Multifunctional polyurethane shape memory polymers (PU-SMPs) have been of increasing interest in various applications. Here we report structure characterization, detailed methodology, and obtained results on the identification of functional propertie...
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) with the remarkable ability to remember a temporary shape and recover their original one using temperature have been gaining more and more attention in a wide range of applications. Traditionally, SMPs ar...
The ever-increasing demand for materials to have superior properties and satisfy functions in the field of soft robotics and beyond has resulted in the advent of the new field of four-dimensional (4D) printing. The ability of these materials to respo...
In this paper, we experimentally investigate the influence of storage at 40 °C on the shape memory performance and mechanical behavior of a pre-stretched commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This is to simulate the scenario in many applic...
Smart materials are much discussed in the current research scenario. The shape memory effect is one of the most fascinating occurrences in smart materials, both in terms of the phenomenon and its applications. Many metal alloys and polymers exhibit t...
We report a facile approach to control the shape memory effects and thermomechanical characteristics of a lignin-based multiphase polymer. Solvent fractionation of a syringylpropane-rich technical organosolv lignin resulted in selective lignin struct...
Porous shape memory hybrids are fabricated with different matrix (silicone) hardness and different inclusion (polycaprolactone, PCL) ratios. They are characterized to obtain their mechanical response to cyclic loads (with/without pre-straining/progra...
Shape-memory polymer nanocomposites (SMPNCs) have emerged as a transformative class of smart materials, combining the versatility of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) with the enhanced properties imparted by nanostructures. Integrating these nanofillers,...
PETG/POE blends are thermo-responsive shape-memory systems with composition-dependent deformation and thermomechanical recovery behavior, but their molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this work, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were perfor...
An epoxy-based shape memory polymer (SMP) is synthesized and examined for its deterioration in shape fixity due to springback and isothermal viscoelastic recovery at different ambient temperatures. Shape fixity depends not only on material properties...
Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) have been manufactured by press moulding of carbon fibre-reinforced (CFR) prepregs with SMP interlayers. SMPC laminates have been produced with different numbers of CFR plies (i.e., 2, 4, 6, and 8) and differen...
Thermo-responsive, biocompatible polyurethane (PU) with shape memory properties is highly desirable for biomedical applications. An innovative approach to producing wound closure strips using shape memory polymers (SMPs) is of significant interest. I...
In this study, a new strategy and design for achieving a shape memory effect (SME) and 4D printed two-layer composite structures is unveiled, thanks to fused deposition modeling (FDM) biomaterial printing of commercial filaments, which do not have an...
Generally, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is added to poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to reduce brittleness and improve mechanical properties. However, shape memory properties of PEG/PLA blends suffered due to the blend’s incompatibility. To enhance shape...
Deployable shape-memory polymer lattice architectures enable transitions between compact temporary configurations and recovered geometries, with their performance governed by cellular topology, compressibility, shape recovery, and post-cycle mechanic...
This study explores the development of 4D-printed smart structures based on PLA/PETG (75/25) polymer blends reinforced with nanocellulose (0–3 wt%), processed using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Both conventional U-shaped specimens and anti...
Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are a unique class of smart materials capable of recovering their original shape upon external stimuli, with thermoresponsive polyurethane (PU) being one of the most widely studied systems. However, the relatively low mec...
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) exhibits excellent shape memory properties but suffers from brittleness and a high glass transition temperature (Tg), limiting its utility in flexible and durable applications. This study explored the modification of PLA prope...
This paper evaluates the role of minor component polybenzoxazine (PB) on shape-memory properties of polyurethanes (PU) with glassy and crystalline soft segments. The polymer compounds were prepared in two steps. In the first step, benzoxazine, polyur...
Melt electrowriting is a relatively new additive manufacturing technique capable of the controlled deposition of polymeric fibers to manufacture pre-programmed structures at micron scale. In this research, a blend of poly (ε-caprolactone) and...
Shape memory composites of trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with easily achievable transition temperatures were prepared by a simple physical blending method. Carbon black (CB) was introduced to improve the mechanical...
Polymers that allow the adjustment of Shape-Memory properties by the variation of physical parameters during programming are advantageous compared with their counterparts requiring synthesis of new material. Here, we explored the influence of hydroly...
In this report, the synthesis of poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL) (co)polymers and their incorporation into polyurethanes (PUs) are reported. Optimal conditions for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) using di...
A novel shape memory polymer composite was fabricated by introducing various amounts of silicon carbide whiskers (SiCws) into a shape memory epoxy. The relationship between the thermomechanical properties of the system and structural changes were inv...
Novel, fully biobased shape memory thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared using two sustainable biopolymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and modified natural Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG-g-GMA), via a dynamic vulcanization technique. Simultaneous...
This article deals with the synthesis of plant oil-based shape memory materials from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and polycaprolactone (PCL). PolyESO/PCLs were synthesized by an acid-catalyzed curing in the presence of PCL. During the reaction, PCL s...
To broaden the types and scope of use of shape-memory polymers (SMPs), we added the hindered phenol 3,9-bis[1,1-dimethyl-2-{b-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}ethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5,5]-undecane (AO-80), which comprises sm...
Intelligent responsive materials have become one of the most exciting fields in the research of new materials in the past few decades due to their practical and potential applications in aerospace, biomedicine, textile, electronics, and other relativ...
Shape memory properties of PET (polyethylene-terephthalate) foams have been evaluated for two different foam densities. Samples were subjected to multiple memory-recovery cycles along three different directions to measure the effect of foam anisotrop...
The paper discusses the possibility of using in situ generated hybrid polymer-polymer nanocomposites as polymeric materials with triple shape memory, which, unlike conventional polymer blends with triple shape memory, are characterized by fully separ...
In this work, new polymers with a shape memory effect for self-healing coatings based on oligomers with terminal epoxy groups, synthesized from oligotetramethylene oxide dioles of various molecular weights, were developed. For this purpose, a simple...
For the past two decades, researchers have been exploring the potential benefits of combining shape-memory polymers (SMP) with carbon nanotubes (CNT). By incorporating CNT as reinforcement in SMP, they have aimed to enhance the mechanical properties...
This paper investigates the impact of halloysite nanotube (HNT) content on mechanical and shape memory properties of additively manufactured polyurethane (PU)/HNT nanocomposites. The inclusion of 8 wt% HNTs increases their tensile strength by 30.4% w...
The use of shape memory polymer composites is growing rapidly in smart structure applications. In this work, an active asymmetric composite called “controlled behavior composite material (CBCM)” is used as shape memory polymer composite. The programm...
A series of CO2-based thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) were prepared using CO2-based poly(polycarbonate) diol (PPCDL), 4,4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), and polypropylene glycol (PPG and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as the raw materia...
Shape memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) are typically synthesized using polyols of low molecular weight (MW~2,000 g/mol) as it is believed that the high density of cross-links in these low molecular weight polyols are essential for high mechanical strengt...
In situ-generated nanofibrillar polymer–polymer composites are excellent candidates for the production of polymer materials, with high mechanical and SME properties. Their special feature is the high degree of dispersion of the in situ-generate...
Shape-memory carbon fiber (CF) polymer composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) as a filler based on a bio-based V-fa/ECO copolymer were prepared at different graphene GnPs and CF mass fractions using the hand lay-up and hot-pressing...
Triple-shape memory epoxy (EP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) systems (PCL content: 23 wt %) with different structures (PCL nanoweb embedded in EP matrix and EP/PCL with co-continuous phase structure) were produced. To set the two temporary shapes, the glass...
Shape memory polymers are attractive smart materials that have many practical applications and academic interest. Three-dimensional (3D) printable shape memory polymers are of great importance for the fabrication of soft robotic devices due to their...
The performance and programming conditions of the triple shape memory of crosslinked trans-polyisoprene/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (TPI/EVA) composites with different contents of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were investigated. The effect of triple sh...
Vat photopolymerization offers a powerful route for high-resolution 4D printing; however, designing shape memory polymers that simultaneously exhibit printability, mechanical robustness, dimensional fidelity, and efficient thermally triggered shape m...
In this research, blends of bio-based polybenzoxazine (V-fa) and polycaprolactone (PCL) with different molecular weights (Mn) (14,000, 45,000, and 80,000 Da) were prepared with varying PCL content from 10 to 95 wt%. The spectra measured using Fourier...
Modified ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with calcium stearate (CS) and polyethylene wax (PEW) is a feasible method to improve the fluidity of materials because of the tense entanglement network formed by the extremely long molecula...
In this research, benzoxazine (BA-a) and diamino polysiloxane (PSX750) blends were prepared at 0–50 wt% of BA-a. The interactions between two polymeric components were investigated via a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). The ther...
In this work, a fast water-responsive shape memory hybrid polymer based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by crosslinking with hydroxyethyl cotton cellulose nanofibers (CNF-C) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The effect of CNT...
Low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) was used as an additive to prepare epoxy-resin-based shape memory polymer composites (LMPA/EP SMP), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests were performed to demonstrate the shape memory effect, storage modulus, and...
The presented research focuses on the synthesis and structure–properties relationship of poly(carbonate-urea-urethane) (PCUU) systems including investigations on shape-memory effect capability. Furthermore, we approached the topic from a broade...
In four-dimensional additive manufacturing (4DAM), specific external stimuli are applied in conjunction with additive manufacturing technologies. This combination allows the development of tailored stimuli-responsive properties in various materials,...
Shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) are promising materials in aerospace thanks to their light weight and ability to provide an actuation load during shape recovery, the magnitude of which depends on the laminates design. In this work, SMPCs were...
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