Search Results (35)

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are crucial to treating endocrine-related malignancies, including advanced thyroid cancers and neuroendocrine tumors, but their benefit is tempered by cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) that impair adherence and quality of life. Objective: To summarize the dermatologic toxicities of TKIs used in endocrine oncology and provide practical, multidisciplinary guidance for prevention and management. Methods: Narrative synthesis of clinical trial reports, post-marketing studies, and specialty guidelines pertinent to lenvatinib, vandetanib, cabozantinib, and other commonly used TKIs, integrating dermatologic and endocrine perspectives on mechanisms and care pathways. Results: VEGFR-targeted TKIs frequently cause hand–foot skin reaction, xerosis, fissuring, paronychia, and impaired wound healing; multikinase inhibition also produces alopecia, pigmentary changes, and mucositis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibition with vandetanib is associated with acneiform eruption, photosensitivity, and nail fragility. Pathogenesis reflects on-target inhibition of VEGF/EGFR signaling leading to keratinocyte dysfunction, vascular fragility, and altered eccrine mechanics. Early risk stratification, patient education, and bundle-based prophylaxis (emollients, keratolytics, urea-based creams, sun protection) reduce incidence and severity. Grade-based algorithms combining topical corticosteroids/antibiotics, dose interruptions or reductions, and short systemic courses (e.g., doxycycline, antihistamines) enable symptom control while maintaining anticancer intensity. Close coordination around procedures minimizes wound-healing complications. Conclusions: Dermatologic toxicities are predictable, mechanism-linked, and manageable with proactive, multidisciplinary care. Standardized prevention and treatment pathways tailored to specific TKIs—particularly lenvatinib, vandetanib, and cabozantinib—can preserve dose intensity, optimize quality of life, and sustain antineoplastic efficacy. Full article

This study investigates the development and evaluation of anti-photoaging creams enriched with natural extracts from avocado, apple, and kiwi by-products, with and without nanobubbles (NBs), focusing on their antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet properties. Extract-containing creams showed significantly higher antioxidant capacity, particularly in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (S: 710.4 ± 344.3, NB: 566.3 ± 185.0, X: 202.8 ± 145.6 μmol TE/g DW at production; S: 631.7 ± 277.8, NB: 1019.3 ± 574.0, X: 449.8 ± 43.9 μmol TE/g DW after 1 month; p < 0.05), indicating up to a 250% improvement compared to the base cream and stable antioxidant activity during storage. The sun protection factor (SPF) increased in extract-containing creams after storage (8.7 ± 0.8 → 9.5 ± 0.6; p < 0.05). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) with Strat-M^® membranes revealed enhanced penetration of active compounds in enriched creams, while NBs did not significantly change absorption profiles. Platelet aggregation assays showed markedly lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in extract-enriched creams compared to the base cream for both the platelet-activating factor (PAF) pathway (S: 300.0 ± 42.0, NB: 258.0 ± 31.0 vs. X: 685.0 ± 35.0; after 1 month S: 325.0 ± 50.0, NB: 275.0 ± 42.0 vs. X: 885.0 ± 112.0; p < 0.05) and the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) pathway (S: 450.0 ± 65.0, NB: 400.0 ± 31.0 vs. X: 880.0 ± 58.0; after 1 month S: 470.0 ± 52.0, NB: 412.0 ± 42.0 vs. X: 1102.0 ± 125.0; p < 0.05). In silico analysis was also performed to demonstrate the ligand/protein complex with the strongest affinity to the PAF receptor. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of fruit by-products as sustainable, multifunctional cosmetic ingredients supporting circular economy principles. Full article

This study investigates the impact of emulsifier substitution and booster concentration on sunscreen characteristics, including physical properties, the sun protection factor (SPF), and sensory attributes. The impact of substituting Polysorbate^® 80 with Beautyderm^® K10 as an emulsifier in sunscreen formulations, along with the effect of increasing concentrations of the Sunhancer™ Eco SPF Booster, was thoroughly evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine SPF, while texture analysis and rheological measurements assessed physical characteristics. Stability was evaluated using a centrifuge stress test, and sensory analysis was conducted on the top-performing formulation. The results indicated that the choice of emulsifier and booster concentration significantly influenced SPF values and stability. The influence of booster concentration on textural properties was most significant in formulations containing Beautyderm^®. Centrifuge testing revealed phase separation in certain formulations. Notably, the formulations that exhibited the greatest stability were those in which Beautyderm^® was combined with either Polysorbate^® or Span^®. Following the stability test results, the cream formulation containing Beautyderm^® and Polysorbate^® as emulsifiers was further evaluated through sensory analysis. Independent assessors determined that the sensory attributes of the cream did not undergo significant changes even when zinc oxide was added at a concentration of 1% (w/w) to the formulation. These findings underscore the importance of carefully selecting emulsifiers and boosters to achieve high sun protection efficacy, stability, and desirable sensory properties in sunscreen formulations. Full article

Cumulative exposure to UV radiation can lead to harmful effects such as skin burns, photoaging, and skin cancer, thus highlighting the importance of using photoprotective formulations. Many sunscreens are vegan and have antioxidant substances to ensure additional photochemoprotective action. We evaluated biophysical, rheological, and sensorial parameters of Face Care Facial Moisturizing Cream^® (P1) and a vegan formulation (P2) by in vitro and in vivo tests. Sun Protection Factor (SPF) was evaluated by Mansur method. Biophysical parameters were analyzed: sebum content, hydration level, transepidermal water loss, erythema and melanin level, skin color, and skin pH. The acceptance profile of the formulations was determined using a 9-point hedonic scale and a 5-point purchase intention test. The SPF values of P1 and P2 obtained by in vitro tests were 25.21 and 12.10, respectively. They also exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, which could contribute to better spreadability and form a protective film. Biometric tests showed an increase in hydration and skin sebum, decreased erythema, and maintenance of skin pH after application of both formulations. The comparison of a commercialized product and a vegan test version showed similar rheological and great acceptance profiles. Therefore, the vegan formulation is a good alternative to reach a different market. Full article

Yarrow has long been known as a medicinal plant and has recently been gaining in importance as a cosmetic plant. The purpose of the study was to perform a phytochemical evaluation of extracts from yarrow herb of the Paprika cultivar, which has not previously been studied in this regard, and to determine its protective, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Comparative analysis of two types of extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), showed that the former had higher content of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and condensed tannins, as well as better antioxidant properties, as determined by spectrophotometric methods (DPPH and FRAP). The biological properties of the water–ethanol yarrow herb extract obtained by UAE was tested in vitro on 15 microbial strains (14 bacterial strains and one fungal strain), as well as on two lines of skin cells: HaCaT keratinocytes and HDF fibroblasts. In addition, the sun protection factor and rheological characteristics of a model cosmetic cream based on the extract were determined. Yarrow extract was shown to exhibit a number of important activities for cosmetic ingredients, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective, and anti-ageing activity. The results of the study indicate that this material has potential applications in cosmetics, e.g., in products for mature skin with signs of ageing such as wrinkles or hyperpigmentation. Full article

In the current study, the Prussian blue analog decorated with zinc oxide (PBA@ZnO) was produced using a simple chemical co-precipitation method. The nanohybrid was examined using XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques, where it exhibited a polycrystalline structure with highly intense broadening peaks. The surface morphology was observed as thin nanosheets decorated with tiny spheres. Following excitation at 360 nm, the fluorescence spectra of PBA@ZnO showed fluorescence emission at 455 nm. The developed PBA@ZnO was used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess sunset yellow (SY), where its native fluorescence was selectively quenched as SY concentrations increased. For the first time, PBA@ZnO was used as a turn-off nano-sensor for the spectrofluorimetric measurement of SY. The method’s markable sensitivity was demonstrated within an SY linearity range of 50–500 ng/mL, where the limit of detection was calculated as 9.77 ng/mL. Real sample analysis in the food industry, including samples from real food, soft drinks, and sun cream, was made possible by the detection of tiny amounts of SY. Analytical Greenness (AGREE), AGREEprep, and the complementing Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex MoGAPI) were used to illustrate the new approach’s exceptional eco-friendliness and greenness. The RGB 12 algorithm worked to demonstrate that the suggested approach is less costly, more environmentally friendly, more sustainable, analytically sound, and whiter than the ones that were previously published. In accordance with ICH principles, the suggested method was validated. This approach offers a promising way to rapidly and accurately identify and measure SY in the food industry, helping to guarantee food safety and maintain the health of customers. Full article

Background/Objectives: There is a great demand for novel, multipurpose, natural skin-care products in the global skin repair and sun protection markets. Within this framework, the potential benefits of topical Vitamin D2 (VD2) administration in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined. Methods: Evaluating the efficacy of the VD2+AgNP cream in wound healing, skin irritation and UVB irradiation protection necessitated preclinical testing using reconstructed human skin equivalent models (prepared from human foreskins) containing both a fully stratified epidermal layer and underlying dermis. Results: Application of the cream significantly improved wound healing by stimulating keratinocyte re-epithelialization and dermal fibroblast migration in models subjected to full-thickness (scratch and biopsy punch) wounds, compared to untreated models. The VD2+AgNP cream, administered prior to the induction of skin irritation by 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) afforded protection by ameliorating cell viability epidermal thickness and interleukin-1alpha levels. UVB exposure (50 mJ/cm²) significantly reduced cell viability and epidermal thickness (associated with increased epidermal breakage), as well as basal layer Ki67 and supra-basal layer involucrin expression, compared to the CTRL sham-irradiated models. The cream administered prior to UVB irradiation (protective capacity) showed greater efficacy in minimizing epidermal damage. This was reflected by significantly higher Ki67 and involucrin expression, as well as lower epidermal breakage, compared to models where the cream was applied following UVB irradiation (curative capacity). Conclusions: The VD2+AgNP cream shows multipurpose potential in skin protection. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Full article

Bromelain, a natural enzyme derived from pineapple, is known for its antioxidant properties, and its potential as a photoprotective agent has garnered interest in skincare applications. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of bromelain-based creams in providing antioxidant and photoprotective protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) was determined in vitro and in vivo to evaluate photoprotective activity. The results revealed that bromelain exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Photoprotection, as measured by SPF, the formulation F3, which combined bromelain with other UV filters, exhibited the highest SPF values of 22.043 ± 0.277 (in vitro) and 21.3 ± 2.901 (in vivo), indicating enhanced photoprotective efficacy. This improvement in SPF was likely due to the synergistic effect of bromelain with the UV filters Octyl Methoxycinnamate (OMC). The findings suggest a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and photoprotection, with bromelain’s antioxidant properties contributing to its overall photoprotective effect. Bromelain may be used on people without causing skin or eye irritation. This study supports the potential of bromelain-based creams as dual-action skincare formulations, offering both antioxidant and UV protection. Full article

Background/Objectives: The study aims to investigate an improved version of lipid nanocarriers (NLCs) (formulated with functional coconut butter and marula oil) by designing hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated NLC co-loaded with dual UVA (butyl methoxy dibenzoyl methane, BMDBM), UVB absorbers (ethyl-hexyl-salicylate, EHS) and a Raspberry rich polyphenols fraction (RPRF) for development of more natural NLC-based to-pical formulations. Methods: Quality and quantitative attributes of classic- and HA-NLC have been assigned based on particle size, electrokinetic potential, encapsulation efficiency, spectroscopic characteristics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. To establish the performance profile of antioxidant activity, release of active substances, sun blocking action, and photostability, in vitro studies were conducted. Results: NLC with an average size of ~150 nm and zeta potentials < −39.5 mV showed 80% and 93.1% of encapsulation efficiency for BMDBM and EHS, and up to 83% for natural RPRF. A long-lasting release of absorbers, with a maximum cumulative release of 2.1% BMDBM and 4.6% EHS was detected. NLC-UV Abs-RPRF-HA assured 72.83% radical scavenging activity. The IC₅₀ for HA-NLC-UV Abs-RPRF was 6.25-fold lower than NLC-UV Abs-HA, which reflects the greater free radical scavenging action. The conditioned NLC–UV Abs-RPRF-HA cream was able to provide a sun protection factor value of 52 and UVA-PF value of 81, which underlines an impressive removal of both categories of UVA and UVB radiation. A significant photoprotective upregulation, four-fold for the topical formulation with NLC-UV Abs-RPRF-HA, resulted after a simulated irradiation process. Conclusions: HA decorated-NLC-conditioned creams might provide a useful platform for developing na-tural and sophisticated dermal delivery systems, for influencing skin permeability, and for synergistically imparting antioxidant and photoprotective actions to cosmetic pro-ducts. Full article

Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is becoming increasingly common due to increasing risk factors such as excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetic predisposition, fair skin, and a history of sunburn. Melanoma accounts for only 1% of cases but causes most skin cancer deaths. Dysplastic nevi (DN) are important precursors of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these risk factors on the incidence and stage of skin cancer. Methods: The study included 591 patients aged 18 to 64 who visited the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in 2022–2023 for skin examinations. Each patient completed a questionnaire regarding the risk factors for melanoma and atypical melanocytic nevi and then underwent a dermatoscopic examination of the whole body using a digital videodermatoscope. Results: Dermatoscopic examination revealed a lesion suggestive of melanoma in 1.69% of the patients. Risk factors for developing melanoma included male gender, family history of melanoma, number of skin moles, sunburn in childhood, sun-dependent hobby, using a tanning bed, using low sun protection factor (SPF) cream, not avoiding sun exposure, and co-occurrence of actinic keratosis. Conclusions: Risk factors for melanoma and dysplastic nevi are still common among patients, but the situation has been improving over the years. Early intervention and education on sun safety can play pivotal roles in reducing the incidence of atypical moles and potentially preventing malignant transformations. Full article

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) were employed for the extraction of bilberry and green tea leaves. This study explored the incorporation of these NaDES extracts into various carrier systems: hydrogels, emulsions, and emulgels stabilized with hydroxyethyl cellulose or xanthan gum. The results demonstrated that, when combined with synthetic UV filters, the NaDES extracts significantly enhanced the SPF and improved the antioxidant properties of the formulation. Although NaDES extracts cannot fully replace synthetic UV filters (homosalate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and benzophenone-4), they can serve as effective UV boosters, significantly enhancing the SPFs of formulations containing UV filters. Hence, the SPF of the formulation could be improved without increasing the concentrations of synthetic filters. Moreover, NaDES extracts, unlike UV filters, significantly increased the antioxidant potential of the formulations. Among the carriers, hydrogels with xanthan gum and emulgels with hydroxyethyl cellulose achieved the highest SPFs when containing both NaDES extracts and synthetic filters. A texture analysis further revealed that the NaDES extracts positively impacted the mechanical properties of the formulations by increasing their cohesiveness, thus enhancing their physical stability under mechanical pressure. These findings pave the way for further research into NaDES-based formulations, including in vivo testing, to optimize and confirm their efficacy on human skin and validate NaDES extracts as eco-friendly ingredients in cosmetics, with antioxidant and UV boosting potential. Full article

Grape marc is a by-product resulting from the winemaking industry that still contains beneficial compounds that can be valorized. Thus, we report here the possibility of using polyphenolic extracts of grape marc origin to obtain sun protection creams. The extractions were performed in ethanol and acetone solutions using pomace from different grape varieties (Merlot, Bläufrankisch, Fetească Neagră, Isabella) as a raw material. The obtained extracts were analyzed in order to determine the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, and the sun protection factor (SPF) via Mansur spectrophotometric assay. The best results were achieved using 70% ethanol in water as a solvent. The extracts with the highest potential photoprotective effects are from the Merlot variety (SPF_{spectrophotometric} = 7.83 ± 0.76). The sunscreens were prepared using the 70% ethanolic extract of the Merlot variety evaporated to dryness, redissolved in either distilled water or ethanol. The SPF estimated in vitro via the COLIPA method showed values of 14.07 ± 1.50 and 11.46 ± 1.32 for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively, when working with a cream to polyphenolic extract a ratio of 1/1 (w/w). At the same time, the use of aqueous polyphenolic extracts ensures the better stability of creams compared with the ethanolic ones. Full article

An industry listed as one of the largest globally is the cosmetic industry. In recent years, this industry has shown growing interest in the application of natural ingredients providing advanced properties to cosmetic creams such as moisturizing, antioxidant, sun-protecting and antimicrobial effects. In this context, the present study concerns the production of cosmetic emulsions containing hippophae oil obtained via the methods of extraction, hydro-distillation and maceration using sunflower oil as the carrier oil. Firstly, an IR-ATR analysis was performed showing that the oils prepared were close to those commercially obtained. Then, the stability of the emulsions was tested over a time period of four months through measuring their pH and viscosity values with positive outcomes, and their antioxidant ability was also measured using the DPPH method. The latter one showed that hippophae oil greatly improves the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, based on the fact that sea buckthorn contains carotenoids, the SPF value of the emulsions was determined. The results showed that the addition of hippophae oil to the emulsions gave higher absorption in UV-Vis, thus higher SPF values. Py-GC/MS analysis was used to identify decomposition compounds in the produced oils. Among those, valuable compounds such as Ω-6, Ω-7 and Ω-9 fatty acids and many aldehydes were found by the decomposition of the oils. Full article

Long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester (LCFAEEs) is colorless and has a weak wax and cream aroma. It can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of emulsifiers, and stabilizers and be applied in the production of flavor essence. It is also an important trace component in Baijiu and is attributed to making a contribution to the quality of Baijiu, but its distribution in Baijiu has not been clear, and its influence mechanisms on Baijiu quality have not been systematically studied. Therefore, the distribution of LCFAEEs for Baijiu in different years (2014, 2015, 2018, and 2022), different grades (premium, excellent, and level 1; note: here Baijiu grade classification was based on Chinese standard (GB/T 10781) and enterprise classification standard), and different sun exposure times (0, 6, 12, 20, 30, and 50 days) was uncovered. Thus, in this study, the effect of LCFAEEs on the quality of Baijiu was comprehensively and objectively proven by combining modern flavor sensomics and multicomponent chemometrics. The results showed that with the increase in Baijiu storage time, the concentration of LCFAEEs increased significantly in Baijiu (4.38–196.95 mg/L, p < 0.05). The concentration of LCFAEEs in level 1 Baijiu was significantly higher than that in excellent and premium Baijiu (the concentration ranges of ET, EP, EO, E9, E912, and E91215 were: 0.27–2.31 mg/L, 0.75–47.41 mg/L, 0.93–1.80 mg/L, 0.98–12.87 mg/L, 1.01–27.08 mg/L, and 1.00–1.75 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.05). With the increase in sun exposure time, the concentration of LCFAEEs in the Baijiu first increased significantly and then decreased significantly (4.38–5.95 mg/L, p < 0.05). As the flavor sensomics showed, the concentrations of LCFAEEs in Baijiu bodies were significantly correlated with the Baijiu taste sense (inlet taste, aroma sensation in the mouth), as well as with the evaluation after drinking (maintaining taste) (p < 0.05, r > 0.7). Based on the above, LCFAEEs are critical factors for Baijiu flavor thus, it is essential to explore a suitable concentration of LCFAEEs in Baijiu to make Baijiu’s quality more ideal. Full article

The cosmetic industry has been focusing on replacing synthetic ingredients with natural ones, taking advantage of their bioactive compounds. This work assessed the biological properties of onion peel (OP) and passion fruit peel (PFP) extracts in topical formulations as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants and UV filters. The extracts were characterized regarding their antioxidant capacity, antibacterial capacity and sun protection factor (SPF) value. Results revealed that the OP extract exhibited better results, which can result from the high concentrations of quercetin, as identified and quantified in HPLC analysis. Afterward, nine formulations of O/W creams were produced with minor changes in the quantity of additives: OP and PFP extract (natural antioxidants and UV filters), BHT (synthetic antioxidant) and oxybenzone (synthetic UV filter). The stability of the formulations was determined for 28 days; it was verified that they remained stable throughout the study period. The assays of the formulations’ antioxidant capacity and SPF value revealed that OP and PFP extracts have some photoprotective properties and are excellent sources of antioxidants. As a result, they can be incorporated in daily moisturizers with SPF and sunscreens replacing and/or diminishing the quantities of synthetic ingredients, reducing their negative effects on human health and the environment. Full article