Search Results (2,892)

The growth of rural residents’ disposable income is essential for narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas and promoting integrated development. This study explores how China’s National Main Functional Zoning Plan influences rural household income through its regulatory impact on construction land expansion. Using data from county−level administrative units across China, the research identified the construction land regulation index as a key mediating variable linking zoning policy to changes in household income. By shifting the analytical perspective from a traditional urban–rural classification to a framework aligned with the National Main Functional Zoning Plan, the study reveals how spatial planning tools, particularly differentiated land quota allocations, influence household income. The empirical results confirm a structured causal chain in which zoning policy affects land development intensity, which in turn drives rural income growth. This relationship varies across different functional zones. In key development zones, strict land control limits income potential by constraining land supply. In main agricultural production zones, moderate regulatory control enhances land use efficiency and contributes to higher income levels. In key ecological function zones, ecological constraints require diverse approaches to value realization. The investigation contributes both theoretical and practical insights by elucidating the microeconomic effects of national spatial planning policies and offering actionable guidance for optimizing land use regulation to support income growth tailored to regional functions. Full article

According to the literature, the advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has increased individual exposure to scams, turning fraud victimization into a significant concern. While prior research has primarily focused on socio-demographic predictors of fraud victimization, this study adopts a behavioral perspective that is grounded in the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) to investigate the likelihood determinants of individuals becoming fraud victims. Using survey data of 671 Indonesian respondents analyzed with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we explored the roles of vigilance and financial literacy in moderating the relationship between fraud exposure and victimization. Our findings substantiate the notion that higher exposure to fraudulent activity significantly increases the likelihood of victimization. The results also show that vigilance negatively moderates the relationship between fraud exposure and fraud victimization, suggesting that individuals with higher vigilance are better at identifying scams, thereby decreasing their likelihood of becoming fraud victims. Furthermore, financial literacy is positively related to vigilance, indicating that financially literate individuals are more aware of potential scams. However, the predictive power of financial literacy on vigilance is relatively low. Hence, while literacy helps a person sharpen their indicators for detecting fraud, psychological, behavioral, and contextual factors may also affect their vigilance and decision-making. Full article

Industry 4.0 represents a significant transformation in industrial systems through digital integration, presenting both opportunities and challenges for aligning the workforce, especially in emerging economies like Thailand. This study adopts a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach to investigate how strategic human resource development (HRD) contributes to sustainable transformation, defined as the enduring alignment between workforce capabilities and technological advancement. The qualitative phase involved case studies of five Thai manufacturing firms at varying levels of Industry 4.0 adoption, utilizing semi-structured interviews with executives and HR leaders. Thematic findings informed the development of a structured survey, distributed to 144 firms. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships among business pressures, leadership support, HRD preparedness, and technological readiness. The analysis reveals that business pressures significantly influence leadership and HRD, which in turn facilitate technological readiness. However, business pressures alone do not directly enhance readiness without the support of intermediaries. These results underscore the critical role of integrated HRD and leadership frameworks in enabling sustainable digital transformation. This study contributes to theoretical perspectives by integrating HRD, leadership, and technological readiness, offering practical guidance for firms aiming to navigate the complexities of Industry 4.0. Full article

This study evaluates the impact of digital systems and IT audit frameworks on tax performance and integrity within tax administrations. Using international data from organizations like the World Bank, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), and IMF (International Monetary Fund), the research examines the relationship between tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, digital infrastructure, corruption perception, e-government development, and cybersecurity readiness. Quantitative analysis, including correlation, regression, and clustering methods, reveals a strong positive relationship between digital maturity, e-governance, and tax performance. Countries with advanced digital governance systems and robust IT audit frameworks, such as COBIT, tend to show higher tax revenues and lower corruption levels. The study finds that e-government development and anti-corruption measures explain over 40% of the variance in tax performance. Cluster analysis distinguishes between digitally advanced, high-compliance countries and those lagging in IT adoption. The findings suggest that digital transformation strengthens fiscal integrity by automating compliance and reducing human contact, which in turn mitigates bribery risks and enhances fraud detection. The study highlights the need for adopting international best practices to guide the digitalization of tax administrations, improving efficiency, transparency, and trust in public finance. Full article

The efficiency decline of Francis turbines, a key component of hydroelectric power generation, presents a multifaceted challenge influenced by interconnected factors such as water quality, incidence angle, erosion, and runner wear. This paper is structured into two main sections to address these issues. The first section applies the Buckingham π theorem to establish a dimensional analysis (DA) framework, providing insights into the relationships among the operational variables and their impact on turbine wear and efficiency loss. Dimensional analysis offers a theoretical basis for understanding the relationships among operational variables and efficiency within the scope of this study. This understanding, in turn, informs the selection and interpretation of features for machine learning (ML) models aimed at the predictive maintenance of the target variable and important features for the next stage. The second section analyzes an extensive dataset collected from a Francis turbine in Colombia, a country that is heavily reliant on hydroelectric power. The dataset consisted of 60,501 samples recorded over 15 days, offering a robust basis for assessing turbine behavior under real-world operating conditions. An exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted by integrating linear regression and a time-series analysis to investigate efficiency dynamics. Key variables, including power output, water flow rate, and operational time, were extracted and analyzed to identify patterns and correlations affecting turbine performance. This study seeks to develop a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving Francis turbine efficiency loss and to propose strategies for mitigating wear-induced performance degradation. The synergy lies in DA’s ability to reduce dimensionality and identify meaningful features, which enhances the ML models’ interpretability, while ML leverages these features to model non-linear and time-dependent patterns that DA alone cannot address. This integrated approach results in a linear regression model with a performance (R²-Test = 0.994) and a time series using ARIMA with a performance (R²-Test = 0.999) that allows for the identification of better generalization, demonstrating the power of combining physical principles with advanced data analysis. The preliminary findings provide valuable insights into the dynamic interplay of operational parameters, contributing to the optimization of turbine operation, efficiency enhancement, and lifespan extension. Ultimately, this study supports the sustainability and economic viability of hydroelectric power generation by advancing tools for predictive maintenance and performance optimization. Full article

Existing research has predominantly framed defensive silence as an avoidance response to interpersonal mistreatments. Moving beyond this view, this study theorizes defensive silence as a proactive strategy for managing interpersonal relationships through the lens of sociometer theory. We posit that workplace ostracism will reduce employees’ organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), which in turn increases their subsequent defensive silence to avert further damage to relationships. In addition, we also expect a moderating role of the sense of power in mitigating the negative impact of workplace ostracism on OBSE. Based on the multi-wave, multi-source data of 345 employees and their 82 immediate supervisors, we tested all the hypotheses. Results from multilevel modeling indicated that OBSE mediated the indirect effect of workplace ostracism on defensive silence, and also supported the moderation role of sense of power. Our theoretical model provides a novel perspective that deepens the understanding of defensive silence and suggests implications for managerial practices. Full article

Background: Human activity is recognised as a major contributor to changes in Earth’s climate, land surface, oceans, ecosystems, and biodiversity. These alterations are largely due to greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, mass pollution, and land degradation. In light of these environmental challenges, examining the psychological determinants of pro-environmental behaviour has become increasingly important. Study’s Aim: To provide a comprehensive model evaluating the structural relationships among biospheric values, green self-identity, green self-efficacy, and eco-anxiety to investigate the underlying mechanisms relating to the adoption of various pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Methods: An online self-report questionnaire was completed by 510 Italian participants (aged 18–55, M = 35.18, SD = 12.58) between November and December 2023. Data analysis was performed using R statistical software, employing Structural Equation Modelling. Results: The results indicate that eco-anxiety, green self-efficacy, and green self-identity are significant positive predictors of PEBs. Furthermore, green self-identity significantly influences eco-anxiety and green self-efficacy, while biospheric values are a major trigger for both green self-efficacy and green self-identity, but not for eco-anxiety. Conclusions: These findings suggest that while eco-anxiety can be an adaptive motivator for PEBs, biospheric values foster a green self-identity and self-efficacy, which in turn drive pro-environmental actions. The study concludes that encouraging biospheric values and strong green self-identity is crucial for promoting sustainable behaviours. Full article

Given that participating in or spectating sports events plays a vital role in enhancing individuals’ mental health, understanding the key factors that promote continued participation and attendance in sports events is of significant theoretical and practical importance within the context of sports tourism. From this perspective, the service quality of sports events and the image of the host destination have been identified as major determinants of sustained engagement among sports tourists. However, a review of the literature reveals that findings on the influence of sports event service quality and host destination image on the behavioral intentions of sports tourists have been inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to employ a meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) approach to synthesize data from 39 independent studies comprising 16,335 participants, which were collected up to 30 September 2024, thereby providing generalizable conclusions. The results indicate that, first, host destination image is the most critical factor in enhancing visitor satisfaction. Additionally, the service quality of sports events significantly influences visitor satisfaction, which in turn impacts their future behavioral intentions. Second, tourist satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between event service quality and behavioral intentions, and it partially mediates the relationship between host destination image and behavioral intentions. Third, under the moderating effect of event scale (small scale vs. mega scale), host destination image and physical environment quality are more important in small-scale sports events than in mega-scale sports events. Furthermore, under the moderating effect of cultural context (Eastern vs. Western), service quality dimensions are more influential in Western cultural settings, whereas host destination image is more important in Eastern cultural settings. The significance of this study lies in its integration of previously disparate findings into a unified model, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships among the variables. The results provide broad implications for future academic research and practical insights for sports tourism practitioners. Full article

Serious games (SGs) have been widely employed in the digital preservation and transmission of architectural heritage. However, the key determinants and underlying mechanisms driving users’ continuance intentions toward ancient-architecture cultural heritage serious games (CH-SGs) have not been thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, a conceptual model grounded in the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) framework was developed to elucidate the affective and behavioral effects experienced by CH-SG users. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to capture both the linear and nonlinear relationships among model constructs. By integrating sufficiency logic (PLS-SEM) and necessity logic (necessary condition analysis, NCA), “must-have” and “should-have” factors were identified. Empirical results indicate that cultural authenticity, knowledge acquisition, perceived enjoyment, and design aesthetics each exert a positive influence—of varying magnitude—on perceived value, cultural identification, and perceived pleasure, thereby shaping users’ continuance intentions. Moreover, cultural authenticity and perceived enjoyment were found to be necessary and sufficient conditions, respectively, for enhancing perceived pleasure and perceived value, which in turn indirectly bolster CH-SG users’ sustained use intentions. By creating an immersive, narratively rich, and engaging cognitive experience, CH-SGs set against ancient architectural backdrops not only stimulate users’ willingness to visit and protect heritage sites but also provide designers and developers with critical insights for optimizing future CH-SG design, development, and dissemination. Full article

The development of stock markets is pivotal for economic growth, particularly through the mobilization of idle resources into productive investments. Despite recent reforms to enhance Uzbekistan’s capital market, public engagement remains limited. This study examines the behavioral determinants of stock market investment intention and participation among university students, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The model investigates the influence of digital literacy, financial literacy, social interaction, herding behavior, overconfidence bias, risk tolerance, and financial well-being on investment intention and behavior. A survey of 369 university students was conducted to assess the proposed relationships. The results reveal that risk tolerance, overconfidence bias, and herding behavior significantly and positively affect investment intention, while digital literacy demonstrates a notable negative effect, suggesting caution in assuming technology readiness automatically translates to investment readiness. Investment intention, in turn, strongly predicts actual participation and mediates several of these effects. Conversely, financial literacy, financial well-being, and social interaction showed no significant direct or mediating influence. Additionally, differences according to gender and academic background were observed in how intention translates into behavior. The findings underscore the need for integrated financial and behavioral education to enhance market participation and contribute to policy discourse on youth financial engagement in emerging economies. Full article

Clinical and animal studies suggest that multiple brain systems are involved in mediating reward-motivated and related emotional behavior including the consumption of commonly used drugs and palatable food, and there is evidence that the repeated ingestion of or exposure to these rewarding substances may in turn stimulate these brain systems to produce an overconsumption of these substances along with co-occurring emotional disturbances. To understand this positive feedback loop, this review focuses on a specific population of hypothalamic peptide neurons expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which are positively related to dopamine reward and project to forebrain areas that mediate this behavior. It also examines neurons expressing the peptide hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) that are anatomically and functionally linked to MCH neurons and the molecular systems within these peptide neurons that stimulate their development and ultimately affect behavior. This report first describes evidence in animals that exposure in adults and during adolescence to rewarding substances, such as the drugs alcohol, nicotine and cocaine and palatable fat-rich food, stimulates the expression of MCH as well as HCRT and their intracellular molecular systems. It also increases reward-seeking and emotional behavior, leading to excess consumption and abuse of these substances and neurological conditions, completing this positive feedback loop. Next, this review focuses on the model involving embryonic exposure to these rewarding substances. In addition to revealing a similar positive feedback circuit, this model greatly advances our understanding of the diverse changes that occur in these neuropeptide/molecular systems in the embryo and how they relate, perhaps causally, to the disturbances in behavior early in life that predict a later increased risk of developing substance use disorders. Studies using this model demonstrate in animals that embryonic exposure to these rewarding substances, in addition to stimulating the expression of peptide neurons, increases the intracellular molecular systems in neuroprogenitor cells that promote their development. It also alters the morphology, migration, location and neurochemical profile of the peptide neurons and causes them to develop aberrant neuronal projections to forebrain structures. Moreover, it produces disturbances in behavior at a young age, which are sex-dependent and occur in females more than in males, that can be directly linked to the neuropeptide/molecular changes in the embryo and predict the development of behavioral disorders later in life. These results supporting the close relationship between the brain and behavior are consistent with clinical studies, showing females to be more vulnerable than males to developing substance use disorders with co-occurring emotional conditions and female offspring to respond more adversely than male offspring to prenatal exposure to rewarding substances. It is concluded that the continued consumption of or exposure to rewarding substances at any stage of life can, through such peptide brain systems, significantly increase an individual’s vulnerability to developing neurological disorders such as substance use disorders, anxiety, depression, or cognitive impairments. Full article

PM_2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) pollution is one of the most common problems triggered by the acceleration of urbanization. The coordinated development of cities and the environment has been a topic of significant interest in recent years. Based on the spatiotemporal relationship between the evolution of urbanization levels and PM_2.5 concentrations, and starting from multiple factors characterizing urbanization, this study constructs a coupling coordination degree model between PM_2.5 and urbanization levels to explore the interaction and degree of coordination between urbanization and PM_2.5 in Guangdong Province from 2000 to 2021. The research reveals that the conflict between the urbanization process and PM_2.5 pollution in various cities of Guangdong Province is gradually easing. The year 2011 was a turning point as the PM_2.5 pollution levels in cities that were in an uncoordinated phase began to improve. The coupling coordination degree between urbanization and PM_2.5 pollution in Guangdong Province exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. The coupling coordination degree in most coastal cities is higher than that in inland cities. Cities in economically underdeveloped regions also face relatively lower pressure from pollution emissions. These regions are characterized by lagging urbanization, and their coupling coordination degree is slowly increasing as urbanization progresses. In economically developed regions, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization levels and PM_2.5 pollution has reached a basic level of coordination, although the specific types vary. Full article

With increasing attention on DNA ancestry tests, scholars have explored how these tests inform modern understandings of race. Current research reveals the flaws and misinterpretations that arise when DNA tests, such as those offered by 23andMe and AncestryDNA, are used as a proxy for racial identity. While prominent in popular culture, the legitimacy and implications of these tests remain contested in the scholarly literature. Some researchers have explored how the increased availability of DNA tests affects how multiracial individuals identify and disclose their racial and ethnic identities, though this exploration remains limited. As discourse about mixed race identity and ancestry tests becomes more nuanced, I argue for the utility of using diunital perspectives, an expansive lens that resists either/or thinking, to complicate conversations about ancestry tests and multiraciality. This scholarly essay integrates personal narrative and a genealogical deconstruction of monoracialism to explore the question, “How can DNA tests contribute to the unlearning of monoracialism?” I share two personal vignettes to illustrate how these tests can reveal a preference for discrete racial categories. Drawing from Critical Race Theory, strategic essentialism, and diunital perspectives, I examine how DNA tests intersect with identity, family, and monoracialism, concluding with implications for disrupting monoracial logics. Full article

The global youth mental health crisis is increasingly intertwined with climate change, as young people experience heightened climate anxiety and ecological grief. This study examines the relationship between nature connectedness, climate worry, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes among Canadian university students. Drawing on Pihkala’s process model of eco-anxiety, we propose the Developing Ecological Consciousness Model, a three-act framework that traces young people’s journey from climate awareness to meaningful engagement. Using path analysis on two independent samples (N = 1825), we found that nature connectedness predicts increased climate worry, which in turn correlates with higher levels of depression and anxiety. However, meaning-focused coping emerged as a protective factor, mitigating these negative mental health impacts. Problem-focused coping alone was insufficient, highlighting the need for balanced strategies. The study underscores the dual role of nature connectedness—both as a source of climate distress and a foundation for resilience. These findings highlight the need for interventions that foster ecological consciousness while addressing the emotional toll of climate change, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and mental health practitioners working with youth in a warming world. Full article

Interoceptive impairments are increasingly recognized as psychopathology processes underlying emotional disorders. However, their relationship with depression remains inconclusive. Alexithymia may influence the association between interoception and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine the role of alexithymia between interoception and depression. Eighty-eight depressed patients (DEPs) and fifty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Interoceptive sensibility was assessed using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, and interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive awareness were evaluated through heartbeat counting tasks. Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. In the DEP group, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale. In DEPs, none of the three dimensions of interoception were associated with depressive symptoms. The alexithymic depressed patients exhibited lower interoceptive sensibility than their non-alexithymic counterparts, while the latter did not differ from the HC group. Moreover, alexithymia mediated the link between interoceptive sensibility and depressive symptoms. These results suggested that impaired interoceptive sensibility may primarily contribute to alexithymia, which, in turn, leads to depression. This highlights the importance of addressing alexithymia in therapeutic interventions aimed at improving the interoceptive process in depressed individuals. Full article