Search Results (13,539)

In this study, we use gratifications (U&G) theory to explore how social media shapes Millennials’ gastronomic destination choices. Rather than treating social media influence as uniform, we identify three key gratifications obtained from gastronomy-related content: experiential–inspirational, utilitarian decision-making, and information search and assurance. The study investigates how these gratifications directly and indirectly affect destination choice through pre-visit destination impressions. Data were collected from 418 Chinese Millennials. Validity of measurements was confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability tests, with hypotheses tested using Hayes’ PROCESS Model 4. Findings indicate that pre-visit destination impression significantly predicts destination choice and mediates the influence of all three gratifications. Experiential–inspirational gratification has the greatest overall impact; experiential–inspirational and information search and assurance gratifications operate through both directly and indirectly, while utilitarian decision-making gratification operates primarily through pre-visit impressions. By integrating U&G theory with pre-visit impressions, this study offers a novel pathway-specific explanation of social media’s role in gastronomic destination choice, suggesting that different gratifications activate distinct psychological mechanisms rather than a uniform process. It also advances destination-choice research by highlighting pre-visit impression as a rapid evaluative mechanism linking digital gratification and behavioral decision. Full article

Background: Cyberbullying victimization is associated with recent poor mental health among adolescents, but the roles of digital and offline contextual indicators require careful interpretation. Objective: Guided primarily by Stress Process Theory and secondarily by bounded routine activity concepts, this study examined cross-sectional associations among traditional school bullying, cyberbullying, social media use, physical activity frequency, and recent poor mental health among U.S. high school students. Methods: Complete-case 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data for U.S. high school students (N = 10,295; 49.5% female; 42.7% White, 21.9% Hispanic/Latino, 11.2% Black or African American, and 24.2% all other races) were analyzed in two non-survey-weighted, model-based indirect-association specifications using PROCESS Model 6. Both models adjusted for sex, grade, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, and the alternate bullying indicator. Results: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were each positively associated with more frequent recent poor mental health after mutual adjustment (β = 0.113 and β = 0.111, respectively). No indirect associations were statistically supported in the traditional bullying model. In the cyberbullying model, the indirect association through social media use was statistically supported but small, and the sequential indirect association through social media use and physical activity frequency was statistically supported but extremely small. Conclusions: Findings support a cautious, cross-sectional interpretation in which bullying victimization is treated as peer-related strain and social media use and physical activity frequency are contextual indicators rather than causal mediators. Full article

While abundant evidence supports gratitude’s positive functions, recent findings have also revealed its potential to trigger aggressive behaviors. However, existing theories struggle to fully explain this apparent paradox. To address this gap, we introduce the construct of the gratitude mindset and explore its paradoxical impact on social behaviors. Study 1 (N = 221) employed an experiment to verify the distinct effect of the gratitude mindset on altruistic and aggressive behavior. Based on a three-wave survey, Study 2 (N = 462) revealed that a gratitude-is-enhancing mindset (GIEM) was positively associated with altruistic behavior and negatively associated with aggressive behavior, whereas a gratitude-is-inhibiting mindset (GIIM) was positively associated with aggressive behavior and negatively associated with altruistic behavior. Moreover, moral imagination partially mediated the effects of GIEM on altruistic behavior and aggressive behavior; moral disengagement partially mediated the effects of GIIM on altruistic behavior and aggressive behavior. These findings suggest that the gratitude mindset has both theoretical and practical relevance for understanding social behavior. Full article

Cyberbullying among Chinese social media users has been described in relation to hostile words, pragmatic meanings, group alignment, identity positioning, and platform-mediated amplification. This scoping review mapped the linguistic and behavioral mechanisms reported in English-language studies indexed in Scopus and Web of Science concerning target-directed harm in Chinese social media contexts. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac refinements, and PRISMA-ScR guidance, searches of Scopus and Web of Science identified 592 records. The 2015–2025 publication-date criterion was applied during screening. After deduplication, screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 19 sources were included. Data were charted and synthesized thematically across lexical and lexico-semantic features, pragmatic strategies, discursive processes, and platform conditions. Four patterns emerged: evaluative labeling and semantic degradation; indirect aggression conveyed through irony, metaphor, insinuation, and culturally situated meanings; participant alignment and identity construction associated with legitimized hostility; and repetition, visibility, and collective participation associated with amplified harmful communication. Within this indexed English-language evidence base, cyberbullying was recurrently represented as a cumulative communicative process in which linguistic actions acquired harmful force through interpretation, social positioning, and social and technological circulation. Effective identification therefore requires attention to contextual meaning, interactional sequences, target relations, and platform dynamics, rather than reliance on isolated offensive terms. The review offers a provisional behavioral–linguistic framework derived from this indexed English-language evidence base while identifying methodological, platform, language, and database gaps for future empirical research. Full article

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core features of social communication deficits and high prevalence of gastrointestinal comorbidities. With its continuously rising global prevalence, current therapeutic modalities remain unable to target and ameliorate the core symptoms of ASD. The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA), a critical pathway mediating crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the brain, has been extensively documented to be deeply involved in the pathological progression of ASD in recent years. However, prior studies have predominantly focused on the unidirectional regulation of the brain by gut microbiota, lacking an integrated account of the bidirectional regulation across immune, metabolic, and endocrine systems. Centered on the immune–metabolic–endocrine interactive network, this review systematically delineates the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the MGBA in ASD by integrating recent evidence from microbiota sequencing, animal models, and clinical intervention studies, with the aim of clarifying the bidirectional causal controversy between intestinal microecological disturbance and ASD behavioral abnormalities. This review proposes that in children with ASD, decreased abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria and disrupted metabolic profiles of short-chain fatty acids synergistically impair intestinal barrier integrity, triggering peripheral chronic inflammation that further drives excessive microglial activation-mediated central neuroinflammation. Subsequently, disturbances in the homeostasis of multiple neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), histamine, and dopamine occur via the vagus nerve and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, ultimately driving ASD behavioral abnormalities. Conversely, chronic stress and behavioral characteristics associated with ASD reshape the intestinal microecology through neuroendocrine pathways, forming a vicious cycle of “microbiota dysbiosis—immune inflammation—HPA axis hyperactivity—further intestinal microecological imbalance”. This review summarizes the therapeutic efficacy and translational bottlenecks of three types of microecological interventions: fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, and ketogenic diet, and analyzes the current limitations in the field, including pronounced population heterogeneity, unclear cross-talk mechanisms among multiple pathways, and the scarcity of large-sample clinical evidence. Collectively, this review preliminarily elucidates the complete multi-system interactive framework of MGBA regulation in ASD, providing theoretical support for mechanistic research and gut-targeted individualized interventions for ASD. Full article

Open workforce datasets can help to extend research on artificial intelligence (AI) only if they are sufficiently provenance-traceable, have good measurement quality, and have a relational structure suitable for behavioral inference. This study examines a benchmark dataset comprising 12,000 linked records across 15 industry categories and 47,206 AI tool-use records. Sampling, recruitment, questionnaire wording, respondent authentication, ethics procedures, and whether the records are real or synthetic are not documented, so the dataset is treated as a tabular source rather than verified workforce evidence. Analyses are limited to indicators that have been observed directly, including job satisfaction, work–life balance, career outlook, trust in AI, weekly learning hours, AI-use intensity, and employer-provided AI training. Assessment of behavioral interpretation of the data was conducted using Spearman correlations, HC3-robust regressions, false discovery rate adjustment, secondary industry interaction checks, and a relational-realism diagnostic. Concerns about AI replacing jobs were negligible and non-significant on a five-point scale, with an average of 2.745. Training also showed no robust association when evaluated against outcomes that did not contain training. The median absolute Spearman correlation across conceptually related observed variables was 0.0064, with the 95th percentile at 0.0180, which is very low. These estimates reflect the characteristics of the supplied documents rather than employee actions, and do not assess conservation of resources processes or tourism worker outcomes. Results from the analysis demonstrate the importance of checking open workforce data for construct validity, relational validity, sector fit and provenance before testing behavioral theories. Research for regenerative tourism requires reliable sector-specific samples, reliable multi-item measures, longitudinal design, and direct measures of social and destination outcomes. Full article

Multilingual students’ repertoires are often framed either as resources for participation or as possible sources of difficulty, yet their situated use in special education remains underexamined. This study investigated how students in German special schools for social, emotional and behavioral development (SEBD) mobilized migration-related multilingual repertoires to address practical interactional problems and how situational conditions shaped the functions and consequences of these practices. A multi-sited ethnography was conducted in six SEBD special schools in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region (North Rhine-Westphalia) between April 2024 and March 2025. Data comprised participant observation, written and talking fieldnotes, and informal ethnographic conversations. They were analyzed through a constant-comparative approach informed by reflexive grounded theory. Six recurring practice types were grouped into four result domains: Participation and Meaning-Making, Relational Positioning and Communicative Accessibility, Affective Mobilization and Counter-Positioning, and Navigation of Institutional Language Orders. Repertoire use had no fixed inclusive, disruptive, or resistant function. Its meaning emerged within interaction and changed with participation structures, public visibility, adult comprehension, and peer responses. In SEBD settings, migration-related linguistic marking and behavioral interpretation could reinforce one another. Multilingual practices should therefore be analyzed sequentially and situationally rather than treated as direct indicators of competence or disturbance. Full article

Adolescent mental health is a high priority in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet perspectives may differ among youth and adult providers responsible for supporting mental health within schools. These differences may create challenges for designing contextually appropriate school-based preventive strategies. This qualitative study compared adolescent and school guidance and counseling coordinator (GCC) perspectives on factors influencing adolescent mental health and support in all 12 public senior high schools in Tamale, Ghana. GCC data were collected through semi-structured interviews informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and adolescent data was through human-centered design workshops. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and organized using the Social Ecological Model. At the individual level, adolescents linked emotional distress, stress, and substance use to mental health challenges, whereas GCCs more commonly framed these as behavioral or academic challenges. At the interpersonal level, both groups identified peer relationships and confidentiality as important influences on help-seeking; adolescents emphasized trusted peer relationships, while GCCs described challenges implementing peer counseling approaches within schools. At the organizational level, adolescents emphasized teacher attitudes and punitive school responses to student distress, while GCCs emphasized staffing shortages, limited infrastructure, and insufficient institutional support. At the community level, both groups identified stigma and gendered social norms as barriers to mental health support. Adolescents and GCCs identified similar concerns but differed in how they understood adolescent mental health and support within schools. Integrating both youth and provider perspectives may strengthen multilevel school-based preventive strategies in resource-constrained settings. Full article

Telework has expanded rapidly, and understanding the behaviors employees enact under it has become correspondingly important. This study develops an integrative conceptual framework specifying the multidimensional nature of telework behavior. A systematic literature review following PRISMA identified 114 review articles, which were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. Six behavioral dimensions were identified, covering performance, communication, environmental, task, policy, and well-being conduct. Antecedents were grouped into individual factors, job characteristics, organizational norms, technological factors, and work environment factors. Outcomes were grouped into job satisfaction, productivity, turnover, health and well-being, work–life balance, and social isolation. Three contextual moderators were identified, namely telework modality, telework preference, and cultural and national context. Fourteen propositions link these categories and are advanced as testable claims rather than established findings, since they are derived from published review evidence and have not been empirically tested. The framework proposes telework behavior as the construct through which the conditions of remote work are translated into employee and organizational outcomes, and it specifies a content domain from which measures of the construct can be developed. It also indicates where organizations can direct policy, training, and intervention. Full article

Background: The gut microbiota–brain axis is a highly integrated bidirectional communication network operating through neural, neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways that maintain central nervous system homeostasis and has emerged as a promising complementary therapeutic target for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Objective: The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and psychobiotics on gut–brain communication and neurological and behavioral outcomes, including neuroinflammatory markers, HPA-axis parameters, and microbial metabolites. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2020 up to March 2026 identified 81 eligible studies (48 preclinical studies, 27 randomized controlled trials, and 6 quasi-experimental clinical studies) from 7358 records. Primary outcomes were systematically categorized into four domains: (1) cognitive performance and social/adaptive behavior; (2) neuroinflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and barrier integrity; (3) HPA-axis parameters (cortisol/corticosterone); and (4) neuroactive microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan derivatives). Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed independently by two reviewers using the SYRCLE tool for preclinical studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools for randomized and quasi-experimental clinical trials, with summary visualizations generated using the robvis web application (version 0.3.0). Results: Neurodegenerative diseases (n = 31; 38.3%) and mood disorders (n = 29; 35.8%) were the most frequently investigated conditions. Probiotics predominated (n = 61), followed by prebiotics (n = 12) and synbiotics (n = 8). Descriptively, 92% of included studies reported improvements in at least one evaluated outcome. However, this unweighted observation reflects effect direction rather than clinical magnitude, encompassing primary and secondary endpoints across highly heterogeneous sample sizes, study designs, and risk-of-bias profiles. Conclusions: Microbiota-targeted interventions show promise as complementary strategies for neurological disorders; however, substantial methodological heterogeneity, unstandardized dosing, and the absence of quantitative meta-analysis preclude definitive clinical recommendations. Successful translation will require harmonized protocols, strain-specific functional characterization, and precision microbiota-based trials. Full article

This study aims to evaluate young people’s perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors regarding food waste in the North-West region of Romania. It seeks to identify key factors influencing awareness and practices, quantify the attitude–behavior gap, and propose targeted educational and policy interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and October 2024 using a 17-item questionnaire. Snowball sampling via social media and educational networks yielded 955 valid responses from participants aged 14–33 across six counties. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn’s post hoc comparisons, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, and effect size calculations were performed, guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Respondents showed high knowledge (89.47% aggregated positive responses) and strongly positive attitudes (>90% on all items). However, a significant attitude–behavior gap emerged: while 93.51% intended to reduce food waste, only 50.05% consistently adapted portions to appetite. Family was the primary source of awareness (42.41%), whereas formal schooling contributed minimally (3.35%), despite 92.46% supporting school-based education. Knowledge correlated strongly with attitudes (r = 0.624) but only moderately with practice (r = 0.326). Results highlight the need to integrate food waste education into formal curricula and develop targeted programs bridging the gap between positive attitudes and actual behavior change among Romanian youth. Full article

Aging in place (AiP) and healthy cognitive aging (HCA) are closely interrelated concepts but seldom examined together within real-world care systems. Integrated care (IC) offers a framework to understand how community settings can support both. This qualitative case study examined a 25-year-old community-based integrated health and social care program in a rural Czech microregion. Utilizing a realist-informed context–mechanism–outcome framework, the study integrated data from documentary analysis, semistructured interviews, and participant observation. The findings suggest that the conditions facilitating AiP and HCA may be mutually supported through interrelated, context-dependent, cumulatively operated mechanisms, including environmental predictability, continuity of care, coordination across services, social embeddedness, supported autonomy, and reductions in cognitive and organizational burden and stress. IC is not a direct intervention, but acts as a context-dependent moderator that shapes the conditions for AiP and HCA. Behaviorally, these mechanisms minimize decision-making complexity and establish predictable interaction patterns that support everyday functioning. AiP and conditions relevant to HCA are mutually supported through shared underlying mechanisms embedded in care systems and community contexts. IC may facilitate this by fostering stable, person-centered environments that may reduce cognitive demands and support relational continuity. The study contributes to behavioral science by exploring how IC may shape conditions relevant to cognitive and functional outcomes in later life and provides actionable insights for the design of IC systems. Full article

Greenwashing distorts green markets and impedes sustainable development. This study develops a four-party asymmetric evolutionary game model to examine the strategic interactions among government, companies, social media, and consumers in greenwashing governance. By formulating replicator dynamics and conducting a Jacobian-based local stability analysis, the research identifies three representative locally asymptotically stable boundary equilibria under specified parameter configurations: such as dual-oversight market withdrawal, consumer-redress-driven governance, and social-media-absent regulation-driven governance. Numerical simulations examine benchmark evolutionary trajectories and selected parameter variations. The results indicate that system outcomes are sensitive to adjustments in complaint compensation, consumer complaint cost, the additional cost of genuine green production, and social media auditing costs. Specifically, high penalties for lenient auditing can induce persistent systemic fluctuations, while strict auditing alone may inadvertently stabilize a market-withdrawal outcome without prompting genuine green behavior. Under the specified parameter conditions of the model, the findings suggest that stable governance is associated with coordinated incentives for genuine production, economically viable consumer redress, and appropriately calibrated auditing policies. Full article

This scoping review aimed to map empirical interventions in teacher and educator populations in which burnout or burnout-related outcomes were evaluated from a broad mental health promotion and prevention perspective. Searches were conducted in Scopus, ERIC, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Web of Science. The search strategy was broadened to improve sensitivity by removing the mandatory study-design block and expanding intervention-related terminology. A structured evidence map was used to chart reports by intervention category, population, intervention level, study design, burnout-related outcome, follow-up, and research gaps, following PRISMA-ScR reporting principles and established scoping review methodological guidance. The final evidence base comprised 123 eligible reports. Interventions spanned cognitive-behavioral and rational-emotive approaches, mindfulness and mind–body programs, compassion- and emotion-focused interventions, social–emotional and trauma-informed approaches, professional development, classroom-management and instructional-practice interventions, and broader occupational or organizational approaches. Emotional exhaustion was the most frequently represented burnout-related dimension, although substantial heterogeneity was evident in intervention content, design, measurement, and follow-up. No formal risk-of-bias or methodological quality assessment was conducted. The evidence base is substantial but heterogeneous, and future research should more directly evaluate sustained, context-sensitive, organizational, and multilevel approaches alongside individual- and classroom/practice-level interventions. Full article

The successful deployment of shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) technologies is of great significance for improving road traffic safety and road capacity. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of SAV technologies is hindered by ambiguous user acceptance intentions and complicated multi-stakeholder decision-making processes. Existing studies mostly conduct static analyses of user willingness with fragmented variable selection, lacking integrated frameworks that integrate public opinion mining, behavioral modeling, and evolutionary game theory. Different from existing studies that predominantly rely on static questionnaire-based willingness analysis with subjectively selected variables, this study integrates social-media text mining, an extended Theory of Planned Behavior, and a tripartite evolutionary game model to jointly investigate user psychological mechanisms and multi-stakeholder dynamic interactions. To explore the long-term development trajectory of SAVs, this study crawls 23,943 short-video comment datasets. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model is adopted to preliminarily identify eight core factors affecting users’ adoption of SAVs, based on which a questionnaire survey on SAV adoption intention is designed. A total of 724 valid questionnaires were collected. Expanding the classic Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study incorporates additional latent variables including perceived risk, employment impacts, and government attitudes to construct an extended TPB model, which quantifies the correlations between latent constructs and adoption intention. The empirical results reveal that government attitudes (β = 0.497, p < 0.001) and employment conditions (β = 0.434, p < 0.001) exert significantly positive effects on perceived risk. Perceived ease of use indirectly determines adoption intention through three mediating paths: attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, stakeholders are categorized into three groups (users, enterprises, and governments), and a tripartite evolutionary game model for SAV stakeholders is established to derive evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) via numerical simulation. The simulation results indicate that the strategy combination of economic incentives and small-scale pilot programs (adopted by governments) paired with the adoption strategy (adopted by potential SAV users) constitutes the evolutionary stable strategy. Variations in governments’ economic incentive costs and small-scale pilot operation costs significantly alter the decision-making behaviors of potential SAV users. This study integrates behavioral modeling and game-theoretic analysis. It delivers theoretical foundations for research on SAV adoption behaviors and provides quantitative decision-making evidence for governments to formulate phased incentive policies and for service platforms to control pilot operation costs. Full article