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Search Results (276)

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Keywords = surgical-efficacy testing

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22 pages, 2245 KB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin with and Without Microneedling in Periodontal Regeneration: A Prospective Split-Mouth Clinical Study
by Iulia Muntean, Alexandra Roi, Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean and Laura-Cristina Rusu
Biomedicines 2026, 14(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14010135 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 372
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that often progresses to irreversible tissue destruction. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a combined minimally invasive periodontal therapeutic protocol scaling and root planing (SRP) with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that often progresses to irreversible tissue destruction. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a combined minimally invasive periodontal therapeutic protocol scaling and root planing (SRP) with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) and microneedling (MN) compared to conventional SRP with i-PRF alone in patients with stage II–III periodontitis. Methods: A prospective split-mouth clinical study was conducted on 54 patients diagnosed according to the 2018 EFP/AAP classification. Each participant received SRP + i-PRF in the upper arch (control) and SRP + i-PRF + MN in the lower arch (test). Periodontal parameters clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction. Results: Both treatment protocols produced significant longitudinal improvements in CAL, BOP, and PI (p < 0.001). The most pronounced BOP reduction occurred within the first month, while CAL improvement was progressive and stabilized after six months. The Combined protocol achieved slightly greater CAL gain at 6 months (mean difference ≈ 0.46 mm; p = 0.0013), indicating a modest yet statistically significant advantage in attachment recovery. Correlation analyses confirmed a coherent healing trajectory characterized by early inflammation resolution, plaque control, and later tissue stabilization. Conclusions: Both i-PRF-based regenerative approaches significantly improved periodontal parameters. The addition of MN enhanced CAL recovery and may favor early vascularization and collagen remodeling. Although the clinical difference was limited, the biological plausibility and sustained improvement suggest that MN could represent a valuable adjunct to non-surgical regenerative periodontal therapy. Longer-term studies are warranted to assess the durability of these effects. Full article
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13 pages, 2151 KB  
Article
Infrared Thermal Imaging as a Predictor of Lumbar Paravertebral Block Effectiveness in Cattle
by Jaime Viscasillas, Elsa Rave, Ariel Cañón-Pérez, María De Los Reyes Marti-Scharfhausen, Eva Zoe Hernández-Magaña, Agustín Martínez, José Ignacio Redondo and Angel García-Muñoz
Animals 2026, 16(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16010127 - 2 Jan 2026
Viewed by 558
Abstract
In the daily clinical practice of cattle, the use of locoregional anaesthesia is needed to provide analgesia during standing surgical procedures. It is important to ensure the success of the blockade before starting the surgery. One of the most used techniques is the [...] Read more.
In the daily clinical practice of cattle, the use of locoregional anaesthesia is needed to provide analgesia during standing surgical procedures. It is important to ensure the success of the blockade before starting the surgery. One of the most used techniques is the paravertebral lumbar block. In this pilot study we evaluated the efficacy of thermography in assessing this block. For this matter, 12 cows from our university research and teaching farm, with similar characteristics, were included and in which an ultrasound-guided technique of lumbar paravertebral block (T13/L1) or (L1/L2) with lidocaine was performed. Thermal photographs were taken with a FLIR® One camera at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min and at the same time a test to evaluate the response to a painful stimulus was performed in each dermatome (T13, L1, L2 and L3). The data was collected in predesigned cards and placed in the Excel programme for further statistical analysis with the R programme. The analysis determined a correlation between the increase in skin temperature of the dermatomes that had been blocked and the increase in skin temperature and the negative response to the painful stimulus test. Although the pilot study has some limitations, this allows us to assess the use of thermography as an efficient method for assessing the success of lumbar paravertebral blockade in cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anaesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals—Second Edition)
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16 pages, 3008 KB  
Article
Dual-Wavelength 980 nm and 1550 nm Laser Therapy Accelerates Alveolar Socket Healing After Tooth Extraction
by Dinislam Davletshin, Aglaya Kazumova, Alexey Fayzullin, Nune Vartanova, Peter Timashev, Andronik Poddubikov, Svetlana Tarasenko, Pavel Kryuchko, Ivan Klenkov, Petr Panyushkin, Mikhail Nelipa, Marina Skachkova and Ekaterina Diachkova
Dent. J. 2026, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14010017 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alveolitis, or “dry socket,” is a common complication after tooth extraction, associated with pain, inflammation and delayed healing. Standard surgical treatments are often invasive and insufficient. Laser therapy offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alveolitis, or “dry socket,” is a common complication after tooth extraction, associated with pain, inflammation and delayed healing. Standard surgical treatments are often invasive and insufficient. Laser therapy offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 980 nm monolaser therapy and 980 nm and 1550 nm dual-wavelength therapy on alveolar socket healing in a rabbit model. Methods: In vitro tests evaluated bactericidal effects of 980 nm laser exposure. Eighteen adult male chinchilla rabbits underwent the extraction of the first incisors with the prevention of clot formation to model alveolar socket healing. On day 3, animals were randomized to three groups: mechanical curettage and antiseptic irrigation, 980 nm diode laser therapy, or combined 980 nm + 1550 nm therapy. Clinical parameters (hyperemia, edema, pain, socket closure) were assessed up to day 7. Histological and microbiological analyses were performed on days 7 and 12. Results: Laser therapy showed superior outcomes compared to mechanical treatment. In vitro, 980 nm exposure eradicated microorganisms after 3 s. By day 7, hyperemia decreased to 0.7 ± 0.6 points in the dual-laser group, versus 2.0 ± 0.0 (980 nm) and 3.0 ± 0.0 (mechanical). Complete socket closure occurred in 33% with mechanical treatment and in 67% of sites in the dual-laser group. Pain was fully resolved only after dual-laser therapy. Histology confirmed more organized granulation tissue and angiogenesis in the dual-laser group. Conclusions: Dual-wavelength laser therapy demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and regenerative effects compared with diode monotherapy and mechanical treatment. These findings highlight its promise as a minimally invasive approach for managing alveolitis, warranting further clinical evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photobiomodulation Research and Applications in Dentistry)
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11 pages, 2767 KB  
Article
Preoperative Halo Traction Versus Direct Posterior Fusion in Severe Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Comparative Study
by Mihai Bogdan Popescu, Harun Marie, Alexandru Ulici, Sebastian Nicolae Ionescu, Mihai Codrut Dragomirescu, Cristiana Popescu and Alexandru Herdea
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010142 - 24 Dec 2025
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative halo-gravity traction (HGT) on surgical outcomes in adolescents with severe idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), comparing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) performed with versus without traction in terms of curve correction, complication rates, and overall surgical [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative halo-gravity traction (HGT) on surgical outcomes in adolescents with severe idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), comparing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) performed with versus without traction in terms of curve correction, complication rates, and overall surgical efficacy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 46 adolescents (mean age 14.6 ± 1.9 years) with severe AIS (Cobb > 65°) treated at a single tertiary center between 2011 and 2024. Sixteen patients underwent primary PSF, and 30 received preoperative HGT followed by PSF. Radiographic parameters—including Cobb angle and Risser grade—were analyzed pre- and postoperatively. Statistical tests (t-test, Mann–Whitney U, and multivariable linear regression) assessed differences in correction and predictors of outcome, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (mean preoperative Cobb: 83.6° ± 11.2° vs. 83.1° ± 15.6°, p = 0.91). The traction cohort achieved significantly smaller postoperative Cobb angles (30.9° ± 7.8° vs. 42.7° ± 18.9°, p = 0.027), greater absolute correction (52.7° ± 7.4° vs. 40.4° ± 10.5°, p < 0.001), and higher percentage correction (63.3% ± 6.7% vs. 50.0% ± 14.0%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis confirmed HGT as an independent predictor of improved correction (+14.6%, 95% CI +6.9–22.3%, p = 0.00047). No neurological or major complications occurred, and most correction was achieved within the first three weeks of traction. Conclusions: Preoperative halo-gravity traction significantly enhances deformity correction and surgical safety in severe AIS without added morbidity. Most benefit occurs within 21 days, supporting shorter, standardized traction protocols. HGT remains a valuable adjunct for optimizing outcomes in rigid scoliosis prior to posterior spinal fusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)
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16 pages, 281 KB  
Article
Perceived Perioperative Competence, Self-Efficacy, and Job Burnout Among Chinese Operating Room Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Yaqin Li, Weihao Kong and Lingli Li
Healthcare 2025, 13(24), 3218; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13243218 - 9 Dec 2025
Viewed by 579
Abstract
Background: To ensure smooth surgical procedures, patient safety, and quality of perioperative care, perceived perioperative competence (PPC) is a daily and urgent requirement for operating room (OR) nurses. Understanding the status of PPC among OR nurses and its associated factors is essential [...] Read more.
Background: To ensure smooth surgical procedures, patient safety, and quality of perioperative care, perceived perioperative competence (PPC) is a daily and urgent requirement for operating room (OR) nurses. Understanding the status of PPC among OR nurses and its associated factors is essential for OR nurses/people in charge/researchers to pinpoint weaknesses and formulate interventions. Therefore, we aim to investigate the status of PPC and its associated factors. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between PPC, self-efficacy, and job burnout among OR nurses. Methods: Tertiary-A hospitals in various districts of Chengdu, China, were recruited using a stratified convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was then administered to OR nurses in the selected hospitals. Data analysis included descriptive analysis, T-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. Results: A survey of 640 OR nurses across 18 hospitals (with a 98.00% valid response rate) revealed an average PPC score of 3.66 ± 1.12/124.55 ± 26.54. Marital status, OR specialty education, and age significantly influenced PPC levels (p < 0.05). Self-efficacy was positively correlated with PPC, while job burnout was negatively correlated with PPC. Self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between these two variables. Conclusions: The performances of PPC among Chinese OR nurses were acceptable. Marital status, OR specialty education, and age significantly influenced PPC levels. Self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship between job burnout and PPC. Full article
18 pages, 876 KB  
Review
Personalized Perioperative Opioid Strategies in Children: Focus on Methadone, Pharmacogenomics and Prevention of Persistent Postoperative Opioid Use
by Hamsa Priya Bhuchakra, Sennaraj Balasubramanian, Alivia G. Nair, Isabella Marcos, Victoria Chen Falconett, Dominic Falcon, Ayesha Abdul Bari and Senthilkumar Sadhasivam
Children 2025, 12(12), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12121660 - 7 Dec 2025
Viewed by 658
Abstract
Persistent postoperative opioid use (PPOU) is an emerging challenge in pediatric perioperative care, with rates as high as 4.7% in opioid-naive adolescents. Despite advances in multimodal analgesia, current protocols often fail to prevent long-term opioid exposure, particularly after high-risk surgeries such as spinal [...] Read more.
Persistent postoperative opioid use (PPOU) is an emerging challenge in pediatric perioperative care, with rates as high as 4.7% in opioid-naive adolescents. Despite advances in multimodal analgesia, current protocols often fail to prevent long-term opioid exposure, particularly after high-risk surgeries such as spinal fusions. While multiple strategies exist to reduce PPOU in children, including regional anesthesia and non-opioid analgesics, this review specifically focuses on methadone and pharmacogenomic-guided opioid prescribing as promising approaches. Methadone, a long-acting opioid with mu-opioid agonism, NMDA antagonism, and monoamine reuptake inhibition, has shown encouraging outcomes in adult and emerging pediatric studies but remains underutilized due to concerns over safety, variability, and familiarity. This narrative review explores the intersection of methadone pharmacology, pharmacogenomic (PGx)-guided opioid prescribing, and their potential to reduce PPOU and optimize perioperative pain control in children. We examine methadone’s unique pharmacokinetic profile, extended half-life, and ability to reduce central sensitization and opioid tolerance. Data from pediatric trials in cardiac, spinal, and major abdominal surgeries are reviewed, highlighting methadone’s potential to lower total opioid use, stabilize postoperative pain trajectories, and improve recovery. The review also discusses the role of PGx testing, particularly CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT2B7, and OPRM1 variants, in tailoring methadone dosing to individual metabolic profiles, reducing adverse effects, and improving analgesic efficacy. There are no well accepted generalizable perioperative methadone dose, number of doses and dosing intervals due to limited large multicenter studies in children. We outline challenges, including QTc prolongation, dosing variability, lack of pediatric-specific PGx guidelines, and ethical considerations around genetic testing in minors. The review calls for multidisciplinary perioperative teams, expanded PGx implementation, and real-world data from registries and AI-integrated models to support precision opioid strategies. Preventing PPOU in children is critical. Integration of methadone-based multimodal analgesia in high-risk painful in-patient procedures and future integration of PGx represent positive steps toward personalized, effective, and safer pain management in pediatric surgical patients, an urgent need as opioid stewardship becomes a clinical and public health imperative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Palliative Care)
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10 pages, 3128 KB  
Case Report
Cefiderocol as a Successful Therapy for Osteomyelitis Due to XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Alice Mulè, Anna Cambianica, Alberto Matteelli, Silvia Lorenzotti, Angelica Lenzi, Francesco Rossini, Alessio Sollima, Susanna Capone and Francesco Castelli
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121199 - 28 Nov 2025
Viewed by 583
Abstract
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a growing public health issue. Cefiderocol demonstrated activity against β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). However, bone PharmacoKinetics (PK) data is lacking. Here, we report a case of post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis caused by extensively [...] Read more.
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a growing public health issue. Cefiderocol demonstrated activity against β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). However, bone PharmacoKinetics (PK) data is lacking. Here, we report a case of post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was successfully treated with cefiderocol. Moreover, we conducted a non-systematic review of the available literature. Case Report: We described the case of a 64-year-old man who was admitted to a traumatology ward after a work accident caused crushing of his left foot. Microbiological tests on intraoperative biopsies demonstrated XDR P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca. Despite the administrations of different antibiotics regimens and multiple surgical revisions, the patient developed chronic osteomyelitis. To prevent amputation, cefiderocol was prescribed for six weeks, resulting in a complete clinical resolution of osteomyelitis. Review of the Literature: We performed a non-systematic review of the literature searching the public databases PubMed and Google Scholar. We identified nine case reports. In most patients (60%) the cause of osteomyelitis was post-surgical, and all the reported cases were healthcare associated. Osteomyelitis treatment required both antimicrobial therapy and surgery in all the cases described. Cefiderocol was often prescribed in association with other antibiotics (70%). Clinical cure was described in all the reported cases. Conclusions: This study highlights that cefiderocol is safe and efficacious to treat osteomyelitis caused by carbapenem-resistant GNB. However, evidence is limited to a few case reports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ESKAPE and MDRO Pathogens: Infections and Antimicrobial Treatment)
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15 pages, 2253 KB  
Article
A Novel Modification of Anconeus Muscle Flap for Extensor Digitorum Communis-Selective Lateral Epicondylitis: Preliminary Clinical Study
by Ignazio Marcoccio, Jacopo Maffeis, Pasquale Gravina, Carolina Civitenga and Andrea Gervasio
Surgeries 2025, 6(4), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/surgeries6040105 - 25 Nov 2025
Viewed by 566
Abstract
Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) typically affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon, while isolated degeneration of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) origin is rare and poorly characterized. Surgical debridement of these lesions may result in capsular exposure requiring soft-tissue coverage, which can [...] Read more.
Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) typically affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon, while isolated degeneration of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) origin is rare and poorly characterized. Surgical debridement of these lesions may result in capsular exposure requiring soft-tissue coverage, which can be achieved through a vascularized muscle flap to enhance tendon healing potential and reduce recurrence. This study aimed to describe a modification of the anconeus rotation flap as originally described by Almquist in 1998, and to evaluate its clinical and functional outcomes in patients with isolated EDC tendinopathy. The modified technique consists of a simpler muscle advancement (AMA) that preserves the distal vascular pedicle and reduces soft-tissue dissection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 12 consecutive patients with lateral epicondylitis with isolated EDC tendon involvement (10.71% of all operative cases at our Institution between 2019 and 2022), who were surgically treated with the anconeus muscle advancement modification. Clinical outcomes, including the visual analog pain scale (VAS), grip strength and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which include the QuickDASH score, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) score were assessed. Paired statistical tests with 95% confidence intervals and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds were applied. Results: At a mean follow-up of 38 months, all outcomes demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements (p < 0.05). Reductions in pain/disability (VAS, QuickDASH, PRTEE scores) and functional gains (Grip strength, MEPS) far exceeded their respective MCID thresholds, with 100% attainment for each outcome. Conclusions: This modified anconeus muscle advancement appears to be a technically feasible option for managing isolated EDC-related lateral epicondylitis, preserving vascular integrity while limiting dissection. Although favorable results were obtained, the small retrospective cohort precludes definitive conclusions regarding efficacy. The findings support the technical feasibility of the proposed modification and warrant further prospective comparative investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Hand Surgery and Research)
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19 pages, 1379 KB  
Systematic Review
Integrating Surgery and Ablative Therapies for the Management of Multiple Primary Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Zhenghao Dong, Cheng Shen, Jingwen Zhang, Jian Zhou, Xiang Lin, Beinuo Wang and Hu Liao
Cancers 2025, 17(22), 3699; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17223699 - 19 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 883
Abstract
Background: Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) presents clinical challenges due to its biological complexity. While lobectomy remains standard, limited resection and localized ablation offer comparable efficacy. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of combining surgical and ablative therapies for MPLC. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) presents clinical challenges due to its biological complexity. While lobectomy remains standard, limited resection and localized ablation offer comparable efficacy. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of combining surgical and ablative therapies for MPLC. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2000–2025) identified studies involving MPLC patients treated with both surgery and ablation, either concurrently or sequentially. Data on ablation efficacy, adverse events, and prognosis were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed when data pooling was appropriate. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the MINORS and ROBINS-I tools. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger’s linear regression test. Furthermore, one case report on combination therapy was also included. Results: A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. All reported a 100% technical success rate for ablation, efficacy rates exceeding 70%, and adverse event rates ranging from 5.0% to 26.7%. Due to significant heterogeneity among studies, a random-effects model was applied. The meta-analysis yielded a pooled ablation efficacy rate of 97.11% (95% CI: 85.81–100.00%) and a pooled adverse event rate of 14.23% (95% CI: 8.07–20.38%), indicating favorable safety and efficacy of the combined therapy. Conclusions: The integration of surgical and ablative therapies offers a safe and effective strategy for managing MPLC and supports a potential paradigm shift from single-modality treatment toward a more personalized, organ-preserving, and patient-centered approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment Strategies)
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13 pages, 2281 KB  
Article
Intraoperative Platelet-Rich Plasma Application Improves Scar Healing After Cesarean Section: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
by Ana-Maria Brezeanu, Dragoș Brezeanu, Simona Stase, Sergiu Chirila and Vlad-Iustin Tica
Healthcare 2025, 13(22), 2905; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222905 - 14 Nov 2025
Viewed by 739
Abstract
Background: Cesarean delivery is a frequent surgical procedure associated with postoperative scarring, which may impact both the aesthetic and functional recovery of patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a concentration of autologous platelets containing bioactive growth factors, has shown promising effects in promoting wound healing [...] Read more.
Background: Cesarean delivery is a frequent surgical procedure associated with postoperative scarring, which may impact both the aesthetic and functional recovery of patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a concentration of autologous platelets containing bioactive growth factors, has shown promising effects in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, its efficacy in enhancing cesarean wound healing remains underexplored. Methods: This single-arm prospective observational study included 50 patients undergoing cesarean section who received intraoperative PRP in two stages: 5 mL applied before hysterorrhaphy and 5 mL injected subcutaneously before skin closure. Scars were assessed at 7 and 40 days using six validated scales (Manchester, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), Vancouver, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation). Hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count, and platelet count) were monitored to correlate systemic inflammatory response and healing progression. Statistical analysis included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Pearson correlation. Results: Mean scar scores improved significantly from 8.88 ± 2.13 at day 7 to 6.46 ± 1.23 at day 40 (p < 0.001). Hematological parameters improved between day 7 and day 40, reflecting the expected course of postoperative recovery; these were considered secondary outcomes. Exploratory analyses revealed correlations between hemoglobin and POSAS (r = 0.42, p < 0.05), leukocyte count and REEDA (r = 0.68, p < 0.01), and platelet count and POSAS (r = −0.48, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Intraoperative PRP administration significantly enhanced postoperative scar healing after cesarean delivery and was associated with reduced inflammation and improved hematological recovery. These findings support the use of PRP as an adjunctive regenerative therapy in obstetric surgery. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate efficacy of the intervention, and moreover long-term outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Women’s and Children’s Health)
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10 pages, 940 KB  
Article
Low-Level Laser Therapy in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Prospective Single-Arm Observational Study
by Raissa Dias Fares, Jonathan Ribeiro da Silva, Sylvio Luiz Costa De-Moraes, Jose Mauro Granjeiro and Monica Diuana Calasans-Maia
Dent. J. 2025, 13(11), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13110532 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 737
Abstract
Background: Surgical management of trauma in the maxillofacial complex can result in iatrogenic nerve injuries, particularly involving the infraorbital, inferior alveolar, and mental nerves. Paresthesia is a common postoperative complication, often attributed to the anatomical positioning of these nerve structures, making them vulnerable [...] Read more.
Background: Surgical management of trauma in the maxillofacial complex can result in iatrogenic nerve injuries, particularly involving the infraorbital, inferior alveolar, and mental nerves. Paresthesia is a common postoperative complication, often attributed to the anatomical positioning of these nerve structures, making them vulnerable to injury. Among current therapeutic options for nerve injuries, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown promising results in published studies. Objectives: This prospective observational study evaluated the effects of LLLT on nerve recovery following maxillofacial trauma surgery. Methods: A total of 21 participants, with a median age of 35 years and no gender-based selection criteria, were enrolled. Cases included zygomaticomaxillary complex and mandibular osteosynthesis; analyses were within-subject across time. Postoperative laser therapy was administered to both groups using the DUO MMO device (MMOptics, São Carlos, Brazil), delivering infrared light along the pathways of the inferior alveolar, infraorbital, and mental nerves. Nerve function was assessed regularly using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Brush Stroke Direction (BSD) test to evaluate sensory recovery. Results: Compared with baseline (15 days post-op, pre-LLLT), VAS scores showed significant reductions at sessions 7 and 10, and BSD responses increased over time. Conclusion: After multiplicity control, only the session 10 comparison remained significant. These observational findings support the feasibility of multi-session LLLT after maxillofacial trauma; controlled trials are warranted to determine efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Dentistry: The Current Status and Developments)
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11 pages, 295 KB  
Article
Aerobic Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Odontogenic Infections: A One-Year Observational Study from Southwestern Romania
by Horatiu Urechescu, Marius Pricop, Victor Vlad Costan, Silvia Oniga, Cristiana Cuzic and Ancuta Banu
Medicina 2025, 61(11), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61112008 - 10 Nov 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Odontogenic infections are common emergencies in oral and maxillofacial surgery. They are typically polymicrobial, with aerobes guiding initial empirical therapy. However, regional data on their microbiology and resistance patterns in Romania are limited. This study aimed to characterize the aerobic [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Odontogenic infections are common emergencies in oral and maxillofacial surgery. They are typically polymicrobial, with aerobes guiding initial empirical therapy. However, regional data on their microbiology and resistance patterns in Romania are limited. This study aimed to characterize the aerobic microbial profile of odontogenic infections in Southwestern Romania and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated pathogens. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months at a tertiary referral hospital. Pus samples collected intraoperatively were cultured aerobically. Bacterial identification used biochemical methods and the VITEK 2 system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and automated MIC testing, interpreted according to EUCAST v13.0 (2023). Results: Of 110 patients, 96 (87.3%) yielded positive aerobic cultures, producing 97 isolates. Streptococcus spp. were predominant (49.5%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (24.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.4%), Enterobacterales (7.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%). Streptococcus spp. remained susceptible to penicillin G (82.3%), amoxicillin–clavulanate (76.4%), and clindamycin (70.5%), but only 55.0% to erythromycin. Most S. aureus isolates were methicillin-susceptible (92.9%), while coagulase-negative staphylococci showed high methicillin resistance (59.3%) yet full susceptibility to linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Enterobacterales were resistant to ampicillin (90%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (65%) but remained susceptible to ceftriaxone (80%) and ciprofloxacin (85%). P. aeruginosa isolates were fully susceptible to piperacillin–tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, and meropenem. Conclusions: This study provides regional data on aerobic pathogens in odontogenic infections. High resistance to penicillin and macrolides limits empirical use. Amoxicillin–clavulanate and clindamycin retain moderate activity, while glycopeptides, linezolid, and carbapenems preserved full efficacy. Surgical drainage remains central to management, and antibiotic therapy should be guided by local susceptibility patterns. These data provide baseline information to inform empirical therapy and stewardship efforts and highlight the need for multicenter studies including anaerobic and molecular analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dentistry and Oral Health)
10 pages, 2036 KB  
Article
An Updated Digital Approach to Regional Anesthesia: A Pilot Study on Computer-Guided Maxillary Nerve Block via the Greater Palatine Canal
by Ioannis Fotopoulos, Anastasia Fardi, Vasileios Zisis, Athanasios Poulopoulos, Nikolaos Dabarakis and Theodoros Lillis
Dent. J. 2025, 13(11), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13110521 - 6 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Objectives: Maxillary nerve block via the greater palatine canal (GPC) offers the potential for profound regional anesthesia of the maxilla but remains underutilized due to anatomical variability and technical complexity. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical feasibility, accuracy, and [...] Read more.
Objectives: Maxillary nerve block via the greater palatine canal (GPC) offers the potential for profound regional anesthesia of the maxilla but remains underutilized due to anatomical variability and technical complexity. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical feasibility, accuracy, and anesthetic effectiveness of a computer-guided approach by using CBCT-based surgical guides to access the pterygopalatine fossa via the GPC. Methods: Thirty-one patients underwent the procedure with patient-specific guides designed from cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans. A 27G needle was directed through the guide to deliver 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:80.000. Pulpal anesthesia was assessed via electric pulp testing (EPT), and soft tissue anesthesia via pressure algometry at predefined oral and facial sites. Success was defined as absence of EPT response at maximum output and pressure pain threshold ≥ 700 g. To assess variations in anesthetic efficacy among multiple related groups, Cochran’s Q test and McNemar’s test were employed. Results: Successful needle placement was achieved in 30 out of 31 patients (96.7%) using the computer-guided approach, with a mean of 1.45 insertion attempts per case. Complete palatal soft tissue anesthesia was achieved in all subjects across the tested sites (100%). Pulpal anesthesia was most effective in posterior teeth, with success rates of 96.7% for first molars and 93.3% for first premolars, while the central incisor showed a reduced success rate of 50%. Transient visual disturbances occurred in three patients (10%), with no other adverse effects reported. Conclusions: These findings support the use of computer-guided GPC block as a method for achieving maxillary nerve anesthesia. Although anesthetic spread to anterior and buccal regions was limited, the technique demonstrated consistent effectiveness in the posterior maxilla, highlighting its potential utility in complex dental and surgical interventions requiring deep and long-lasting regional anesthesia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Digital Dentistry)
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24 pages, 1757 KB  
Article
Parotid Gland Tumors: An Institutional 8-Year Retrospective Study Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Diagnostic Trends
by Eduard Gidea-Paraschivescu, Ruxandra Elena Luca, Cristian Adrian Ratiu and Ciprian Ioan Roi
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(20), 7382; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14207382 - 19 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Despite the relative rarity of salivary gland tumours (SGT), they are a complex and challenging pathology. This is primarily due to the complexity of surgical treatment, the difficulty of diagnosis, and the sometimes ambiguous prognosis. Methods: This retrospective study examined parotid [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Despite the relative rarity of salivary gland tumours (SGT), they are a complex and challenging pathology. This is primarily due to the complexity of surgical treatment, the difficulty of diagnosis, and the sometimes ambiguous prognosis. Methods: This retrospective study examined parotid gland tumors in patients admitted for diagnosis and treatment at the Municipal Hospital of Timisoara–Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Romania, from 2016 to 2023, with the objective of verifying the hypothesis regarding the increasing incidence of benign tumors in the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid gland. Results: A total of 207 consecutive parotid nodular lesion cases were analysed, with 186 having a histopathological analysis. The findings encompass demographic patterns, temporal dynamics, histopathological profiles, malignancy characteristics, and statistical associations. The cohort was evenly distributed by sex (102 females, 105 males) with a median age of 58 years (IQR: 46–69). The largest age group was ≥60 years (n = 99; 47.8%), followed by 40–59 years (n = 76; 36.7%) and <40 years (n = 32; 15.5%). No significant sex difference in age distribution was observed. Annual case volumes showed a high plateau between 2017–2019 (40–41 cases/year), then fell sharply during the pandemic (2020–2022), reaching a nadir in 2021 (11 cases). A partial rebound occurred in 2023 (21 cases). The relative proportion of malignant diagnoses remained stable between pre-pandemic (20.0%) and pandemic/post-pandemic (8.9%) intervals, consistent with prioritization of oncologic surgeries during service restrictions. Benign tumors predominated (n = 126; 60.9%), led by pleomorphic adenoma (n = 64; 50.8% of benign) and Warthin tumor (n = 59; 46.8% of benign). Malignant tumors accounted for 31 cases (15.0%), most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 6), and adenocarcinoma of salivary origin (n = 5). Mann–Whitney U tests confirmed no significant differences in median age between malignant and benign cases, or between pre-pandemic and pandemic/post-pandemic intervals. Odds ratios suggested clinically relevant but non-significant increases in malignancy risk for males (OR ≈ 2.1) and for patients ≥60 years (OR ≈ 1.2). Linear regression of annual case counts revealed a downward slope of –3.5 cases/year (p ≈ 0.074), driven by the sharp pandemic-era decline. Conclusions: This study illustrates that, despite a significant decrease in surgical case volume during the COVID-19 pandemic, the relative distribution of parotid tumor pathology remained stable. Malignant lesions mostly occurred in older patients and males, with no statistically significant differences seen among demographic or clinical subgroups. The preservation of consistent malignancy detection rates, despite limited surgical capacity, underscores the efficacy of oncologic prioritization under healthcare disruptions. Full article
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12 pages, 1452 KB  
Article
High Satisfaction and Strength Recovery After Mini-Open Double-Row Repair of Partial Gluteal Tears Without Advanced Osteoarthritis: A Unicentric Retrospective Cohort Study
by Ingo J. Banke, Amr Seyam, Kilian Blobner, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe and Vanessa Twardy
Medicina 2025, 61(10), 1863; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101863 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 741
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Partial gluteal tendon tears in native hips are often misdiagnosed as greater trochanteric pain syndrome, resulting in ineffective conservative treatment and persistent symptoms. Although surgical repair techniques exist, data on objective strength outcomes in non-arthritic hips remain limited. The [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Partial gluteal tendon tears in native hips are often misdiagnosed as greater trochanteric pain syndrome, resulting in ineffective conservative treatment and persistent symptoms. Although surgical repair techniques exist, data on objective strength outcomes in non-arthritic hips remain limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate pain reduction, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and isometric hip abductor strength following mini-open, knotless double-row repair using the Hip Bridge technique. Material and Methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort study (Level III) with prospective outcome evaluation included 27 patients (mean age 53 years, BMI 27 kg/m2) with partial gluteal tendon tears and no advanced osteoarthritis (Tönnis grade ≤ 1), treated between 2015 and 2022 using the mini-open, knotless double-row Hip Bridge technique. The mean follow-up was 29.3 ± 24.3 months (minimum 6 months). Diagnosis was confirmed by 3-Tesla MRI, and other sources of lateral hip pain were excluded. Clinical outcomes included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), normalized Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (nWOMAC), and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). Isometric hip abductor strength was assessed in 22 patients using a dynamometer, comparing the operated and contralateral limbs. Results: Postoperative satisfaction was high: 93% would undergo surgery again, 88% reported improved Trendelenburg gait, and 85% noted subjective strength gains. Pain improved significantly from VAS 8 (range, 3 to 10) preoperatively to VAS 2 (range, 0 to 7) postoperatively (p < 0.001); 100% reported pain relief. Patient-reported outcome scores were mHHS, 84.2; nWOMAC, 86.5; HOS, 80.7; and HAGOS, 70.7. Isometric strength testing showed significant improvement on the operated side (Fmax: p = 0.006; Fmean: p = 0.009). The mean limb symmetry index was 118% for Fmax and 122% for Fmean. Conclusions: Mini-open, knotless double-row repair of partial gluteal tears in non-arthritic hips yields adequate pain relief, high satisfaction, and objective strength recovery. The Hip Bridge technique could be an effective option after failed conservative treatment. Future prospective comparative studies are warranted to validate mid-term outcomes and establish long-term efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research in Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery)
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