Search Results (8,089)

Objective: This study aims to provide a global landscape of research into oral hygiene products with antimicrobial or microbiome-modulating activity through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to identify trends and hotspots that may influence future research frontiers. Methods: A structured bibliographic search was conducted within the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2006 to 2025. Manual screening was performed to exclude duplicate records, studies that did not align with the core topic, and those failing to meet the predefined inclusion criteria. Bibliometric and visual analyses were performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package ‘bibliometrix’ to evaluate production metrics, citation networks, and multi-level collaboration patterns. Results: The analysis included 1007 publications. Sreenivasan PK was the most productive author, and Lundberg JO was the most cited. The United States, followed by India, Brazil, and China, led global research volume, while the United Kingdom and the Netherlands led in total citations. The International Journal of Dental Hygiene was the most productive journal (n = 48), and the Journal of Dentistry was the most cited (n = 1356). Burgeoning research hotspots include the impact of mouthwashes on the oral microbiome and systemic disorders, the controlled clinical use of chlorhexidine, and alternative formulations incorporating probiotics, herbal extracts, or hyaluronic acid. Conclusions: This study underscores a global shift in dental research priorities from traditional bacterial elimination toward preserving oral microbiota eubiosis. While chlorhexidine remains a subject of research due to its widespread use for therapeutic benefits, bibliometric research highlights its potential systemic consequences as a hotspot. Therefore, future research should focus on innovative antimicrobial formulations for mouthwashes and toothpastes that maintain oral health without causing dysbiosis. Full article

Across the Mediterranean, most olive orchards are still rainfed and have traditionally been planted at low density on the assumption that wide spacing buffers the risk of crop failure in dry years. We tested this assumption with the process-based model OliveCan, simulating three planting densities (100, 204 and 408 trees ha⁻¹) at three contrasting sites (Córdoba, Izmir and Pisa) on shallow and deep soils under a baseline climate and two perturbations (+2 °C and −10% rainfall). Increasing density raised both yield and water productivity (WP_y, the yield-to-evapotranspiration ratio) in all studied scenarios. As density increases, soil evaporation (E_s) and runoff are reduced, and more water can be used for transpiration (E_p). Our analysis suggests that yield gains overcome E_p rises when tree density increases, resulting in a better WP_y. Deep soils out-yielded shallow ones and buffered climatic stress. Yields were robust to a moderate, evenly distributed rainfall reduction but were eroded by warming. A stability analysis showed the highest density to be the most productive across the studied site × climate scenario × simulation year × soil depth combinations, while the lowest planting density was more stable. The present work explores new possibilities for rainfed olive farmers. Fieldwork would help test the results presented here and tailor new tree densities for rainfed olive orchards. Full article

This study presents a data-driven Digital Twin framework designed for the non-invasive parameter optimization of closed-loop, factory-installed Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) systems for eco-driving without modifying electronic control unit (ECU) firmware or requiring external infrastructure. High-frequency telematics data (OBD-II and GPS) recorded from a production passenger vehicle along an 11.57 km mixed urban-suburban test corridor were used to calibrate a microscale Digital Twin in PTV Vissim based on Wiedemann 99 car-following logic. The calibrated model achieved satisfactory empirical agreement with baseline vehicle indicators (mean velocity difference of 2.84 km/h, net duration difference of 5 s, and volumetric fuel consumption difference of 0.01 L/100 km) alongside a route-level GEH traffic statistic of 2.67. An iterative, multi-criteria eco-driving search across approximately 100 simulation runs identified an optimal parameter configuration balancing energy conservation and travel time. The optimized Eco configuration reduced mean fuel consumption by 12% (from 4.91 to 4.33 L/100 km) with a 14% increase in trip duration (from 893 to 1019 s), while completely eliminating high-intensity acceleration events (>1.5 m/s²) and decreasing strong braking instances by 0.48 percentage points. The findings confirm that treating closed-source factory ACC logic as a bounded parametric search space provides a viable, non-invasive decision-support alternative to invasive, complex control architectures on standard fleet vehicles. Full article

Automotive Ethernet networks increasingly rely on SOME/IP within the AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform for service-oriented ECU communication, yet SOME/IP lacks built-in security, exposing systems to Man-in-the-Middle (MitM), replay, spoofing, and eavesdropping attacks. As of AUTOSAR Release R22-11, no standardised security profile addresses both authenticity and confidentiality for multicast SOME/IP traffic. This paper proposes a hybrid security architecture combining SecOC (CMAC-AES256, instantiated as a vendor-defined security profile) applied to the SOME/IP application Protocol Data Unit (above OSI Layer 4) with IEEE 802.1AE MACsec at the data link layer (Layer 2): SecOC provides end-to-end message authentication and replay protection, while MACsec adds hop-by-hop confidentiality and integrity, which coincides with end-to-end confidentiality only on a single-hop path. The SecOC and MACsec protocol constructions themselves are not modified; only SecOC’s parameter profile deviates from the three predefined profiles. The architecture is evaluated across ten sub-scenarios (five configurations, each tested under unicast and multicast communication; 500 iterations recorded per sub-scenario). For the Hybrid-PSK multicast configuration (Scenario 3a-B), steady-state end-to-end latency adds $27.8$ ms ($33.89$ ms versus the $6.12$ ms unsecured-multicast baseline, Scenario 1-B; both figures are measured on the identical two-VM topology using the same half-round-trip method); the worst-case measured 99th percentile of this absolute latency, across all hybrid configurations, is $40.99$ ms (Hybrid-RSA multicast, Scenario 3b-B). Of the added overhead, MACsec contributes 11.5% ($3.18$ ms), isolated by re-running the SecOC-only scenarios on the same two-VM topology used for the hybrid scenarios, and one-time RSA-2048 session establishment adds $25.2$ ms to $33.8$ ms at startup. Cross-referencing the SecOC path cost against CPU utilisation indicates that most of it is user-space integration overhead rather than cipher execution, a split not isolated by direct microbenchmark. The reported MACsec figure remains an upper bound in one respect: it reflects the Linux kernel software MACsec driver rather than a PHY-offloaded implementation. At this single quiet operating point (64-byte payload, approximately 20 messages/s, two receivers, no background load), the measured worst-case p99 leaves an approximate 9 ms margin against an assumed 50 ms soft real-time budget for ADAS and infotainment messaging; whether this margin survives realistic ECU loading, larger receiver groups, and production-stack constant factors was not evaluated. This margin is also bound to the present, unoptimised software path: because most of the SecOC path cost is user-space integration overhead rather than cipher execution, removing it is projected to widen the margin substantially, so the reported headroom characterises this prototype rather than a ceiling on the architecture. Full article

Agrivoltaic systems configure photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production within the same land space, providing a new pathway for alleviating the conflict between energy development and farmland conservation; however, array shading and structural constraints also alter crop growth and agricultural equipment operating environments. Following the PRISMA process, this review searched studies published from 2010 to 2026 in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and ultimately included 206 publications. The review focuses on array-induced environmental reconfiguration, equipment adaptation, light–thermal sensing and prediction, and coordinated agrivoltaic operation. Existing evidence indicates that the environmental effects of agrivoltaic systems are clearly influenced by climate and array configuration; in representative vertical or tracking systems, annual-scale photosynthetically active radiation decreased by approximately 11% to 34%. Mismatch among module height, row spacing, and implement width reduces field-operation efficiency, which fell to approximately 45% under severe mismatch in some experiments; elevated arrays also cause GNSS signal attenuation and increase the difficulty of continuous positioning beneath the panels. Because existing studies differ considerably in site conditions, evaluation indicators, and validation periods, the above results mainly reflect representative performance ranges. Matching criteria between photovoltaic arrays and agricultural machinery have not yet been established, long-term field-measured data in complex field environments are insufficient, model adaptability across regions is limited, and coordinated scheduling of agricultural production and photovoltaic operation and maintenance remains inadequate. Overall, coordinated design of arrays and agricultural machinery, multi-sensor fusion navigation, environmental prediction corrected for array structure, and hierarchical scheduling under safety constraints are the main development directions for intelligent coordinated operation of agrivoltaic systems. Full article

This qualitative case study explores how two elementary classrooms of predominantly Pacific Islander students (the majority of whom identified as Native Hawaiian) worked toward developing their cultural competence through participation in an interdisciplinary classroom-based learning experience focused on Hawaiian culture-based STEAM and maker learning. Over a four-unit series focused on wildfire prevention, watersheds, and traditional mo‘olelo (storytelling), students engaged in collaborative, place-based learning. Findings reveal that cultural and academic competence were fostered through three primary mechanisms: integrating ancestral storytelling as a pedagogical tool; grounding academic content in hyper-localized ecological contexts; and navigating the “productive struggle” caused by the lack of any Pacific Island cultural representation in standard digital tools like Scratch and Canva. By adapting technologies to reflect their own identities, students simultaneously advanced their digital literacies and academic skills in science and language arts while honouring their heritage. This study underscores the importance of viewing cultural and STEAM learning as concurrent, mutually reinforcing processes. Our bounded case in particular highlights the possibility of how, when educators centre culture-based learning, classrooms can become spaces of cultural reclamation while supporting necessary academic competencies, helping to bridge the gap between student identity and the compulsory educational system. Full article

Mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) increasingly relies on machine learning classifiers, but model performance may be overstated when spatial dependence, extrapolation beyond the training domain, and poorly calibrated prediction scores are not adequately addressed. This study presents a reproducible workflow for regional Au-Ag prospectivity mapping in Nevada that integrates positive–unlabeled learning with Random Forest models and spatial GroupKFold cross-validation. Predictions were restricted to the Area of Applicability (AOA), defined using the 0.95 quantile of a training-derived feature-space dissimilarity index, resulting in areal coverage of 54.331% for Ag and 73.118% for Au. Discrimination based on pooled out-of-fold (OOF) predictions was strong for both commodities (Ag: AP = 0.745, ROC-AUC = 0.908; Au: AP = 0.777, ROC-AUC = 0.912). Post hoc OOF calibration with isotonic regression reduced Brier scores and improved probability reliability within the supported prediction domain. Area-based validation showed that the highest-ranked 10% of the AOA captured 85.6% of the Ag and 84.2% of the Au pooled-OOF positives, corresponding to targeting efficiencies of 8.6-fold and 8.4-fold relative to random spatial selection. Ensemble dispersion was used to map predictive uncertainty and to identify areas where additional data may be most useful for reducing uncertainty. SHAP importance and partial-dependence diagnostics consistently highlighted proximity to Quaternary faults, elevated slip and dilation tendency, and potential-field edges associated with intrusive or volcanic contacts, while surface heat flow acted mainly as a permissive control. The resulting AOA-masked prospectivity maps, uncertainty layers, and top-k targeting products provide a transparent regional framework for prioritizing follow-up exploration and allocating reconnaissance effort. Full article

The rapid advancement of digital twin technologies has increased the importance of establishing interoperable geospatial information standards for national-scale Digital Twin implementation. The Republic of Korea has developed the National Digital Twin (NDT) standard framework based primarily on OGC CityGML 3.0. This study presents a case-study-based analysis of the development and application of the Korean NDT standards, focusing on how a geospatial standard framework can be structured and extended to support a national-scale Digital Twin. A comparative review of international initiatives indicates that existing approaches generally develop CityGML-based 3D city models as geospatial foundations and subsequently extend them toward Digital Twin applications, whereas the Korean NDT establishes a common reference framework and geospatial data models as a standardized foundation for national-scale Digital Twin implementation. The analysis examines the phased development process, the hierarchical relationship among the reference framework, core data model, and application data models, and the organization of multiple spatial domains, including Building, Transportation, Terrain, Indoor Space, and Underground. The applicability of the NDT standards was further examined through pilot dataset implementation and validation from schema, semantic, geometric, and topological perspectives. The analysis also identifies current limitations, including restricted data openness, limited software support for CityGML 3.0, and the need for further mechanisms to integrate dynamic information. Based on these findings, this study discusses future directions for NDT standardization, including model management, standardized data production and validation, dynamic information integration, and technical implementation guidance. The Korean experience provides a case for understanding both the potential and practical challenges of applying CityGML 3.0-based geospatial standards to national-scale Digital Twin initiatives. Full article

Respiratory diseases in chickens are a major concern in poultry production, as they adversely affect animal health and production efficiency. Chicken vocalizations often contain important acoustic cues associated with respiratory conditions. However, conventional sound classification methods typically rely on predefined categories, limiting their ability to capture complex acoustic patterns. To address this limitation, this study introduces an audio captioning framework for the analysis of chicken respiratory sounds and proposes a model termed FeeCLAP for generating descriptive text from chicken vocalizations. The proposed model maps acoustic signals into natural language descriptions of sound quality, rhythm, and related attributes, thereby enabling semantic-level representation of vocal patterns. Built upon the baseline EnCLAP framework, a dataset of chicken respiratory sound descriptions with medically relevant semantic styles was constructed. An Acoustic Token Adapter (ATA) module was then introduced between discrete acoustic tokens and the text encoder to enhance the temporal modeling of acoustic features. In addition, a CLAP (Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining)-aware semantic alignment mechanism was incorporated to improve consistency between acoustic representations and the semantic space. During inference, a CLAP-based similarity re-ranking strategy was further applied to improve the quality of generated descriptions. Experiments showed that FeeCLAP outperformed existing methods, achieving Consensus-based Image Description Evaluation (CIDEr), Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluation (SPICE), and SPIDEr scores of 0.423, 0.202, and 0.313, respectively, with generated descriptions approaching human-annotated references. Overall, the proposed approach demonstrated its effectiveness in generating semantic descriptions of chicken respiratory sounds under the experimental conditions used in this study. These findings suggest its potential to support respiratory health assessment in poultry; however, further validation under commercial poultry production conditions is required before the method can be considered a reliable tool for practical intelligent monitoring or early detection of respiratory abnormalities. Full article

Promoting the name ‘Gulf of America’ at the US federal level for a region historically identified as the ‘Gulf of Mexico’ transformed a local toponym into a global media controversy. This study analyzes how 110 preservice teachers from the Bachelor’s Degree in Primary Education at the University of Zaragoza interpret the political and ideological components of these mediatized discourses and explores the potential of this controversy for developing critical literacy. Employing a qualitative, interpretive, and critical research design, the students analyzed news articles, social media posts, memes, videos, and AI-generated responses following Cassany’s framework for critical comprehension. The content analysis of 132 narrative productions using ATLAS.ti version 9.0.20.0, generated 430 coding units organized into four categories: territory and identity (102); controversies and intentionality (99); power and ideology (142); and credibility and discourse impact (87). The results indicate an incipient shift from a naturalized reading of space toward its political interpretation: the students identify symbolic appropriations and power asymmetries, although tensions between multiperspectivity and relativism persist, alongside a partial attribution of neutrality to artificial intelligence. The controversy emerges as a useful educational context for incorporating the reading of territory, its names, and its representations into critical literacy. Full article

Digital computing-in-memory (DCIM) provides deterministic floating-point computation but incurs substantial area and power overhead from replicated mantissa multipliers and adder trees. This work proposes an error-recoverable BF16 DCIM arithmetic unit that jointly approximates a 2-bit multiplier and the first adder stage. For the 11 × 11 input, the multiplier outputs 0111 instead of the Baseline 1111, converting the error from +6 to −2 and fixing the product MSB to 0. This enables the first adder stage to be reduced from 4 bits to 3 bits. A lightweight flag detects the same error condition and is reused as a carry input for local compensation, avoiding a separate multi-bit correction circuit. Hierarchical design-space exploration selected the 0111 approximation with carry compensation at bit position 1. Transistor-level evaluation showed reductions of 14.81% in transistor count and 28.56% in average power relative to the Baseline. Across ResNet18, VGG16-BN, and AlexNet on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, the Proposed scheme achieved the lowest BF16-referenced Layer NRMSE and Logit NRMSE among the evaluated Baseline, DIMC-S-derived, LSAC OR+SXAFA-derived, and Proposed schemes, while the Top-1 accuracy difference relative to the Baseline remained within −0.02%p to +0.12%p. These results demonstrate an improved hardware–accuracy trade-off without retraining or data rearrangement. Full article

Paraffin-rich organic deposits in the near-wellbore zone reduce pore space, increase the skin factor, and impair oil-well productivity, and frequently recur after conventional treatment. This study develops a coupled one-dimensional radial model of thermochemical treatment in which an activated aluminum alloy reacts with formation water in the wellbore, releasing heat that propagates into the formation and melts and dissolves paraffin deposits. The model combines two-phase oil–water flow; heat transfer with latent-heat effects; eight paraffin pseudo-components in dissolved, suspended, and deposited states; temperature-dependent solid–liquid equilibrium; and wax deposition, dissolution, melting, and redistribution coupled to porosity–permeability recovery. Hydrogen is treated as a wellbore reaction byproduct that segregates upward and accumulates below the closed packer, rather than as a mobile reservoir phase, and the reaction kinetics are based on experimental hydrogen-evolution data for three activated aluminum alloys of differing reactivity. Simulations show a rapid skin-factor reduction during the reaction, followed by partial recovery to approximately 80–90% of the initial value during prolonged shut-in because of cooling, recrystallization, and redeposition. Increasing reagent amount or reactivity, initial wax-induced damage, or oil saturation enhances the predicted treatment effect, whereas reservoir type has a comparatively minor influence. Full article

The description of the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields with “basis vectors”, which are the superpositions of odd and even products of the operators ${\gamma }^a$, with the index a running in internal and external space-time, suggests in $d=2(2n+1)$-dimensions in internal space, such as $d=(13+1)$, and $d=(3+1)$ in external space-time, a unified picture of all so far observed fermions and bosons. Quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons appear in families - each family contains fermions and antifermions. Bosons—gravitons, photons, weak bosons, gluons, and scalars, which carry the spatial index $\alpha$ (for tensors and vectors $\alpha =n=$$(0,1,2,3)$ and for scalars $\alpha \ge 5$)—appear in two orthogonal groups. All fields are assumed to have non-zero momenta and angular momenta only in the $d=(3+1)$, $SO(3,1)$, of ordinary space-time. In any $d=2(2n+1)$-dimensional space, the number of internal states of fermions in all families and their Hermitian conjugate partners is equal to the number of internal states of bosons. The article presents general properties of massless fermion and boson fields and their mutual interactions in this theory, which determine the Lagrangian density of both fields and their interactions. It particularly illustrates “basis vectors” and their properties in $d=(13+1)$ and $d=(5+1)$. The article presents new results and discusses open problems with this theory. Full article

The formulation of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) in phase space offers a unique alternative to operator and path-integral paradigms, providing distinct conceptual advantages for semiclassical expansions. In this work, we present a systematic and self-consistent functional framework that maps stationary Schrodinger functional equations directly onto phase-space star-eigenvalue equations across different spin statistics. Operating within a non-manifestly covariant equal-time formalism, we derive explicit vacuum Wigner functionals for scalar, gauge, and fermionic fields, establishing the rigorous theoretical consistency of the formalism from first principles prior to phenomenological applications. We analyze how ordering prescriptions and continuous symmetries manifest under the functional star-product, including an explicit phase-space formulation of Noether’s theorem and field regularization. Finally, the framework is extended to interacting systems via a functional Rayleigh–Schrodinger perturbative scheme, illustrated explicitly through the non-trivial first-order Wigner functional correction $W^{\left(1\right)}$ and the vacuum energy correction for a ${\varphi }^4$ self-interacting theory, establishing a solid foundation for evaluating real-time quantum field dynamics. Full article

Machine-to-machine and Internet of Things endpoints operate in physically accessible environments, motivating decapsulation-path hardening against an adversary with full code access. We present PQ-WB-KEM, a feasibility study that is, to our knowledge, the first systematic exploration of the table-based white-box design space for a NIST-standardized lattice key-encapsulation mechanism (ML-KEM-768, FIPS 203); prior white-box post-quantum work targets hash-based SPHINCS+ and multivariate hidden field equations (HFE; 256 GB), while the only earlier lattice-based white-box is custom and non-standardized. Because the base multiply runs in the number-theoretic transform (NTT) domain, where the secret operand $\widehat{s}=\mathrm{NTT}\left(s\right)$ is full-range over ${\mathbb{Z}}_q$, coefficient smallness does not shrink the tables. We map the design space with two verified lookup-only constructions: a shared full multiply table (Construction A, a measured 22.16 MB base, 25.57 MB core) and per-component tables with the secret baked in (Construction B, 7.67 MB base, 11.08 MB core), with the base tables being about 11,600× (A) and 33,400× (B) smaller than the 2022 256 GB HFE white box. Three-share arithmetic masking drives the measured first-order differential computation analysis (DCA) correlation to near the noise floor (${\rho }_{\max }=0.011$, versus $0.85$ unmasked). The projected deployment overhead is ≈47×, anchored on the native-C protected primitive measured with its mask-generation random number generator (RNG) randomness included ($4.30\times$, times an ≈11× embedded cache factor); the RNG-excluded harness yields the $17\times$ lower bound. We delimit scope honestly: against the full white-box adversary this construction does not achieve key confidentiality because the base multiply forms the clear product coordinates $p_0,p_1$ before masking and these yield linear equations for the secret; every positive result holds only against strictly weaker adversaries, and the work maps the lattice white-box design space rather than delivering a fully white-box key-encapsulation mechanism. Full article