Search Results (140,952)

Against the backdrop of coordinated development in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Hebei Province serves as an ecological safety barrier for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration. Conducting research on land use and land cover change (LUCC) and ecosystem service value (ESV) holds significant theoretical and practical value for elucidating the mechanisms underlying ESV evolution under the combined effects of rapid urbanization and major ecological engineering projects, and for applying these findings to regional land-use planning and ecological conservation and restoration efforts. This research aligns with the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2020–2030). Based on land-use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, along with 11 categories of natural and socio-economic drivers, this study systematically analyses regional LUCC and calculates ESV using locally adjusted equivalence factors. It examines the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of ESV through the analysis of local spatial autocorrelation indices (LISAs), centroid, and standard deviation ellipses, and employs a GeoDetector to measure ESV drivers. Three scenarios—a natural evolution scenario (NES), economic development scenario (EDS), and ecological protection scenario (EPS)—were established. The patch-generating Land use simulation (PLUS) model was employed to simulate LUCC for 2030 (Kappa = 0.840) and calculate ESV. Results show that from 2000 to 2020, forest land and impervious surfaces in Hebei Province continued to expand, while cropland and grassland decreased. The cumulative ESV increased by 4.85 billion yuan. Slope was the primary driver of spatial variation in ESV, and the interaction between natural and socioeconomic factors demonstrated significantly stronger explanatory power. In 2030, the total ESV under all three scenarios was lower than in 2020. The EPS reached an ESV of 344.72 billion yuan, representing a relatively suitable model that balances development and conservation. Full article

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a progressive loss of renal function and is characterized by chronic oxidative stress and kidney fibrosis. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THCu), a metabolite of curcumin, may possess antioxidant benefits in CKD. This study evaluated the transcriptomic changes and therapeutic potential of THCu against kidney damage and fibrosis in the 5/6 nephrectomy rat CKD model. Methods: Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into CKD groups and three THCu doses were tested (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg). A liposomal formulation of THCu was given twice daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Serum creatinine and proteinuria were measured, and kidney fibrosis was assessed on histology. Kidney lysates were processed for total RNA sequencing to analyze differential gene expression in the experimental groups. The data were screened for outliers prior to ANOVA and correlation analyses. Results: In the untreated CKD group, serum creatinine and proteinuria were increased compared to control animals. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that untreated CKD animals exhibited marked upregulation across three key gene categories: immune cell activation, kidney injury and fibrosis, and inflammation and oxidative stress. THCu treatment mitigated these pathways by which there was downregulation of markers of immune cell activation as well as the kidney injury marker Kim1, while the fibrosis markers Col1a1 and Col3a1 were decreased to expression levels similar to non-CKD control animals. Furthermore, the highest dose of THCu at 500 mg/kg triggered a cellular detoxification and metabolic clearance response, with highly significant upregulation of Abcb11 and Gls2. Antioxidant benefit was evidenced by upregulation of Gpx1 in the high-dose THCu group compared to the untreated CKD group. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the high-dose THCu group restored key metabolic and signaling pathways disrupted in renal fibrosis, including small and organic solute metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, lipid biosynthesis, and peptide hormone response. Furthermore, the treatment upregulated essential anion and organic solute transport functions. Proteinuria was reduced with THCu therapy; however, serum creatinine and urine creatinine clearance were not significantly modified in comparison to untreated CKD rats. Conclusions: Oral THCu therapy demonstrated promising transcriptional changes in antioxidant and anti-fibrotic pathways in a rat CKD model. Confirmatory protein-level studies are needed to clarify benefits on kidney function. Full article

Climate change is increasing the exposure of crops to drought stress, highlighting the need for integrative approaches to assess plant responses under field conditions. In this study, telomere length (TL) was evaluated in field-grown grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Aglianico) subjected to rainfed (RF) and controlled deficit irrigation (CDI) regimes. A qPCR-based protocol was applied together with physiological measurements, UAV-derived vegetation indices, and berry metabolomic profiling to investigate plant responses to different water regimes. Physiological and metabolomic analyses confirmed distinct responses between treatments, with rainfed vines showing more negative leaf water potential, lower stomatal conductance, and increased accumulation of stress-associated metabolites, including anthocyanins and abscisic acid. Linear mixed-effects modeling showed no significant difference in TL between treatments at the beginning of the experimental period (p = 0.198), whereas rainfed vines displayed significantly lower TL values than irrigated vines at the end of the growing season (p = 0.0009). TL decreased significantly over time in both treatments. The treatment × time interaction suggested a greater TL reduction in rainfed vines in the primary model (p = 0.064), and this effect was significant in a complete-pair sensitivity analysis (p = 0.036). These findings indicate an association between irrigation regime and telomere length variation under field conditions. The study provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential application of TL measurements for investigating plant responses to environmental stress in grapevine. Full article

Municipal organic waste management remains a major challenge for sustainable urban development, particularly in regions requiring decentralized treatment alternatives that reduce landfill dependency and promote circular resource recovery. This study compared Takakura composting and vermicomposting for the stabilization of municipal organic waste under decentralized operational conditions in the Ecuadorian Amazon and developed a Composite Circular Resource Recovery and Process Performance Index (CRRPPI) to evaluate resource recovery efficiency. Municipal organic waste was treated through Takakura composting, vermicomposting, and uncontrolled decomposition (control). Operational performance was assessed using material conversion efficiency, process productivity, nutrient recovery efficiency, nutrient productivity, and final physicochemical characteristics. These indicators were integrated into the CRRPPI framework to provide a multidimensional assessment of circular resource recovery performance. Takakura composting showed the highest operational efficiency, achieving material conversion efficiencies of up to 0.80, process productivity values of 1.23 kg day⁻¹, and superior nutrient recovery efficiencies for nitrogen (0.835), phosphorus (0.730), and potassium (0.880). The highest CRRPPI values were obtained for Takakura treatments (0.835–0.842), while vermicomposting showed intermediate performance, and the control treatment presented the lowest resource recovery efficiency (0.216). Sensitivity analysis confirmed ranking stability under ±20% weighting variations, and ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test identified significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). The results indicate that Takakura composting is an effective strategy for decentralized municipal organic waste valorization and nutrient recirculation. Furthermore, the proposed CRRPPI provides a practical exploratory framework for integrated evaluation of biological stabilization technologies by simultaneously considering operational performance and circular resource recovery. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) exhibits heterogeneous clinical behavior, with some lesions regressing spontaneously, whereas others persist or progress to higher-grade disease. Identifying biomarkers that reflect lesion dynamics remains a major clinical challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of CD86 expression in cervical lesions by examining longitudinal changes and determining whether temporal alterations in CD86 expression are associated with lesion regression and epithelial-associated immune dynamics. Methods: Cervical samples were collected from patients with CIN, and gene expression was analyzed using reverse transcription–quantitative PCR. Longitudinal analyses were performed using paired samples to evaluate the temporal changes in CD86 expression. Regression status and time to regression were assessed, and associations with CD86 changes were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. Longitudinal patterns were further characterized using a spaghetti plot and slope analyses. Results: Baseline CD86 expression did not associate with regression status or CIN grade. However, longitudinal changes in CD86 expression differed significantly between the regression and non-regression group. CD86 change demonstrated moderate predictive performance for regression and was significantly associated with both regression and shorter time to regression. Longitudinal analyses revealed distinct temporal patterns between the regression and progression groups. Baseline CD86 expression was strongly correlated with FOXP3 expression, whereas CD86 dynamics were not independently associated with lymphocyte-related markers. Conclusions: Longitudinal changes in CD86 expression are significantly associated with lesion regression in CIN and may reflect lesion-associated immune dynamics during follow-up, particularly within epithelial-derived cervical cytology specimens. Full article

Lead (Pb) is a persistent and highly toxic heavy metal that poses significant ecological and human health risks due to its high bioaccumulation potential. In this study, nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC) was synthesized from straw-derived biochar via ball-milling and ammonium nitrate modification to remediate Pb-contaminated soil. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Pb(II) immobilization by NBC occurred through multiple mechanisms, primarily precipitation and complexation with hydroxyl and pyrrolic-N functional groups. Subsequent pot experiments confirmed that NBC outperformed pristine biochar (BC) in reducing Pb bioavailability. This superior performance was attributed to the ability of NBC to increase soil pore water pH and significantly decrease soil redox potential (Eh). Moreover, compared to the control, a 5% NBC treatment (NBC2) significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) by 136.24% while concurrently increasing soil available nitrogen (SAN), phosphorus (SAP), and potassium (SAK) by 46.91%, 75.72%, and 42.79%, respectively. Microbiological analyses indicated that NBC application enhanced soil alpha diversity (Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices) and enriched beneficial bacterial phyla, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Random forest analysis identified the acid-soluble Pb fraction and SOM as the main drivers of bacterial operational taxonomic unit (OTU) composition. Specifically, NBC increased the relative abundance of the family Hungateiclostridiaceae, which may promote soil sulfide production and facilitate the precipitation of Pb into highly insoluble forms, further reducing its mobility and toxicity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NBC is a promising soil amendment that leverages both physicochemical and microbial pathways to immobilize Pb, mitigate environmental toxicity, and restore soil ecological health. Full article

Given the growing concerns about climate change and sustainability, uncovering the factors that influence consumers’ decisions to adopt green products remains a pressing inquiry. This study uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the PLS-SEM method to confirm that environmental concern (EC), perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitude (AT) and subjective norms (SN) influence green product purchase intention (PI). According to this research, environmental concern is the main determining factor for the purchase intention of green products. A structured quantitative survey was applied to a sample of 421 people. The analysis was conducted using WarpPLS 8.0. The results show that environmental concern and perceived behavioral control play a crucial role. Individuals’ confidence in their ability to influence environmental conservation efforts is important in their purchasing decisions. Subjective norms play a mediating role and have a smaller impact but contribute significantly to shaping the societal context that influences green purchase decisions. Attitudes have a significant, nonlinear impact on purchase intention. This study encourages green marketing strategies and public policies oriented towards green products, targeting accessibility barriers to green products and changing green purchasing patterns, to contribute to sustainable consumption objectives, offer directions for future research and increase competitiveness. Full article

Soil erosion in arid watersheds poses a significant threat to land productivity, water resources, and long-term sustainability, necessitating spatially explicit and data-driven prioritization frameworks for targeted conservation. This study developed an integrated GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework to assess soil erosion susceptibility and prioritize twelve sub-basins (SB) of the Wadi Numan basin (683 km²), Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia. Morphometric analysis was conducted using sixteen parameters derived from a 10 m Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) data were obtained from the Esri Sentinel-2 10 m dataset. Four MCDM techniques—additive ratio assessment (ARAS), complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis (MOORA), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)—were applied under the criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting, and their consistency was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient test (SCCT) and the Kendall Tau correlation coefficient test (KTCCT). MOORA achieved the highest consistency for morphometric analysis (SCCT: 0.982; KTCCT: 0.958), while TOPSIS performed best for LULC analysis (SCCT: 0.800; KTCCT: 0.731). The final combined prioritization used MOORA for morphometric analysis and TOPSIS for LULC analysis, with proportional weighting of 72.7% and 27.3%, respectively. The scheme categorized the sub-basins into five levels of soil erosion priority. The composite ranking classified SB-9 and SB-1 under very high priority (25.94%); SB-2 and SB-3 under high priority (6.40%); SB-5, SB-6, and SB-10 under medium priority (36.37%); SB-4 and SB-8 under low priority (18.11%); and SB-11, SB-12, and SB-7 under very low priority (13.18%). This integrated method provides a practical decision-support tool for identifying and managing sub-basins susceptible to soil erosion, thereby promoting the long-term sustainability of land and water resources. Full article

Background/Objectives: Undergraduate nursing students consider bioscience courses essential to their education and clinical practice, yet they often find them challenging. This study explored the associations among achievement goal orientations, perceived stress, and self-esteem to examine factors associated with bioscience learning in nursing education. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the first-year courses “Biology–Clinical Biochemistry” and “Genetics”. Data were gathered using the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS14); the Achievement Goal Questionnaire-Revised (AGQ-R), divided into four subscales, each representing a goal type (mastery-approach or AGQ MA, mastery-avoidance or AGQ MAV, performance-approach or AGQ PA, performance-avoidance or AGQ PAV); and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted using SPSS v26.0, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Perceived stress was negatively associated with self-esteem in both Biology–Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics (p < 0.001). The assessment of potential links between quantitative variables and the study topic using univariate analysis showed an association of course category with the PSS14 score (p= 0.008). This finding remained significant in the regression analysis (p = 0.004), which also identified an effect of gender on the same scale (p = 0.029). Multiple regression further revealed associations between AGQ MA and the subject of study (p = 0.047), AGQ MAV and gender (p = 0.001), AGQ PAV and gender (p = 0.016), and RSES Total and type of secondary education (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Psychological factors interact dynamically with the demands of bioscience education within tertiary nursing curricula, varying according to demographic and academic traits. Full article

Background/Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical course, with some patients remaining stable for years while others require early treatment. Identifying reliable and easily accessible predictors of treatment requirement at diagnosis remains an important clinical challenge. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 226 patients diagnosed with CLL between 2015 and 2024 at a tertiary care center. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of treatment requirement. A hierarchical mixed-effects model was constructed to account for temporal clustering across diagnostic periods. A clinical risk score was derived from independent predictors, using regression coefficient-based weighting, and its discriminative performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: A total of 226 patients were included (mean age: 62.4 ± 13.8 years; 56.6% male). During follow-up, 104 patients (46.0%) required treatment. Lower hemoglobin and platelet levels, higher lymphocyte counts and LDH levels, and the presence of B symptoms, splenomegaly, and advanced disease stage were independently associated with treatment requirement. These associations remained significant in hierarchical modeling. The derived risk score demonstrated acceptable discriminative ability (AUC: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79–0.89), with a cut-off value of ≥4 yielding a sensitivity of 81.7% and specificity of 73.8%. Conclusions: Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters are associated with treatment requirement in CLL. A combination of readily available variables may support risk stratification at diagnosis. The proposed risk score may provide a practical adjunct to routine clinical assessment, particularly in settings where advanced molecular testing is not readily available; however, external validation in independent cohorts is required before clinical implementation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Adductor canal blocks (ACBs) are widely used for postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the duration of analgesia with a single-shot ACB is limited. Pharmacological adjuncts may enhance and prolong the duration of single-injection blocks, but their efficacy in this setting remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effectiveness of adjuncts added to local anaesthetic for single-shot ACBs following TKA. Methods: An extensive systematic literature review was performed on Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Adult patients undergoing primary TKA who received a single-shot ACB with an adjunct added to LA were eligible, with a single-shot ACB with LA alone as the comparator. The primary outcome was postoperative analgesic efficacy, assessed by pain scores (VAS/NRS), time to first rescue analgesia, total postoperative opioid consumption, or sensory block duration. Secondary outcomes included functional recovery measures and adverse events. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence for each adjunct–outcome combination was assessed using GRADE. Due to clinical heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not feasible and findings were synthesised narratively. Results: Nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the analgesic efficacy of adjuncts added to local anaesthetic in ACB following TKA were included in this review. Adjuncts included dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, butorphanol, buprenorphine, and magnesium sulphate. Three RCTs demonstrated improvements in early postoperative analgesia with dexmedetomidine at doses of 0.5 µg/kg, while lower doses (0.25 µg/kg) did not. Dexamethasone also decreased early postoperative pain across two RCTs and showed the most evidence for significant prolongation in sensory blockade, with a dose of 4 mg needed to produce significant effects. Butorphanol and buprenorphine demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative opioid consumption and improved pain, but evidence was limited to single trials. Findings for magnesium were inconsistent. No adjunct was associated with any serious side effect or adverse event. Conclusions: Pharmacological adjuncts added to single-shot ACBs following TKA generally improved early postoperative pain and reduced opioid consumption compared with LA alone, with the most consistent benefits observed for dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg) and dexamethasone (≥4 mg). However, these effects appeared dose-dependent, were largely confined to the first 24 h after surgery, and were supported by moderate-to-low certainty evidence with limited functional outcome data. Further high-quality, adequately powered RCTs with standardised functional endpoints and longer follow-up are required to define optimal dosing, clarify safety, and determine whether improved analgesia translates into meaningful gains in rehabilitation and recovery. Full article

Land-intensive high-density residential development often comes at the cost of compromised natural ventilation efficiency and reduced capacity for urban heat island mitigation, and such trade-offs are particularly pronounced in valley cities due to topographical constraints. Taking Lanzhou Yineng Huanghe Jiayuan as a case study, this research constructs a “Source-Flow-Sink” landscape ventilation efficiency measurement framework based on circuit theory and CFD numerical simulation. Combined with correlation analysis and multiple linear regression, the coupling mechanism between spatial morphology and ventilation efficiency is examined. The results indicate that: (1) The study area exhibits a ventilation pattern characterized by “Source” in the north, “Flow” in the middle, and “Sink” in the south; (2) The wind speed ratio in the residential area shows a highly significant negative correlation with vegetation coverage, and a significant negative correlation with building dispersion and average building height; (3) Based on three configuration modes of “Source-Flow-Sink”, differentiated micro-renewal strategies that do not alter the core indicators of land intensification are proposed, providing a scientific basis for climate-adaptive design of intensive residential areas in valley cities. Full article

Triptolide (TP) is an effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent, yet its clinical application is constrained by significant male reproductive toxicity. Curcumin, a natural antioxidant, exhibits protective effects; however, whether it protects against TP-induced damage during mouse spermatogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Methods: Proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the protective mechanism of curcumin in mouse GC-1 cells, followed by multiple validation assays including CCK-8 assay, apoptosis detection, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Fe²⁺ levels, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting (WB), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and immunofluorescence. Results: Proteomic analysis revealed that curcumin primarily ameliorated TP-induced damage in mouse spermatogonia by modulating ferroptosis-related pathways. Curcumin elevated GSH levels; reduced MDA, ROS, and Fe²⁺ levels; alleviated lipid peroxidation; and regulated ferroptosis-related pathways in both TP-induced GC-1 cells and testicular tissue. These effects were associated with upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, Gclc, and Map1lc3a and downregulation of Tfrc and Dmt1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the protective effect of curcumin against TP-induced spermatogonial damage. Conclusions: Curcumin regulated ferroptosis-related pathways by modulating the expression of Nrf2, Gclc, Map1lc3a, Tfrc, and Dmt1, thereby significantly ameliorating TP-induced damage in mouse spermatogonia. Full article

Background/Objectives: Medication adherence is a critical determinant of therapeutic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its relationship with glycemic control remains inconsistent, particularly in real-world and socially vulnerable settings. This study aimed to evaluate medication adherence using multiple validated instruments, assess disease-related knowledge, and examine their relationship with glycemic control, with a focus on potential discordance between self-reported adherence and objective metabolic outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 237 adults with T2DM receiving care in a primary health care (PHC) unit in the Brazilian Amazon. Medication adherence was assessed using the Almeida Adherence Scale, ARMS-12, and the Haynes–Sackett test, while disease-related knowledge was evaluated using the Batalla–Martínez questionnaire. Glycemic control was determined based on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values obtained from clinical records within the previous three months. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Results: The study population was predominantly female (64.1%) and aged 40–59 years (55.7%), with a high prevalence of socioeconomic vulnerability. Non-adherence was identified in 55.7% of participants using the Almeida Adherence Scale, whereas higher adherence rates were observed with ARMS-12 (91.1%) and the Haynes–Sackett test (72.2%). Inadequate disease-related knowledge was found in 77.2% of participants. Among individuals with available HbA1c data (n = 116), the mean HbA1c was 8.63% (SD = 1.65), and 81.9% presented inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Notably, among participants classified as adherent by the ARMS-12 scale (91.1%), inadequate glycemic control was nonetheless present in 81.9% of those with available HbA1c data, illustrating the magnitude of the observed discordance between self-reported adherence and objective metabolic outcomes. Cross-tabulation of each adherence instrument against glycemic control showed no statistically significant associations (chi-square with Yates correction; ARMS-12: p = 0.631, φ = 0.045; Almeida Adherence Scale: p = 0.301, φ = 0.096; Haynes–Sackett: p = 0.800, φ = 0.024). Multivariable logistic regression (Nagelkerke R² = 0.321; AUC = 0.834) identified older age (aOR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87–0.96; p < 0.001) and higher income (aOR = 9.96; 95% CI: 2.05–48.32; p = 0.004) as independent predictors of glycemic outcome, while no adherence measure was independently associated with HbA1c ≥ 7%. A sensitivity analysis using HbA1c ≥ 8.0% revealed poor control in 59.5% of participants (n = 69/116). Conclusions: Despite varying levels of self-reported medication adherence, inadequate glycemic control was highly prevalent. The absence of statistically significant associations between self-reported adherence and HbA1c, combined with the high prevalence of poor glycemic control regardless of adherence status, is consistent with the hypothesis that adherence alone does not fully explain metabolic outcomes in T2DM. Given the cross-sectional design, no causal inferences can be drawn. These findings highlight the need for integrated care strategies in primary health care, including improved health literacy, structured pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and the use of multiple adherence assessment tools to better inform clinical decision-making. Full article

Background/Objectives: Severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) frequently coexist and are associated with type 2 inflammation, leading to poor symptom control and high healthcare burden. Biologic therapies targeting IL-4Rα and IL-5/IL-5R have shown efficacy in type 2 inflammatory asthma and CRSwNP, but comprehensive evidence on their efficacy, safety, and research trends is limited. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating dupilumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, or reslizumab in patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma and/or CRSwNP. Primary outcomes included lung function (FEV1), symptom control (ACQ, SNOT-22, nasal polyp score), and serious adverse events (SAEs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots and Trim-and-Fill analysis. Bibliometric analysis was performed to identify publication trends and emerging research directions. Results: A total of 23 RCTs involving 8758 participants were included. Biologic therapy was not associated with a significant increase in serious adverse events (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.89–1.50). Compared with control treatment, biologics significantly improved FEV1 (MD = 100.67 mL, 95% CI: 65.94–135.40) and ACQ scores (MD = −0.40, 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.25). In patients with CRSwNP and comorbid asthma, biologics also improved SNOT-22 scores (MD = −13.16, 95% CI: −24.85 to −1.47) and nasal polyp scores (MD = −1.31, 95% CI: −1.95 to −0.68). Dupilumab trials showed larger reductions in nasal polyp score than IL-5/IL-5R-targeted trials, although this indirect comparison should be interpreted cautiously. Bibliometric analysis indicated increasing research attention to upstream epithelial targets such as TSLP. Conclusions: Both IL-4Rα and IL-5/IL-5R-targeted biologics are effective and well-tolerated in type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. IL-4Rα inhibition shows favorable upper-airway outcomes in CRSwNP with asthma, but head-to-head trials are needed to clarify its comparative efficacy relative to IL-5/IL-5R-targeted therapies. Emerging research directions are shifting toward upstream epithelial alarmin antibodies. Full article