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13 pages, 530 KB  
Review
Oral Health Status in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review
by Leopoldo Mauriello, Alessandro Cuozzo, Vitolante Pezzella, Gaetano Isola, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Vincenzo Iorio-Siciliano, Luca Ramaglia and Andrea Blasi
Dent. J. 2025, 13(10), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13100455 - 3 Oct 2025
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome which often leads to progressive muscular dysfunction and therefore oral health deterioration. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate oral health status in ALS patients focusing on the importance of dental [...] Read more.
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome which often leads to progressive muscular dysfunction and therefore oral health deterioration. The aim of this scoping review is to evaluate oral health status in ALS patients focusing on the importance of dental care in improving patient’s quality of life. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until June 2025 using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms related to ALS and oral health. Studies were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on human clinical data reporting oral health outcomes in ALS. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed a high prevalence of oral complications in bulbar-onset ALS patients. Common issues included reduced tongue mobility, poor oral hygiene, sialorrhea, and decreased masticatory function were evaluated. Conclusions: Oral health impairment in ALS patients frequently contributes to systemic risks and reduced quality of life. A dental expert may play an important role in multidisciplinary care teams in terms of early diagnosis and conservative treatment of oral diseases ranging from periodontal disease to temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Personalized oral hygiene strategies and adjunctive therapies may serve as key elements in maintaining overall health and patient comfort in ALS. Therefore, the objective of the following review was to evaluate oral health complication in patients with ALS, highlighting the impact of oral care on patients’ quality of life. Full article
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12 pages, 2369 KB  
Communication
Using LLM to Identify Pillars of the Mind Within Physics Learning Materials
by Daša Červeňová and Peter Demkanin
Digital 2025, 5(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5040047 - 2 Oct 2025
Abstract
Artificial intelligence tools are quickly being applied in many areas of science, including learning sciences. Learning requires various types of thinking, sustained by distinct sets of neural networks in the brain. Labelling these systems gives us tools to manage them. This paper presents [...] Read more.
Artificial intelligence tools are quickly being applied in many areas of science, including learning sciences. Learning requires various types of thinking, sustained by distinct sets of neural networks in the brain. Labelling these systems gives us tools to manage them. This paper presents a pilot application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to physics textbook analysis, grounded in a well-developed neural network theory known as the Five Pillars of the Mind. The domain-specific networks, innate sense, and the five pillars provide a framework with which to examine how physics is learnt. For example, one can identify which pillars are active when discussing a physics concept. Identifying which pillars belong to which physics concept may be significantly influenced by the bias of the author and could be too time-consuming for longer, more complex texts involving physics concepts. Therefore, using LLMs to identify pillars could enhance the application of this framework to physics education. This article presents a case study in which we used selected Large Language Models to identify pillars within eight pages of learning material concerning forces aimed at 12- to 14-year-old pupils. We used GPT-4o and o4-mini, as well as MAXQDA AI Assist. Results from these models were compared with the authors’ manual analysis. Precision, recall, and F1-Score were used to evaluate the results quantitatively. MAXQDA AI Assist obtained the best results with 1.00 precision, 0.67 recall, and an F1-Score of 0.80. Both products by OpenAI hallucinated and falsely identified several concepts, resulting in low precision and, consequently, low F1-Score. As predicted, ChatGPT o4-mini scored twice as high as ChatGPT 4o. The method proved to be promising, and its future development has the potential to provide research teams with analysis not only of written learning material, but also of pupils’ written work and their video-recorded activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Multimedia-Based Digital Learning)
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30 pages, 1628 KB  
Systematic Review
The Interface Between Inclusion and Creativity: A Qualitative Scoping Systematic Review of Practices Developed in High School
by Mara Regina Zluhan, Shirlei de Souza Corrêa, Marlene Zwierewicz and Verónica Violant-Holz
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(10), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15101281 - 25 Sep 2025
Abstract
Inclusive education is a legal right, and its origin is linked to human rights, which has established a resonance in global movements. In this study, we analyzed inclusive pedagogical practices that favor creativity in the high school context. We chose to carry out [...] Read more.
Inclusive education is a legal right, and its origin is linked to human rights, which has established a resonance in global movements. In this study, we analyzed inclusive pedagogical practices that favor creativity in the high school context. We chose to carry out a qualitative scoping systematic review and defined the inclusion and exclusion criteria in advance to guide the team’s work. We selected articles from the Web of Science database on 14 April 2025 (registration: INPLASY202570121; (registered 30 July 2025)), and we performed a quality control check on the reporting using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We established the timeframe between 2008 and 2025 and identified 368 articles, of which 25 were chosen for this study. The data were analyzed with the support of Rayyan and VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20). The findings demonstrate a wide range of practices developed across diverse high school contexts employing multiple strategies that advance an inclusive perspective. Moreover, among these strategies, several explicitly foster creativity through varied resources, collaborative work, and the use of assistive technologies. Overall, the articles show a significant convergence around multifaceted approaches that design and implement innovative strategies to address student diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Education and Psychology)
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21 pages, 1245 KB  
Review
Improving Advanced Communication Skills Towards the Family System: A Scoping Review of Family Meeting Training in Oncology and Other Healthcare Settings
by Sara Alquati, Loredana Buonaccorso, Nuria Maria Asensio Sierra, Francesca Sassi, Francesco Venturelli, Maria Chiara Bassi, Stefano David Scialpi and Silvia Tanzi
Cancers 2025, 17(19), 3115; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17193115 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 17
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Family meetings (FMs) are clinical encounters in a structured space between the patient, family members, and care teams. Healthcare professionals (HPs) often lack formal training in conducting FMs. The scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available research evidence on [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Family meetings (FMs) are clinical encounters in a structured space between the patient, family members, and care teams. Healthcare professionals (HPs) often lack formal training in conducting FMs. The scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available research evidence on FMs’ education for HPs. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The PCC (Population-Concept-Context) framework was used to define inclusion criteria: educational intervention on FMs aimed at HPs in all settings of care and students of medicine and nursing sciences treating adult patients with oncological and non-oncological diseases. Results: The search retrieved 1017 articles, of which 26 were eligible. The training had as its primary aims the development of communication skills and curriculum development/evaluation. For the most part, palliative care physicians served as trainers, while medical students and residents represented a major part of trainees, underscoring a focus on early-career learners. FM training is mainly provided in the American countries and intensive care settings. Role-play or simulation was the most common teaching method. Pre- and post-interventional designs were the most common, with few studies incorporating longitudinal follow-up to assess skill retention. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to evaluate interventions. Conclusions: The training topics are related to advanced communication, but there is a lack of an interprofessional perspective and long-term assessment of the skills learned. It is necessary to consider different family types as subjects of communication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Social Determinants on Cancer Care)
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25 pages, 3492 KB  
Systematic Review
The Determinants of Success in One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 (T20) Cricket Matches: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Rucia V. November, Jaron Ras, Mogammad Sharhidd Taliep, Haiyan Cai, Clement Nyirenda and Lloyd L. Leach
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10341; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910341 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 196
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of success in International One Day (ODI) and Twenty20 (T20) cricket is essential for optimising team and player performance. This review aimed to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with successful outcomes in elite international ODI and T20 matches. [...] Read more.
Understanding the determinants of success in International One Day (ODI) and Twenty20 (T20) cricket is essential for optimising team and player performance. This review aimed to identify the key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with successful outcomes in elite international ODI and T20 matches. The review also examines performance analysis (PA) methods and trends across male and female cricketers. Comprehensive searches were conducted across PubMed, SPORTDiscus, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital library, Ebscohost and Web of Science, covering literature published between 2000 and the present. Studies were included if they reported on KPIs or PA techniques contributing to the success in cricket. Following a rigorous screening process, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed that most PA studies focused on distinguishing KPIs between winning and losing teams. Although video technology and statistical models are increasingly applied, relatively few investigations have incorporated contextual variables or gender-inclusive perspectives. Notably, only one study examined female cricketers, which limited the ability to draw strong conclusions on sex-specific performance differences. Furthermore, gaps remain regarding the consistent application of PA methods across formats. This review provides an overview of success determinants in international cricket and highlights the need for holistic, inclusive and ecologically valid approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Performance Analysis and Technologies for Sports)
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33 pages, 2564 KB  
Review
Between Air and Artery: A History of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Rise of Modern Cardiac Surgery
by Vasileios Leivaditis, Andreas Maniatopoulos, Francesk Mulita, Paraskevi Katsakiori, Nikolaos G. Baikoussis, Sofoklis Mitsos, Elias Liolis, Vasiliki Garantzioti, Konstantinos Tasios, Panagiotis Leventis, Nikolaos Kornaros, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Levan Tchabashvili, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos and Manfred Dahm
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(9), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12090365 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most groundbreaking medical innovations in history, enabling safe and effective heart surgery by temporarily replacing the function of the heart and lungs. This review starts with ancient concepts of cardiopulmonary function and then traces the evolution [...] Read more.
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most groundbreaking medical innovations in history, enabling safe and effective heart surgery by temporarily replacing the function of the heart and lungs. This review starts with ancient concepts of cardiopulmonary function and then traces the evolution of CPB through important physiological and anatomical discoveries, culminating in the development of the modern heart–lung machine. In addition to examining the contributions of significant figures like Galen, Ibn al-Nafis, William Harvey, and John Gibbon, we also examine the ethical and technical challenges faced in the early days of open heart surgery. Modern developments are also discussed, such as miniature extracorporeal systems, off-pump surgical techniques, and the increasing importance of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and extracorporeal life support (ECLS), while the evolving role of perfusionists in diverse cardiac teams and the variations in global access to CPB technology are also given special attention. We look at recent advancements in CPB, including customized methods, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence-guided perfusion, and organ-on-chip testing, emphasizing CPB’s enduring significance as a technological milestone and a living example of the cooperation of science, medicine, and human inventiveness because it bridges the gap between the past and the future. Full article
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32 pages, 1923 KB  
Article
Narrative-Driven Digital Gamification for Motivation and Presence: Preservice Teachers’ Experiences in a Science Education Course
by Gregorio Jiménez-Valverde, Noëlle Fabre-Mitjans and Gerard Guimerà-Ballesta
Computers 2025, 14(9), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090384 - 14 Sep 2025
Viewed by 710
Abstract
This mixed-methods study investigated how a personalized, narrative-integrated digital gamification framework (with FantasyClass) was associated with motivation and presence among preservice elementary teachers in a science education course. The intervention combined HEXAD-informed personalization (aligning game elements with player types) with a branching storyworld, [...] Read more.
This mixed-methods study investigated how a personalized, narrative-integrated digital gamification framework (with FantasyClass) was associated with motivation and presence among preservice elementary teachers in a science education course. The intervention combined HEXAD-informed personalization (aligning game elements with player types) with a branching storyworld, teacher-directed AI-generated narrative emails, and multimodal cues (visuals, music, scent) to scaffold presence alongside autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Thirty-four students participated in a one-group posttest design, completing an adapted 21-item PENS questionnaire and responding to two open-ended prompts. Results, which are exploratory and not intended for broad generalization or causal inference, indicated high self-reported competence and autonomy, positive but more variable relatedness, and strong presence/immersion. Subscale correlations showed that Competence covaried with Autonomy and Relatedness, while Presence/Immersion was positively associated with all other subscales, suggesting that presence may act as a motivational conduit. Thematic analysis portrayed students as active decision-makers within the narrative, linking consequential choices, visible progress, and team-based goals to agency, effectiveness, and social connection. Additional themes included coherence and organization, fun and enjoyment, novelty, extrinsic incentives, and perceived professional transferability. Overall, findings suggest that narrative presence, when coupled with player-aligned game elements, can foster engagement and motivation in STEM-oriented teacher education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue STEAM Literacy and Computational Thinking in the Digital Era)
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17 pages, 819 KB  
Review
Peri-Operative Nursing of Patients with Malignant Hyperthermia: A Narrative Literature Review
by Federico Ruta, Annalisa Della Monica, Francesca Dal Mas, Tatiana Bolgeo, Ippolito Notarnicola, Cataldo Procacci, Paolo Ferrara, Alice Masini, Stefano Mancin, Giovanni Cangelosi, Mauro Parozzi and Francesco Sacchini
Surgeries 2025, 6(3), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6030078 - 10 Sep 2025
Viewed by 401
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an uncommon but potentially fatal pharmacogenetic syndrome triggered by specific anesthetic agents, including certain muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetics. The clinical presentation of MH varies widely, making timely recognition challenging but essential to patient survival. Perioperative nurses [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an uncommon but potentially fatal pharmacogenetic syndrome triggered by specific anesthetic agents, including certain muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetics. The clinical presentation of MH varies widely, making timely recognition challenging but essential to patient survival. Perioperative nurses have a critical role in MH prevention, crisis recognition, and effective management. This review aimed to identify and summarize current evidence on the perioperative nursing management of MH, emphasizing preventive measures, staff education, and the adoption of innovative strategies to enhance patient outcomes. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed–Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality was ensured using the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), and the review process adhered to the PICOS framework. For transparency, the protocol has been reported to the Open Science Framework (OSF). Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The key findings underscored the vital role of perioperative nurses in conducting thorough preoperative risk assessments to identify susceptible individuals. Simulation-based training emerged as highly beneficial, improving staff preparedness, crisis recognition, teamwork, and communication skills. The integration of cognitive aids, such as emergency checklists, and the use of activated charcoal filters to rapidly reduce anesthetic gas concentrations were also highlighted as effective management strategies. Nonetheless, significant gaps in MH knowledge among nursing staff persist, indicating the need for ongoing education and training. Conclusions: Effective management of MH critically depends on comprehensive nurse-led assessments, regular simulation drills, and continuous staff education. The adoption of cognitive aids and activated charcoal filters further enhances crisis response capabilities. Future research should continue to explore innovative training methods and strategies to mitigate knowledge deficits among perioperative nursing teams. Full article
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17 pages, 634 KB  
Systematic Review
Minimally Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence on Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Approaches
by Baglan Turtabayev, Seitkhan Joshibayev, Umit Kervan, Samat Zharmenov, Yerbol Ustemirov, Almas Begdildayev and Gali Iskakbayev
Med. Sci. 2025, 13(3), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci13030173 - 4 Sep 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Minimally invasive cardiac surgical (MICS) approaches to the implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have gained increasing interest as alternatives to full median sternotomy (FS), particularly in patients with prior cardiac surgeries or elevated surgical risk. However, evidence regarding their safety, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Minimally invasive cardiac surgical (MICS) approaches to the implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have gained increasing interest as alternatives to full median sternotomy (FS), particularly in patients with prior cardiac surgeries or elevated surgical risk. However, evidence regarding their safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes remains fragmented. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive techniques for LVAD implantation in comparison to standard sternotomy, with a focus on mortality, perioperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and infection rates. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to 1 January 2025. Studies were included if they reported on adult patients undergoing LVAD implantation via minimally invasive thoracotomy or sternotomy-sparing approaches, with or without comparator groups. Data were extracted and synthesized qualitatively; the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied to assess the methodological quality of the included cohort and retrospective comparative studies. Results: A total of 12 studies involving 1448 patients were included (584 received MICS and 862 received FS). MICS techniques have demonstrated comparable short and mid-term survival outcomes, with trends toward reduced ICU stay, fewer reoperations for bleeding, and lower incidence of driveline infections. Some studies reported longer operative and cardiopulmonary bypass times in the MICS group. Among high-risk cohorts, such as patients with prior sternotomies or significant comorbidities, MICS was associated with lower morbidity and acceptable safety profiles. However, heterogeneity in patient selection, surgical protocols, and outcome definitions limited quantitative synthesis. Conclusions: Minimally invasive LVAD implantation is a viable alternative to conventional sternotomy in selected patient populations. While current data suggest favorable perioperative outcomes and equivalent survival, high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm long-term benefits and to guide patient selection. MICS approaches should be considered within multidisciplinary teams experienced in advanced heart failure surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiovascular Disease)
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21 pages, 360 KB  
Article
The Symmetry of Interdependence in Human–AI Teams and the Limits of Classical Team Science
by William Lawless
AppliedMath 2025, 5(3), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedmath5030114 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Our research goal is to provide the mathematical guidance to enable any combination of “intelligent” machines, artificial intelligence (AI) and humans to be able to interact with each other in roles that form the structure of a team interdependently performing a team’s tasks. [...] Read more.
Our research goal is to provide the mathematical guidance to enable any combination of “intelligent” machines, artificial intelligence (AI) and humans to be able to interact with each other in roles that form the structure of a team interdependently performing a team’s tasks. Our quantum-like model, representing one of the few, if only, mathematical models of interdependence, captures the tradeoffs in energy expenditures a team chooses as it consumes its available energy on its structure versus its performance, measured by the uncertainty (entropy) relationship generated. Here, we outline the support for our quantum-like model of uncertainty relations, our goals in this study, and our future plans: (i) Redundancy reduces interdependence. This first finding confirms the existence of interdependence in systems, both large and small. (ii) Teams with orthogonal roles perform best. This second finding is the root cause of humans, including scientists, being unable to appreciate the role of interdependence in “squeezing” states of teams. (iii) Cognitive reports may not equal behavior. The last finding allows us to tie our research together and to account for the absence of social scientists from leading the mathematical science of teams. In this article, we review the need for a mathematics for the future of team operations, the literature, the mathematics in our model of agents with full agency (viz., intelligent and interdependent), our hypothesis that freely organized teams enjoy significant advantages over command decision-making (CDM) systems, and results from the field. We close with future plans and a generalization about squeezing states to control interdependent systems. Full article
13 pages, 1405 KB  
Article
Evaluating Machine Learning-Based Classification of Human Locomotor Activities for Exoskeleton Control Using Inertial Measurement Unit and Pressure Insole Data
by Tom Wilson, Samuel Wisdish, Josh Osofa and Dominic J. Farris
Sensors 2025, 25(17), 5365; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175365 - 29 Aug 2025
Viewed by 571
Abstract
Classifying human locomotor activities from wearable sensor data is an important high-level component of control schemes for many wearable robotic exoskeletons. In this study, we evaluated three machine learning models for classifying activity type (walking, running, jumping), speed, and surface incline using input [...] Read more.
Classifying human locomotor activities from wearable sensor data is an important high-level component of control schemes for many wearable robotic exoskeletons. In this study, we evaluated three machine learning models for classifying activity type (walking, running, jumping), speed, and surface incline using input data from body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) and e-textile insole pressure sensors. The IMUs were positioned on segments of the lower limb and pelvis during lab-based data collection from 16 healthy participants (11 men, 5 women), who walked and ran on a treadmill at a range of preset speeds and inclines. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LGBM) models were trained, tuned, and scored on a validation data set (n = 14), and then evaluated on a test set (n = 2). The LGBM model consistently outperformed the other two, predicting activity and speed well, but not incline. Further analysis showed that LGBM performed equally well with data from a limited number of IMUs, and that speed prediction was challenged by inclusion of abnormally fast walking and slow running trials. Gyroscope data was most important to model performance. Overall, LGBM models show promise for implementing locomotor activity prediction from lower-limb-mounted IMU data recorded at different anatomical locations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Wearables)
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16 pages, 472 KB  
Review
Interventions to Promote Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review
by Laura Torres-Collado, Carolina Ojeda-Belokon, Gema Moreno-Morente, Verónica Company-Devesa, Laura-María Compañ-Gabucio and Manuela García-de-la-Hera
Nutrients 2025, 17(17), 2747; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17172747 - 25 Aug 2025
Viewed by 799
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) frequently present with feeding challenges that can lead to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, which can increase their risk of nutritional deficiencies and related health issues. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the main [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) frequently present with feeding challenges that can lead to inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, which can increase their risk of nutritional deficiencies and related health issues. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the main interventions focused on promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in children with NDDs. Methods: Two authors carried out a search strategy in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO using the following terms: “autism OR autistic OR asperger OR rett OR pervasive OR disintegrative OR ‘neurodevelopmental disorder’ OR ‘attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity’”; and the outcome (O): “fruit OR vegetable”. We included all randomized or non-randomized studies, published in English or Spanish, which assessed children’s fruit and vegetable consumption. Results: We included seven articles that applied different interventions, such as a mobile health and behavioral modification program (n = 1), repeated food exposure programs (n = 2), a play-based program with parental training (n = 1); the implementation of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (n = 1); an intensive interdisciplinary mealtime behavioral treatment (n = 1); and restrictive diets (n = 1). Conclusions: Parent-led behavior changes supported by multidisciplinary teams using play, positive reinforcement, and food modification strategies were the main interventions used to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in children with NDDs. This review supports designing evidence-based approaches to improve feeding challenges in this population. Full article
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20 pages, 538 KB  
Communication
Who Comes First and Who Gets Cited? A 25-Year Multi-Model Analysis of First-Author Gender Effects in Web of Science Economics
by Daniela-Emanuela Dănăcică
Stats 2025, 8(3), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/stats8030075 - 24 Aug 2025
Viewed by 447
Abstract
The aim of this research is to provide a 25-year multi-model analysis of gender dynamics in economics articles that include at least one Romanian-affiliated author, published in Web of Science journals between 2000 and 2025 (2025 records current as of 15 May 2025). [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is to provide a 25-year multi-model analysis of gender dynamics in economics articles that include at least one Romanian-affiliated author, published in Web of Science journals between 2000 and 2025 (2025 records current as of 15 May 2025). Drawing on 4030 papers, we map the bibliometric gender gap by examining first-author status, collaboration patterns, research topics and citation impact. The results show that the female-to-male first-author ratio for Romanian-affiliated publications is close to parity, in sharp contrast to the pronounced under-representation of women among foreign-affiliated first authors. Combining negative binomial, journal fixed-effects Poisson, quantile regressions with a text-based topic analysis, we find no systematic or robust gender penalty in citations once structural and topical factors are controlled for. The initial gender gap largely reflects men’s over-representation in higher-impact journals rather than an intrinsic bias against women’s work. Team size consistently emerges as the strongest predictor of citations, and, by extension, scientific visibility. Our findings offer valuable insights into gender dynamics in a semi-peripheral scientific system, highlighting the nuanced interplay between institutional context, research practices, legislation and academic recognition. Full article
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24 pages, 1116 KB  
Review
Unveiling the Dark Side of Negative Behaviors Among Nurses and Their Implications in Workforce Well-Being and Patient Care: A Scoping Review
by Nuno Santos, Rita Barahona, Paulo Cruchinho and Elisabete Nunes
Healthcare 2025, 13(16), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13162079 - 21 Aug 2025
Viewed by 939
Abstract
Introduction: Negative behaviors in nursing undermine well-being, erode team cohesion, and jeopardize patient safety. Rooted in systemic stressors—workload, emotional strain, and power imbalances—they have far-reaching effects on job satisfaction and care quality. Objective: To systematically map the scientific evidence on negative [...] Read more.
Introduction: Negative behaviors in nursing undermine well-being, erode team cohesion, and jeopardize patient safety. Rooted in systemic stressors—workload, emotional strain, and power imbalances—they have far-reaching effects on job satisfaction and care quality. Objective: To systematically map the scientific evidence on negative behaviors among nurses in healthcare organizations. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using five databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and RCAAP (for grey literature). The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and synthesis. Results: Eighteen studies published between 2017 and 2024 met inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 88 references. Eleven thematic domains emerged: (1) the cycle of violence; (2) victims profile; (3) perpetrator profile; (4) negative behaviors spectrum; (5) negative behaviors prevalence; (6) risk predictors; (7) protective predictors; (8) impact of negative behaviors on nurses; (9) impact of negative behaviors on patients; (10) impact of negative behaviors on healthcare organizations; (11) organizational strategies and the role of the nurse managers. Conclusions: The findings highlight the multidimensional nature of negative behaviors and the variability in how they are defined and assessed. This review highlights the need for conceptual clarity and standardized tools to address negative behaviors in nursing. Nurse managers, as key organizational agents, play a critical role in fostering psychological safety, promoting ethical leadership, and ensuring accountability. System-level strategies that align leadership with organizational values are essential to protect workforce well-being and safeguard patient care. Full article
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21 pages, 410 KB  
Systematic Review
Parental Psychological Response to Prenatal Congenital Heart Defect Diagnosis
by Cristina Tecar, Lacramioara Eliza Chiperi and Dafin Fior Muresanu
Children 2025, 12(8), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081095 - 20 Aug 2025
Viewed by 456
Abstract
Background: This systematic review aims to summarize the most recent data from the literature on the psychological aspects of parents of children prenatally diagnosed with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on the psychological [...] Read more.
Background: This systematic review aims to summarize the most recent data from the literature on the psychological aspects of parents of children prenatally diagnosed with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on the psychological issues faced by parents of children prenatally diagnosed with CHD. Searches were performed in multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Science direct, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Clarivate, to ensure the broad coverage of the literature. The search was limited to studies published up until February 2025. The search strategy included the following terms and combinations: “congenital heart defect” OR “CHD” AND “prenatal diagnosis” AND “psychological impact” OR “parental distress” OR “coping”. Results: Eighteen studies involving the 673 parents of fetuses diagnosed with congenital heart defects were included. Studies spanned four continents and employed both qualitative (n = 14) and quantitative (n = 4) designs. Key psychological outcomes reported were anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress, coping strategies, maternal–fetal attachment, and life satisfaction. Anxiety and depression were the most frequent issues, with maternal anxiety reaching 65% and depression up to 45.7%. Stress related to diagnostic uncertainty was common. While some parents used adaptive coping (social support, emotional regulation), others experienced maladaptive patterns such as avoidance. One study reported increased maternal–fetal attachment following prenatal CHD diagnosis. Predictors of psychological distress included time of diagnosis, parental gender, education level, social support, and severity of the defect. Recommended interventions included early psychological screening, empathetic communication, structured counseling, and long-term emotional support. Despite heterogeneity in design and moderate overall bias, findings highlight a consistent psychological burden among parents, underscoring the need for integrated psychosocial care following a prenatal CHD diagnosis. Conclusions: Parents whose children have been prenatally diagnosed with a congenital heart defect are at an increased risk for psychological distress. To improve the quality of care, a multidisciplinary team is needed to provide parents with the necessary information on diagnosis, interventions, and potential outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Cardiology)
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