, α (with values ranging from 1.268 at the arch waist to 1.594 at the vault and invert), and to predict the vibration velocity in the far blasting area. The maximum charge dose and safety distance are derived under different control standards based on these data. For a control standard of 15 cm/s and a maximum charge of 20 kg, the required safety distance was determined to be 11.8 m. The findings can contribute to blasting scheme design and enhance the security management of construction sites. Full article
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25 pages, 10727 KB  
Article
Performance of Deltabeam–CLT Composite Floors Under Human-Induced Vibration
by Huifeng Yang, Yushuang Wu, Benkai Shi, Haotian Tao and Haoyu Huang
Buildings 2025, 15(12), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15122074 - 16 Jun 2025
Viewed by 764
Abstract
In this study, the human-induced vibration performance of an innovative Deltabeam–CLT composite floor system was investigated. The Deltabeam–CLT composite floors were modelled using the finite element software package ABAQUS 6.14, the dynamic performance of the composite floors was evaluated, and the simulation results [...] Read more.
In this study, the human-induced vibration performance of an innovative Deltabeam–CLT composite floor system was investigated. The Deltabeam–CLT composite floors were modelled using the finite element software package ABAQUS 6.14, the dynamic performance of the composite floors was evaluated, and the simulation results were benchmarked against prior simulation data in the other literature. In order to investigate the effect of the stiffness of Deltabeam composite steel beams on the vibration performance of Deltabeam–CLT composite floors, the acceleration of the Deltabeam–CLT composite floors under the excitation of a single person walking was measured. As per the acceleration, serviceability factors, namely, response factors (RFs) and vibration dose values (VDVs), were analyzed. The results showed that an increase in the height of Deltabeam composite steel beams can decrease the RF and VDV by 53.7% and 57.7%, respectively. This study also developed an optimization scheme with steel trusses pre-embedded inside Deltabeam composite steel beams. The effects of different truss spacing and rod diameters on the vibration performance of the Deltabeam–CLT composite floors were investigated; the results showed that the RF and VDV of Deltabeam–CLT composite floors can decrease to below 4 and 0.4 m/s−1.75, respectively, with a truss spacing smaller than 200 mm. These findings can significantly enhance the future design of the Deltabeam–CLT composite floor system, improving its serviceability and ensuring better performance in practical applications. Full article
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11 pages, 2038 KB  
Article
EU Vibration Limit Values May Be Too Strict for Evaluating the Effect of Impact Loading on the Lower Back During Horse Riding
by Nerissa A. Smit, Jelte E. Bos, Jaap H. van Dieën and Idsart Kingma
Vibration 2025, 8(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration8020026 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 1008
Abstract
This study evaluated the suitability of the vibration dose value (VDV) and action and limit values from the EU Directive 2002/44/EC in assessing lower back health risks due to repeated shocks using common horse riding as an example. The difference between pelvis- and [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the suitability of the vibration dose value (VDV) and action and limit values from the EU Directive 2002/44/EC in assessing lower back health risks due to repeated shocks using common horse riding as an example. The difference between pelvis- and saddle-based VDV calculations was assessed. VDVs were calculated from accelerations measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs) on the saddle and the rider’s pelvis during walking (30 min) and cantering (10 min). Saddle and pelvis VDVs were similar, 12–31 m/s1.75 for walking and 46–69 m/s1.75 for cantering. Accelerations reached the action value (9.1 m/s1.75) within 03:16 min of walking and 00:08 min of cantering. Accelerations reached the limit value (21 m/s1.75) within 30:00 min or 00:26 min of cantering. Although VDV reached limits quickly, walking and cantering are generally harmless for the lower back. Application of the VDV and associated limits for repeated shocks assessment might need reconsideration. Full article
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14 pages, 1184 KB  
Article
Analysis of the Transport Capabilities of an Energy-Efficient Resonant Vibratory Conveyor of Classical Construction
by Piotr Czubak and Maciej Klemiato
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2500; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102500 - 13 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 485
Abstract
The paper analyzes the transport capabilities of energy-efficient resonant conveyors, with a particular emphasis on their dosing capabilities. They are driven by an additional mass—acting as a resonator—using a relatively small vibrator whose forcing power constitutes about 20% of the force that would [...] Read more.
The paper analyzes the transport capabilities of energy-efficient resonant conveyors, with a particular emphasis on their dosing capabilities. They are driven by an additional mass—acting as a resonator—using a relatively small vibrator whose forcing power constitutes about 20% of the force that would be needed to drive a similar conveyor of classical construction and the same transport capacity, resulting in lower energy demand. These conveyors have been present since the 1950s, but their widespread use occurred with the proliferation of cheap and easily controllable frequency inverters. In the paper, using a relatively simple model that allowed for the determination of amplitude–frequency characteristics and the dependence of transport speed on the forcing frequency, the impact of the resonator mass value on the device’s operation was shown. It was demonstrated that the value of this mass should be similar to the mass of the transporting trough, which increases the durability of the drive as well as the durability of the suspension between the trough and the resonator. A larger resonator mass also positively affects the dosing capabilities of the device and its energy efficiency during the dosing process with frequent transport stops. Full article
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20 pages, 16629 KB  
Article
Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Dissolution of Orally Disintegrating Films Based on Polysaccharides: The Case of Acetaminophen
by Carolina Caicedo, Natalia Ramírez Giraldo, Leidy Portilla, Laura Saldaña, Giovanni González-Pérez and Abril Fonseca García
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4084; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084084 - 8 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
Due to advances in edible films based on polysaccharides that can carry an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), these films now provide rapid and effective release upon consumption. These films provide an alternative to conventional drug delivery methods and are known as orally disintegrating [...] Read more.
Due to advances in edible films based on polysaccharides that can carry an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), these films now provide rapid and effective release upon consumption. These films provide an alternative to conventional drug delivery methods and are known as orally disintegrating films (ODFs). This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of an edible film composed of starch, chitosan, and maltodextrin to carry an API while maintaining its physicochemical and surface properties. Acetaminophen, a hydrophilic drug, was selected as the model API and incorporated into the edible film. The film achieved an API loading capacity of approximately 4.37 mg—comparable to the standard doses of certain hydrophilic drugs. Chemical analysis using vibrational spectroscopy revealed strong intermolecular interactions between the components. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed these interactions through a decrease in crystallinity within the biopolymeric compounds, while the model API retained its structural ordering. However, water absorption values increased by approximately 90% in the edible film. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a homogeneous dispersion of the model API throughout the film, without aggregation, demonstrating that the film can effectively accommodate this drug concentration. Furthermore, the elasticity remained comparable in both formulations, with a Young’s modulus of 9.27 MPa for the control film and 9.38 MPa for the API-loaded film. Overall, the edible film developed in this study represents a promising system for API delivery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials and Drug Technology)
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27 pages, 11144 KB  
Article
Adaptive Backstepping Control with Time-Delay Compensation for MR-Damper-Based Vehicle Seat Suspension
by Heting Feng, Yunhu Zhou, Shaoqi Li, Gongxun Cheng, Shang Ma and Yancheng Li
Actuators 2025, 14(4), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14040178 - 6 Apr 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 879
Abstract
Long-term vibrations endanger driver health and affect ride performance. Semi-active seat suspension systems equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers can effectively reduce vibrations transmitted to drivers, exhibiting excellent potential for widespread applications owing to their outstanding performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose an [...] Read more.
Long-term vibrations endanger driver health and affect ride performance. Semi-active seat suspension systems equipped with magnetorheological (MR) dampers can effectively reduce vibrations transmitted to drivers, exhibiting excellent potential for widespread applications owing to their outstanding performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose an adaptive backstepping control system with time-delay compensation (ABC-C) for an MR-damper-based semi-active seat suspension system to enhance ride comfort and stability in commercial vehicles. The control framework integrates a reference model, an adaptive backstepping controller, a time-delay compensator, and an MR damper inverse model. The reference model balances ride comfort and stability using high-pass and low-pass filters, while the adaptive controller ensures robustness against parameter uncertainties and disturbances. A time-delay compensator mitigates delays in the control loop, improving system stability and performance. Numerical simulations under harmonic, bump, and random excitations demonstrated the superior performance of the ABC-C controller. The experimental results show that under random road excitation conditions, the frequency-weighted root mean square (FW-RMS) of acceleration was reduced by 26.9%, the vibration dose value (VDV) decreased by 29.3%, and the root mean square of relative displacement (RMS_rd) was reduced by 58.46%. The results highlight the practical effectiveness of the ABC-C controller in improving ride comfort and safety for drivers of commercial vehicles, offering significant potential for real-world applications. Full article
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20 pages, 3630 KB  
Article
Evaluating Manganese-Doped Magnetic Nanoflowers for Biocompatibility and In Vitro Magnetic Hyperthermia Efficacy
by Andreea-Elena Petru, Cristian Iacovita, Ionel Fizeșan, Roxana Dudric, Ionut-Valentin Crestin, Constantin Mihai Lucaciu, Felicia Loghin and Bela Kiss
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(3), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030384 - 18 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 960
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments, offering targeted tumor destruction with minimal damage to healthy tissues. In this study, we synthesized manganese-doped magnetic nanoflowers (Mn-NFs) using a polyol-mediated approach to enhance heating efficiency and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments, offering targeted tumor destruction with minimal damage to healthy tissues. In this study, we synthesized manganese-doped magnetic nanoflowers (Mn-NFs) using a polyol-mediated approach to enhance heating efficiency and biocompatibility for MH applications. Our objective was to evaluate their structural, magnetic, and in vitro hyperthermic properties to determine their potential for lung cancer therapy. Methods: Mn-NFs, with the general formula MnxFe3-xO4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7), were synthesized via a one-step polyol method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Their heating efficiency was assessed through specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements in aqueous and solid environments under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Cytocompatibility was evaluated using the Alamar Blue assay on A549 lung carcinoma cells. Cellular uptake was quantified via a colorimetric iron determination method, while in vitro MH efficacy was tested by subjecting Mn-NF-loaded A549 cells to AMF exposure at different field strengths and nanoparticle concentrations. Results: Mn-NFs exhibited a flower-like morphology with enhanced magnetic properties, achieving high SAR values, particularly in immobilized conditions. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed high biocompatibility at relevant doses, with Mn-NFs of x = 0.3 showing optimal cellular uptake. MH studies demonstrated significant cancer cell death at AMF intensities of around 30 kA/m, with increased effectiveness following static magnetic field pre-alignment. Conclusions: The results highlight Mn-NFs, particularly those with a Mn content of x = 0.3, as promising candidates for MH-based lung cancer therapy, combining high heating efficiency, biocompatibility, and effective intracellular uptake. Further studies are needed to validate their therapeutic potential in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology)
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25 pages, 10862 KB  
Article
Improvement of Dynamic Characteristics of Purpose-Built Vehicles Using Semi-Active Suspension System
by Minyoung Kim and Chunhwan Lee
Sensors 2024, 24(13), 4310; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134310 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1956
Abstract
The diversification of mobility into services such as smart stores and conference rooms has accelerated the development of purpose-built vehicles (PBVs)—vehicles designed for specific purposes that utilize an extended electric vehicle chassis and autonomous driving technology. Despite the standards on speed bump dimensions [...] Read more.
The diversification of mobility into services such as smart stores and conference rooms has accelerated the development of purpose-built vehicles (PBVs)—vehicles designed for specific purposes that utilize an extended electric vehicle chassis and autonomous driving technology. Despite the standards on speed bump dimensions stipulated by the National Land Transportation Act of the Republic of Korea, real-world speed bumps feature varying widths and heights that deviate from these standards. In this study, a velocity equation was derived via regression analysis to achieve the desired dynamic characteristics for a PBV passing over speed bumps with varying shapes through two types of semi-active suspension control: proportional–integral–differential (PID) and linear–quadratic–regulator (LQR). For a cargo-transport PBV, the PID and LQR controllers increased the velocity by 23.74% and 50.74%, respectively, under different speed bump widths and by 19.44% and 38.31%, respectively, under different speed bump heights. Moreover, an analysis of the vibration dose value (VDV), an indicator of ride comfort, revealed that the VDVs calculated using the velocity equation were within an acceptable error range of 10% above the target VDV. These findings provide insights into the speed control required for different types of autonomous PBVs to ensure ride comfort, as well as minimize the driving duration, depending on the specific purpose of the vehicle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Vehicle Dynamics and Control)
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21 pages, 3352 KB  
Article
Artificial Neural Network-Based Model for Assessing the Whole-Body Vibration of Vehicle Drivers
by Antonio J. Aguilar, María L. de la Hoz-Torres, Mᵃ Dolores Martínez-Aires, Diego P. Ruiz, Pedro Arezes and Nélson Costa
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061713 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1874
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders, which are epidemiologically related to exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV), are frequently self-reported by workers in the construction sector. Several activities during building construction and demolition expose workers to this physical agent. Directive 2002/44/CE defined a method of assessing WBV exposure [...] Read more.
Musculoskeletal disorders, which are epidemiologically related to exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV), are frequently self-reported by workers in the construction sector. Several activities during building construction and demolition expose workers to this physical agent. Directive 2002/44/CE defined a method of assessing WBV exposure that was limited to an eight-hour working day, and did not consider the cumulative and long-term effects on the health of drivers. This study aims to propose a methodology for generating individualised models for vehicle drivers exposed to WBV that are easy to implement by companies, to ensure that the health of workers is not compromised in the short or long term. A measurement campaign was conducted with a professional driver, and the collected data were used to formulate six artificial neural networks to predict the daily compressive dose on the lumbar spine and to assess the short- and long-term WBV exposure. Accurate results were obtained from the developed artificial neural network models, with R2 values above 0.90 for training, cross-validation, and testing. The approach proposed in this study offers a new tool that can be applied in the assessment of short- and long-term WBV to ensure that workers’ health is not compromised during their working life and subsequent retirement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization)
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21 pages, 3932 KB  
Article
Vibration Emissions Reduce Boar Sperm Quality via Disrupting Its Metabolism
by Shanpeng Wang, Xuejun Zeng, Shenao Liu, S. A. Masudul Hoque, Lingjiang Min, Nengshui Ding and Zhendong Zhu
Biology 2024, 13(6), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13060370 - 23 May 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2386
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-preserved semen has recently become common in pig breeding. The semen doses are produced in a centralized manner at the boar stud and then subsequently distributed and transported to sow farms. However, vibration emissions during transportation by logistic vehicles [...] Read more.
Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid-preserved semen has recently become common in pig breeding. The semen doses are produced in a centralized manner at the boar stud and then subsequently distributed and transported to sow farms. However, vibration emissions during transportation by logistic vehicles may adversely affect the quality of boar sperm. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of vibration-induced emissions on sperm quality and function under simulated transportation conditions. Each time, ejaculates from all 15 boars were collected and then pooled together to minimize individual variations, and the sample was split using an extender for dilution. Different rotational speeds (0 rpm, 80 rpm, 140 rpm, 200 rpm) were utilized to simulate varying intensities of vibration exposure using an orbital shaker, considering different transportation times (0 h, 3 h, and 6 h). Subsequently, evaluations were conducted regarding sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, pH, glycolytic pathway enzyme activities, and capacitation following exposure to vibration emissions. Both vibration time and intensity impact sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal integrity. Vibration exposure significantly reduced sperm ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the levels of mitochondria-encoded proteins (MT-ND1, MT-ND6) (p < 0.05). After vibration emission treatment, the pH value and mitochondrial ROS levels significantly increased (p < 0.05). Inhibition of sperm glycolysis was observed, with reduced activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), along with decreased lactate levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, sperm tyrosine phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced by vibration emissions compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After the vibration emission treatment, the number of sperm bound to each square millimeter of oviduct explants decreased significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, compared to the control group, using semen subjected to vibration stress for AI results in significantly reduced pregnancy rates, total born litter size, live-born litter size, and healthy born litter size (p < 0.05). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental and Reproductive Biology)
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17 pages, 4236 KB  
Article
Assessing the Influence of RMS and VDV on Analysis of Human Perception of Vibrations in Buildings Caused by Selected Sources of Traffic
by Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara, Fabio Rizzo, Maria Francesca Sabbà and Chiara Bedon
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3688; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093688 - 26 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
This research paper delves into the nuanced effects of traffic-induced vibrations on human comfort and perception within residential and commercial buildings. By prioritizing the influence of vehicle types—including metro trains, trams, and cars—over their speed or mass, the study presents a novel perspective [...] Read more.
This research paper delves into the nuanced effects of traffic-induced vibrations on human comfort and perception within residential and commercial buildings. By prioritizing the influence of vehicle types—including metro trains, trams, and cars—over their speed or mass, the study presents a novel perspective on addressing vibrational comfort. Conducted in the urban context of Warsaw’s metro line construction, this investigation employs a rigorous methodology, utilizing both the Root Mean Square (RMS) and Vibration Dose Value (VDV) analytical methods to quantify vibrational impacts. The findings illuminate the distinct contributions of various transportation modes to the perceived vibrations, offering significant insights into the complex relationship between the Human Perception of Vibration Index (HPVI) and VDV values. It underscores the necessity of integrating a multifaceted consideration of vehicle type, operational dynamics, and urban infrastructure in the strategic planning and design of buildings. Such a holistic approach is essential for mitigating the adverse effects of transportation-induced vibrations, thereby enhancing the quality of life and well-being of urban inhabitants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Dynamics in Civil Engineering)
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20 pages, 5415 KB  
Article
Smilax aspera L. Leaf and Fruit Extracts as Antibacterial Agents for Crop Protection
by Riccardo Fontana, Eva Sánchez-Hernández, Pablo Martín-Ramos, Jesús Martín-Gil and Peggy Marconi
Agronomy 2024, 14(2), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020383 - 16 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3754
Abstract
Smilax aspera L. (commonly known as sarsaparilla) is recognized for its composition rich in flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroidal saponins, stilbenoids, and tannins, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the hydromethanolic extracts of its leaves and fruits through vibrational spectroscopy and gas [...] Read more.
Smilax aspera L. (commonly known as sarsaparilla) is recognized for its composition rich in flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, steroidal saponins, stilbenoids, and tannins, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the hydromethanolic extracts of its leaves and fruits through vibrational spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, evaluating their potential as biorationals for safeguarding crops. Analysis of S. aspera leaf and fruit extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as lactones and other furan derivatives. In vitro assessments against three phytopathogens—Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris—demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 1500 μg·mL−1 for both extracts. Biofilm tests indicated that the leaf extract reduced biofilm formation by 78–85%, while the fruit extract led to a reduction of 73–92.5%. At a concentration of 750 µg·mL−1, the extracts caused a decrease in amylovoran synthesis by 41–58%. Additionally, noticeable alterations in membrane permeability were observed at MIC and MIC/2 doses. Subsequent in vivo trials conducted on Pyrus communis L. trees utilizing the combined aerial part extract yielded substantial protection against E. amylovora at a dose of 1500 μg·mL−1, reaching 80% wilting reduction for the leaf extract. The findings presented herein cast S. aspera extracts as a promising natural-based treatment against these bacterial phytopathogens. Full article
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7 pages, 1102 KB  
Proceeding Paper
Comparison of Footrest Vibrations in the Case of an ICE-Based and Battery-Based Two-Wheeler
by Keerthan Krishna, Sriharsha Hegde, Gonuru Thammanaiah Mahesha and Satish Shenoy Baloor
Eng. Proc. 2023, 59(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2023059074 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
The current work investigates the comfort of two-wheeler riders and compares the footrest vibration between an internal combustion-engine-based and electric two-wheeler. The Retrofit Hero Honda CD-100 two-wheeler is considered for the study and is further converted into the electric mode in the laboratory. [...] Read more.
The current work investigates the comfort of two-wheeler riders and compares the footrest vibration between an internal combustion-engine-based and electric two-wheeler. The Retrofit Hero Honda CD-100 two-wheeler is considered for the study and is further converted into the electric mode in the laboratory. Electric two-wheelers, even though they have fewer moving parts than internal combustion engine-based two-wheelers, encounter vibrations that emerge from road excitations. Cracks, potholes, and irregular humps on the road are the major influencers of these vibrations. These vibrations, when they transfer to the human body, have been reported to cause major injuries to the human body in the long run. By performing several trials on actual road conditions, with both the rider as well as pillion, the vibration dose value is calculated at the footrest. Different scenarios, such as a random speed test, a 20 kmph speed test and a 30 kmph speed test, are conducted on the two-wheeler. The vibration dose value (VDV) method is used to analyze the rider’s comfort. A comparison is made between the internal combustion engine-based and electric-based two-wheeler to determine its comfort level at the footrest. It is found that the VDV as well as the RMS acceleration decreased considerably in the case of the electric two-wheeler when compared to the internal combustion engine-based vehicle. However, it is found that as the speed is increased, the vibrations increased as well. Hence, further scope is found for the improvement and inculcation of vibration damping at the locations where the vibrations are pronounced in order to improve the overall riding experience of a two-wheeler rider. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Eng. Proc., 2023, RAiSE-2023)
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