2,948 Results Found

Background/Objectives: Several studies describe the sex-specific differences in cardiovascular diseases. However, there is still limited research reporting the difference between men and women with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH...

New indexes of adiposity have been introduced to evaluate body-fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk. However, data on the correlation between Insulin Resistance (IR) and these new indexes are limited. We therefore evaluated the relationship betw...

In transplant recipients vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended to reduce mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease. It is still debated if vaccination in transplant recipients triggers alloresponses. Therefore, it was our aim...

Several studies have examined performance on the Wechsler batteries in typically developing children and adolescents. In particular, some studies suggest that cognitive functioning may differ between males and females. In this framework, the present...

Sex-specific differences have been increasingly recognized in many human diseases including brain cancer, namely glioblastoma. Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an exceedingly rare type of brain cancer that tends to have a higher incidence and worse ou...

Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities in cardiometabolic diseases, affecting nearly one third of adults. As a result, its pathophysiological mechanisms have been studied extensively and are focused around pressure natriuresis, the reni...

Background/Objectives: There is clear evidence for the higher prevalence of varicose veins (VVs) among women. In this regard, the research on sex differences affecting this condition is very important for sex-specific health care. We aimed to assess...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, represent a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy, but their efficacy varies notably between individuals, influenced by complex biological systems. Recent evidence suggests that se...

Background/Objectives: Human milk (HM) meets the nutritional needs of term-born infants. However, it remains unclear whether HM macronutrient concentrations and intakes differ by infant sex. We investigated sex- and country-specific differences in HM...

Premenopausal women generally exhibit lower blood pressure and a lower prevalence of hypertension than men of the same age, but these differences reverse postmenopause due to estrogen withdrawal. Sexual dimorphism has been described in different comp...

Human milk contains macronutrients possibly affecting infant and early childhood growth. Most studies suggest a sex-specific difference in macronutrient levels in favor of males, with a higher energy content from fat, lactose, and protein. Further, m...

Sex differences have been well identified in many brain tumors. Even though glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has the worst outcome, well-established differences between men and women are limited to inc...

Obesity has been regarded as a risk factor for several ocular diseases. This study aims to investigate the age- and sex-specific relationship between epiblepharon and obesity in children. A retrospective case–control study was conducted using t...

Challenging the assumption of uniform nutritional needs in preterm feeding, this study identifies crucial sex-specific disparities in formula milk intake and growth among late preterm infants. Premature infants have difficulty regulating their oral i...

Background: Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with childhood asthma; however, its role in adult bronchial asthma (BA), particularly in Japanese populations, remains unclear. The potential influence of sex-based differences also warrants in...

Gout, an inflammatory disease orchestrated by interleukin-1β activation and release, is more prevalent in men. The clinical profiles of patients with gout report differences by sex. This study aims to investigate sex-specific cytokine profiles i...

Introduction: Sex-specific differences in psychopharmacological treatment have gained increasing attention in adults, with studies showing that women often have higher serum concentrations of psychotropic drugs due to biological differences. However,...

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is defined by an acute memory disturbance of unclear aetiology for a period of less than 24 h. Observed psychological, neuroanatomical and hormonal differences between the sexes in episodic memory suggest sex-specific d...

Women are at a significantly higher risk of developing osteoarthritis (OA) compared to males. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in women is poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play an essential role in numerous si...

Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) plays a pivotal role in innate immune responses and macrophage polarization. Although its role in obesity-associated inflammation has been described, sex-specific differences in adipose IRF5 expression and its as...

Genome-wide association studies have expanded our understanding of the genetic variation of hypertension. Hypertension and blood pressure are influenced by sex-specific differences; therefore, genetic variants may have sex-specific effects on phenoty...

Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been recognized to play a crucial role in cancer development, but these mechanisms vary between sexes. Therefore, we focused on sex-specific differences in the context of cancer-based data from a recent stud...

Background: Trelegy Ellipta is a widely prescribed triple inhaler therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although its clinical efficacy is well established, evidence on sex-specific differences in adverse event (AE) profiles from r...

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke are the most common cause of death worldwide and are regularly based on risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or obesity. At the same time, both diseases an...

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease and affects male patients more often than women. Prior studies, however, suggested that women are diagnosed later and at advanced stages of the disease,...

Background: Magnesium (Mg²⁺) plays a fundamental role in various physiological processes, including neuromuscular function, glucose metabolism, cardiovascular regulation, and bone health. Despite its significance, the influence of sex on magnesium me...

Cardiovascular disease and cancer remain the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality in high-income countries. Survival after myocardial infarction has improved but there is still a difference in clinical outcome, mortality, and developing he...

Background: Men and women with valvular heart disease have different risk profiles for clinical endpoints. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are possibly involved in cardio-metabolic disease. However, it is unclear whether NEFA concentrations are ass...

Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease associated with high blood glucose levels. Several co-morbidities arise from diabetes, the most common and severe one is diabetic neuropathy whose symptoms also include pain hypersensitivity. Currently, t...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in countermovement jump (CMJ) force–time metrics between male and female youth basketball players. Methods: Twenty-two female and seventeen male basketball players (ages 12&nda...

The impact of sex in the development of long-term toxicities affecting the quality of life of cancer survivors has not been investigated experimentally. To address this issue, a series of neurologic and cardiologic endpoints were used to investigate...

Sirt-3 is an important regulator of mitochondrial function and cellular energy homeostasis, whose function is associated with aging and various pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and can...

Although there is a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and numerous investigations have examined the mechanism of AF development in OSA patients, which includes cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and gap junction-r...

Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition is influenced by both age and sex and may contribute to dementia-related brain pathologies. However, comprehensive microbiome-based biomarker discovery stratified by th...

Sex-specific differences in behavior have been observed in anxiety and learning in children exposed to prenatal inflammation; however, whether these behaviors manifest differently by age is unknown. This study assesses possible behavioral changes due...

Epigenetic compounds have become attractive small molecules for targeting the multifaceted aspects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although AD disproportionately affects women, most of the current literature investigating epigenetic compounds for...

Physical workload adversely impacts inflammation, oxidative stress and mood in heavy workers. We compared these risk parameters between metalworkers (n = 20) and office workers (n = 30), including gender differences. Blood samples were analyzed with...

The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the sex-specific differences in the toxic effects of water-accommodated fractions of 380# heavy fuel oil (HFO WAF) on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Sea urchins were acutely exposed...

Background/Objectives: Peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and nerve cross-sectional area (nCSA) are crucial parameters in neurophysiological assessments, yet their sex-specific differences are not fully understood. This study investigated sex...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man’s disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD)....

Dietary and social behaviour are non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Non-communicable diseases are related to dietary patterns. To date, little is known about how social behaviour is associated with health-related dietary patterns, an...

Background: Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile o...

In humans, sexual dimorphism can manifest in many ways and it is widely studied in several knowledge fields. It is increasing the evidence that also cells differ according to sex, a correlation still little studied and poorly considered when cells ar...

Obesity is a pediatric epidemic that is more prevalent in children with developmental disabilities. We hypothesize that soy protein-based diets increase weight gain and alter neurobehavioral outcomes. Our objective herein was to test matched casein-...

Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. The Dp10(1)Yey (Dp10) is a mouse model of DS that is trisomic for orthologs of 25% of the Hsa21 protein-coding genes, the entiret...

Background/Objectives: Suicide attempts represent a major global health problem. Traumatic suicide methods, such as falls from great heights, stab wounds, and gunshot wounds, frequently result in severe or fatal injuries. The COVID-19 pandemic, as we...

While the sexually dimorphic character of ischemic stroke has been acknowledged along several dimensions, age-specific sex disparities regarding pre-stroke characteristics in particular have received comparatively little attention. This study aimed t...

Heart failure (HF), which is a major clinical and public health challenge, commonly develops when the myocardial muscle is unable to pump an adequate amount of blood at typical cardiac pressures to fulfill the body’s metabolic needs, and compen...

Stress-related mental disorders have become increasingly prevalent, thus endangering mental health worldwide. Exploring stress-associated brain alterations is vital for understanding the possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes. B...

This narrative review aims to analyze sex-specific differences in oral health, examine hormonal influences in women during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, and compare oral health behaviors between men and women. Articles were selected based on: (1...