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  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,253 Views
12 Pages

Lab Experiments for Abrasive Waterjet Perforation and Fracturing in Offshore Unconsolidated Sandstones

  • Yigang Liu,
  • Peng Xu,
  • Liping Zhang,
  • Jian Zou and ,
  • Xitang Lan and
  • Mao Sheng
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

2 November 2023

Multistage hydraulic fracturing has been proven to be an effective stimulation method to extract more oil from the depleted unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in Bohai Bay, China. The offshore wellbores in this area were completed with a gravel pack...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Reservoir Stimulation and EOR Technology in Unconventional Reservoirs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
956 Views
22 Pages

Fractal Characteristics of Pore Structure Evolution in Unconsolidated Sandstones Under Prolonged Water Injection

  • Hongzhu Li,
  • Haifeng Lyu,
  • Zhaobo Gong,
  • Taotao Song and ,
  • Weiyao Zhu and
  • Debin Kong
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Prolonged water injection in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs can induce pore rearrangement and modify flow pathways, thereby affecting reservoir performance. However, quantitative characterization of pore evolution in both temporal and spatial di...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficient Development of Geo-Energy and Carbon Sequestration in Fractal Geo-Systems: New Challenges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,815 Views
28 Pages

Offshore unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs suffer from severe sand production, which impairs wellbore stability and productivity. This study evaluates gravel packing in light-oil unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in the Weizhou field. This paper...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,222 Views
20 Pages

9 January 2026

The “Double High—Double Extra High” stage of offshore oilfields, where large pumps lift liquids, leads to a rapid rise in water concentration, which triggers a decrease in rock strength and exacerbates the risk of sand production; t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Studies of Oil and Gas Flow in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir)
  • Article
  • Open Access
550 Views
21 Pages

9 April 2026

Fine migration is widely recognized as a primary cause of production decline in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Migrated fines may accumulate within pore throats and obstruct flow channels, or they may be transported into the wellbore with the p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Theory and Technology of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
387 Views
20 Pages

15 July 2026

Aiming at the significant pore structure reconfiguration and mechanical response evolution of offshore unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs during long-term high-intensity waterflooding development, this study proposes a novel fluid–solid coupli...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Oil Reservoir Simulation and Multiphase Flow)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,562 Views
23 Pages

Damage Evaluation of Unconsolidated Sandstone Particle Migration Reservoir Based on Well–Seismic Combination

  • Zhao Wang,
  • Hanjun Yin,
  • Haoxuan Tang,
  • Yawei Hou and ,
  • Hang Yu,
  • Qiang Liu,
  • Hongming Tang and
  • Tianze Jia
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

18 September 2024

The primary factor constraining the performance of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs is blockage from particle migration, which reduces the capacity of liquid production. By utilizing logging, seismic, core–testing, and oil–well product...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
484 Views
22 Pages

Process Evaluation of Staged Self-Diverting Acidizing and Cationic Polymer Sand Stabilization in Unconsolidated Sandstone

  • Yixin Pan,
  • Shijun Chen,
  • Siqi Zheng,
  • Li Liao and ,
  • Qi Jiang and
  • Dan Gao
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

28 August 2026

Unconsolidated sandstone gas reservoirs often suffer from near-wellbore plugging, permeability contrast, and sand production after acid stimulation. This study evaluates a staged chemical process that couples limited cationic polymer sand stabilizati...

(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Processes and Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,804 Views
16 Pages

Experimental Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Unconsolidated Silty Sandstones

  • Juan Alejandro Arias-Buitrago,
  • Guillermo A. Alzate-Espinosa,
  • Alejandra Arbelaez-Londoño,
  • Gonzalo Zambrano-Narvaez and
  • Rick Chalaturnyk

26 October 2021

Hydrocarbon reservoirs can be subjected to temperature changes due to different processes during production. Heat injection has become an advantageous method to produce heavy oils in Canada and Venezuela because it increases oil recovery. The heat re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomechanics for Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
263 Views
20 Pages

22 August 2026

Water invasion can isolate gas and reduce gas-phase mobility in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, complicating reserve evaluation and target selection. This study evaluates dynamic reserves and remaining gas potential in the II-2 layer group of th...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Science and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,137 Views
19 Pages

Research on the Fracture Propagation Law of Separate Layered Fracturing in Unconventional Sandstone Reservoirs

  • Qiquan Ran,
  • Xin Zhou,
  • Mengya Xu,
  • Jiaxin Dong and ,
  • Dianxing Ren and
  • Ruibo Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

3 July 2023

The unconsolidated sandstone is a type of rock that has poor cementation, a low strength, a high porosity, and permeability. It is highly compressible under high stress and exhibits non-linear plastic deformation during hydraulic fracturing construct...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Analysis of Rock Mechanics and Crack Propagation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,579 Views
15 Pages

Study on Stable Loose Sandstone Reservoir and Corresponding Acidizing Technology

  • Wei Song,
  • Kun Zhang,
  • Daqiang Feng,
  • Qi Jiang and ,
  • Hai Lin,
  • Li Liao,
  • Ruixin Kang,
  • Baoming Ou,
  • Jing Du and
  • Erdong Yao
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

The Sebei gas field is in the Sanhu depression area of the Qaidam Basin, which is the main gas-producing area and a key profit pillar for the Qinghai oilfield. The Sebei gas field within the Qinghai oilfield is characterized by high mud content, poor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Characterization of New Construction Materials and Coatings)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,296 Views
19 Pages

Analytical Study of Permeability Properties of Loose Sandstone Based on Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical (THM) Coupling

  • Rui Cui,
  • Bo Feng,
  • Xiaofei Duan,
  • Jichu Zhao and ,
  • Yabin Yang,
  • Shoutao Feng and
  • Yilong Yuan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

9 January 2024

The permeability of reservoirs is a key factor affecting the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. This test used a core flow meter and other advanced experimental devices to investigate the evolution of the permeability characteristi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,938 Views
15 Pages

17 December 2024

One of the most challenging aspects of manipulating the flow of fluids in subsurfaces is to control their flow direction and flow behavior. This can be especially challenging for compressible fluids, such as CO2, and for multiphase flow, including bo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Polymer Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
843 Views
31 Pages

Integrity and Performance Evaluation of Offshore Gravel-Pack Sand Control Completions in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs

  • Guolong Li,
  • Changyin Dong,
  • Chenfeng Liu,
  • Kaixiang Shen and ,
  • Tao Sun and
  • Zhangyu Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

16 February 2026

Unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, particularly in offshore and marine environments, are highly susceptible to sand production, which leads to flow-capacity degradation, plugging evolution, sand-retention instability, and erosion–corrosion da...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Technology for Oil and Nature Gas Exploration)
  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,252 Views
21 Pages

24 May 2025

One of the limitations of Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is the low recovery factor (5–15%). To target the remaining 85–95% heavy oil resources, several enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, such as cyclic solvent injection...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploration and Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Latest Advances and Prospects: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
835 Views
24 Pages

A Pore-Scale Experimental Study on the Gas-Trapping Mechanisms of Reservoirs Under Water Encroachment

  • Qijun Huang,
  • Junqing Lu,
  • Yuqin Zhao,
  • Xiangyu Zhang and ,
  • Yinman Ma and
  • Junjian Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 January 2026

Low gas recovery in the Sebei-2 gas field is linked to residual gas trapping under water encroachment. This study investigates the pore-scale trapping behaviour of residual gas in three types of layer: conventional, low-resistivity, and low-acoustic...

(This article belongs to the Section Petroleum and Low-Carbon Energy Process Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,557 Views
13 Pages

A New Method for Calculating Reservoir Core-Bound Water Saturation Using the Cast Thin Section

  • Yunjiang Cui,
  • Jun Ming,
  • Xinlei Shi,
  • Wangwang Yang and ,
  • Zhansong Zhang and
  • Chong Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

5 May 2023

The rock coring of the reservoir in the Bohai A field is difficult. The cores of the target section in the study area are loose, making it difficult to accurately measure the core-bound water saturation. The purpose of this research was to develop an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rock Physics, Well Logging, and Formation Evaluation in Energy Exploration Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,208 Views
29 Pages

14 April 2022

The Neogene Guantao Formation Reservoir in the PLOilfield is a unconsolidated sandstone with high porosity and high permeability. The reservoir diagenesis is weak and dominated by compaction diagenesis. At present, insufficient research into the rela...

(This article belongs to the Topic Drilling, Completion and Well Engineering for the Natural Energy Resources Extraction, Storage and Sustainable Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,908 Views
15 Pages

Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation on Multilayered Formation Using Limited Entry Fracturing Technique

  • Hexing Liu,
  • Wenjuan Ji,
  • Yi Huang,
  • Wandong Zhang and ,
  • Junlong Yang,
  • Jing Xu and
  • Mingyang Mei
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

27 May 2024

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most effective stimulation methods for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. However, the design of hydraulic fracturing must take into account the mechanical and stress properties of different geological formations...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study of Multiphase Flow and Its Application in Petroleum Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,538 Views
33 Pages

3 December 2024

Accurate estimation of in-situ stresses is a critical parameter for geo-mechanical modelling. In-situ stresses are estimated in the field from logs and frac tests. Laboratory tests are performed with cored material to estimate horizontal stress chang...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fracture Geomechanics—Obstacles and New Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
535 Views
17 Pages

Evolution of Time-Varying Reservoir Flow Field and Differential Control in the Ultra-High Water Cut Stage: A Case Study of Block 1G, Chengdao Oilfield, China

  • Yimo Ma,
  • Yanzhen Wang,
  • Ming Wang,
  • Shu Jiang and ,
  • Guozheng Ma,
  • Xuexue Jiang,
  • Wenfei Yang and
  • Xuanhe Tang
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

5 May 2026

In the ultra-high water cut stage, unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs suffer from severe reservoir property time-variation, streamline solidification, and inefficient water circulation. To tackle these problems, this study takes Chengdao Oilfield Bl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Simulation and Application of Flow in Porous Media)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,155 Views
16 Pages

Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs

  • Yicheng Xin,
  • Zheng Yuan,
  • Yancai Gao,
  • Tao Wang and ,
  • Haibiao Wang,
  • Min Yan,
  • Shun Zhang and
  • Xian Shi
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

12 October 2024

In order to comprehensively understand the complex fracture mechanisms in thick and loose sandstone formations, we have carefully developed a coupled finite element numerical model that captures the complex interactions between fluid flow and solid d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy and Efficient Use of Resources (Volume II))
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,416 Views
15 Pages

27 May 2025

Studies have demonstrated that heavy oil flow exhibits threshold pressure gradient (TPG) which is closely related to the permeability and viscosity of the crude oil. Also, long-term water flooding continuously alters unconsolidated sandstone reservoi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Strategies in Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory and Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,159 Views
12 Pages

Probing the Pore Structure of the Berea Sandstone by Using X-ray Micro-CT in Combination with ImageJ Software

  • Zhazha Hu,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Kai Zhu,
  • Dongyin Li and ,
  • Yi Jin,
  • Wenbing Guo,
  • Xiao Liu,
  • Xiaodong Zhang and
  • Qian Zhang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

4 March 2023

During diagenesis, the transformation of unconsolidated sediments into a sandstone is usually accompanied by compaction, water expulsion, cementation and dissolution, which fundamentally control the extent, connectivity and complexity of the pore str...

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Deposits)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,045 Views
23 Pages

Evaluating Gas Saturation in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs Using Acoustic Logs: A Case Study of the Baiyun Depression in the Northern South China Sea

  • Jiangbo Shu,
  • Changchun Zou,
  • Cheng Peng,
  • Liang Xiao and ,
  • Keyu Qiao,
  • Xixi Lan,
  • Wei Shen,
  • Yuanyuan Zhang and
  • Hongjie Zhang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

31 October 2025

Shallow gas is an unconventional natural gas resource with great potential and has received growing attention recently. Accurate estimation of gas saturation is crucial for reserves assessments and for development program formulations. However, such...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Well Logging and Reservoir Characterization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,498 Views
20 Pages

12 November 2020

In petroleum, geological and environmental science, flow through porous media is conventionally studied complementarily with numerical modeling/simulation and experimental corefloods. Despite advances in numerical modeling/simulation, experimental co...

(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Processes and Systems)
  • Review
  • Open Access
439 Views
67 Pages

7 October 2026

Polymer flooding is one of the most widely applied chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies and has progressed from conventional onshore sandstone applications to increasingly challenging reservoir environments. This study reviews global pol...

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,000 Views
14 Pages

Genesis of Gypsum/Anhydrite in the World-Class Jinding Zn-Pb Deposit, SW China: Constraints from Field Mapping, Petrography, and S-O-Sr Isotope Geochemistry

  • Gang Huang,
  • Yu-Cai Song,
  • Liang-Liang Zhuang,
  • Chuan-Dong Xue and ,
  • Li-Dan Tian and
  • Wei Wu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

29 May 2024

The world-class Jinding deposit in SW China has ~15 Mt of Zn and Pb metals combined, in an evaporite dome containing amounts of gypsum/anhydrite. These gypsum and anhydrite are mainly located in limestone breccias (Member I), gypsum-bearing complexes...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ag-Pb-Zn Deposits: Geology and Geochemistry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,541 Views
21 Pages

Reactive Transport Modeling during Uranium In Situ Leaching (ISL): The Effects of Ore Composition on Mining Recovery

  • Maksat B. Kurmanseiit,
  • Madina S. Tungatarova,
  • Aidarkhan Kaltayev and
  • Jean-Jacques Royer

22 October 2022

Unconsolidated sandstone uranium deposits exploited by the in situ leaching (ISL) method, contain complex tetravalent and hexavalent uranium compounds, mostly as UO2 and UO3 oxides that have different dissolution rates in sulfuric acid solutions. Thi...

(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
758 Views
19 Pages

Research on Ground Subsidence Prediction and Risk Assessment for Deep Potassium-Rich Brine Extraction

  • Yinping Li,
  • Ahu Zhao,
  • Jiangyu Fang,
  • Xilin Shi and ,
  • Hongling Ma and
  • Mingnan Xu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

1 April 2026

Potash is a strategically critical mineral resource essential for ensuring national food security, thereby necessitating the exploration of new deposits to sustain long-term supply. This study systematically evaluates the risk of ground subsidence as...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rock Mechanics in Deep Resource Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,496 Views
24 Pages

28 January 2025

Lithuania is a Baltic European country which shares borders with Poland, Belarus, Latvia, and Russia and has a geothermal anomaly in the southwestern region. It consists of two main geothermal complexed, i.e., Devonian and Cambrian with a temperature...

(This article belongs to the Section H: Geo-Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,924 Views
17 Pages

Assessment of Geological, Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Characteristics of a Proposed Waste Disposal Site: A Case Study in Khon Kaen, Thailand

  • Rungroj Arjwech,
  • Kittipong Somchat,
  • Potpreecha Pondthai,
  • Mark Everett and ,
  • Marcia Schulmeister and
  • Sakhon Saengchomphu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Occasionally, a selected site suitable for landfill construction is severely protested against by locals. This issue can cause the proposed landfill to be relocated to an environmentally sensitive area. The proposed Khon Kaen waste disposal site has...

  • Review
  • Open Access
89 Citations
13,286 Views
30 Pages

Chemical Sand Consolidation: From Polymers to Nanoparticles

  • Fahd Saeed Alakbari,
  • Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn,
  • Ali Samer Muhsan,
  • Nurul Hasan and
  • Tarek Ganat

7 May 2020

The chemical sand consolidation methods involve pumping of chemical materials, like furan resin and silicate non-polymer materials into unconsolidated sandstone formations, in order to minimize sand production with the fluids produced from the hydroc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Nanomaterials: Interactions and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,785 Views
13 Pages

Infiltration Assessments on Top of Yungang Grottoes by Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography

  • Deqiang Mao,
  • Xudong Wang,
  • Jian Meng,
  • Xinmin Ma and ,
  • Xiaowei Jiang,
  • Li Wan,
  • Hongbin Yan and
  • Yao Fan
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

Water plays a vital role in the weathering process of grottoes. Precipitation is a main water source in the grotto hosting mountain rock. In this study, time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography was adopted to track the movement of infiltrated wat...

(This article belongs to the Section Soil and Hydrology)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,315 Views
15 Pages

26 March 2024

Lithuania is located on the East of Baltic sedimentary basin and has a geothermal anomaly situated in the southwestern region of the country. There are two primary geothermal complexes within the anomaly, composed of Cambrian and Devonian aquifers. T...

(This article belongs to the Collection Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,542 Views
25 Pages

Quantitative Characterization of Shallow Marine Sediments in Tight Gas Fields of Middle Indus Basin: A Rational Approach of Multiple Rock Physics Diagnostic Models

  • Muhammad Ali,
  • Umar Ashraf,
  • Peimin Zhu,
  • Huolin Ma and ,
  • Ren Jiang,
  • Guo Lei,
  • Jar Ullah,
  • Jawad Ali,
  • Hung Vo Thanh and
  • Aqsa Anees
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

18 January 2023

For the successful discovery and development of tight sand gas reserves, it is necessary to locate sand with certain features. These features must largely include a significant accumulation of hydrocarbons, rock physics models, and mechanical propert...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Enhancing Unconventional Oil/Gas Recovery)