Skip to Content

209 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,342 Views
18 Pages

12 January 2026

Research on Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) has advanced to overcome the limited perception range of onboard sensors and the difficulty of inferring surrounding vehicles’ intentions by leveraging vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cooperative Perception and Control for Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
7,178 Views
21 Pages

Improving Roadside Unit Deployment in Vehicular Networks by Exploiting Genetic Algorithms

  • Manuel Fogue,
  • Julio A. Sanguesa,
  • Francisco J. Martinez and
  • Johann M. Marquez-Barja

9 January 2018

Vehicular networks make use of the Roadside Units (RSUs) to enhance the communication capabilities of the vehicles in order to forward control messages and/or to provide Internet access to vehicles, drivers and passengers. Unfortunately, within vehic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,324 Views
20 Pages

27 April 2022

Content-centric vehicular networks (CCVNs) have considered distributed proactive caching as an attractive approach for the timely provision of emerging services. The naïve caching schemes cache all of the contents to only one selected roadside u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Communications under Delay Tolerant Networking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,074 Views
22 Pages

18 November 2025

In the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), vehicles need to process a large amount of perception data to support tasks such as road navigation and autonomous driving. However, their computational resources are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to explore t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
4,195 Views
21 Pages

22 August 2018

As an auxiliary facility, roadside units (RSUs) can well improve the shortcomings incurred by ad hoc networks and promote network performance in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). However, deploying a large number of RSUs will lead to high installat...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
714 Views
29 Pages

26 March 2026

Emergency messages and augmented reality (AR) are becoming integral to intelligent vehicular systems, but their existence poses significant challenges due to conflicting requirements. Emergency short messages demand ultra-low latency and strict relia...

  • Review
  • Open Access
128 Citations
18,350 Views
31 Pages

Roadside Unit Deployment in Internet of Vehicles Systems: A Survey

  • Abderrahim Guerna,
  • Salim Bitam and
  • Carlos T. Calafate

21 April 2022

In recent years, the network technology known as Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has been developed to improve road safety and vehicle security, with the goal of servicing the digital demands of car drivers and passengers. However, the highly dynamical ne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in 2022)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
842 Views
19 Pages

Towards Dynamic V2X Infrastructure: Joint Deployment and Optimization of 6DMA-Enabled RSUs

  • Xianjing Wu,
  • Ruizhe Huang,
  • Chuliang Wei,
  • Xutao Chu,
  • Junbin Chen and
  • Shengjie Zhao

7 January 2026

The evolution towards 6G is set to transform Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks by introducing advanced technologies such as Six-Dimensional Movable Antenna (6DMA). This technology endows Roadside Units (RSUs) with dynamic beam-steering capabilitie...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
767 Views
19 Pages

Vehicular edge computing (VEC) enables vehicles to offload computation-intensive tasks to roadside units (RSUs) equipped with deep learning (DL) models, thereby supporting low-latency and accuracy-sensitive intelligent vehicular tasks. To adapt DL mo...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,198 Views
15 Pages

Mitigating Broadcasting Storm Using Multihead Nomination Clustering in Vehicular Content Centric Networks

  • Ayesha Siddiqa,
  • Muhammad Diyan,
  • Muhammad Toaha Raza Khan,
  • Malik Muhammad Saad and
  • Dongkyun Kim

15 September 2021

Vehicles are highly mobile nodes; therefore, they frequently change their topology. To maintain a stable connection with the server in high-speed vehicular networks, the handover process is restarted again to satisfy the content requests. To satisfy...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Electronics: Advances in Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,623 Views
16 Pages

Enhancing Traffic Efficiency and Sustainability through Strategic Placement of Roadside Units and Variable Speed Limits in a Connected Vehicle Environment

  • Kinjal Bhattacharyya,
  • Pierre-Antoine Laharotte,
  • Eleonore Fauchet,
  • Hugues Blache and
  • Nour-Eddin El Faouzi

29 August 2024

With the deployment of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITSs), the telecommunication systems and their performance occupy a key position in ensuring safe, robust, and resilient services to the end-users. Regardless of the adopted pro...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Transportation Systems towards Sustainable Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,455 Views
14 Pages

11 September 2024

Security is an important consideration when delivering information-aware messages to vehicles that are far away from the current location of the information-sending vehicle. This information helps the receiver to save fuel and time by making wise dec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transportation in the 21st Century: New Vision on Future Mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,187 Views
30 Pages

31 December 2025

Network slicing in 5G systems enables different Quality of Service (QoS) for heterogeneous Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) applications, yet efficiently allocating resource blocks from both 5G base stations and roadside units (RSUs) across multiple slice...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
3,989 Views
19 Pages

Provably Secure with Efficient Data Sharing Scheme for Fifth-Generation (5G)-Enabled Vehicular Networks without Road-Side Unit (RSU)

  • Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda,
  • Selvakumar Manickam,
  • Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed,
  • Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi,
  • Amjad Qtaish,
  • Abdullah J. Alzahrani,
  • Gharbi Alshammari,
  • Amer A. Sallam and
  • Khalil Almekhlafi

11 August 2022

The vehicles in the fifth-generation (5G)-enabled vehicular networks exchange the data about road conditions, since the message transmission rate and the downloading service rate have been considerably brighter. The data shared by vehicles are vulner...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicular Networks and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,708 Views
19 Pages

A Novel Approach for Securing Nodes Using Two-Ray Model and Shadow Effects in Flying Ad-Hoc Network

  • Manjit Kaur,
  • Deepak Prashar,
  • Mamoon Rashid,
  • Sultan S. Alshamrani and
  • Ahmed Saeed AlGhamdi

19 December 2021

In the last decades, flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) have provided unique features in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This work intends to propose an efficient algorithm for secure load balancing in FANET. It is performed with the combin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks in Intelligent Transportation Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,671 Views
31 Pages

27 November 2014

In vehicular ad hoc networks, roadside units (RSUs) placement has been proposed to improve the the overall network performance in many ITS applications. This paper addresses the budget constrained and delay-bounded placement problem (BCDP) for roadsi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Computing for Mobile Security and Big Data Analytics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
974 Views
18 Pages

This paper establishes a new mobile electronic toll collection (m-ETC) by integrating mobile communication with radio frequency (RF) communication on microprocessor control with an e-commerce business model. A simple ETC system architecture and proto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,891 Views
15 Pages

A Multi-Objective Roadside Unit Deployment Model for an Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

  • Liangjie Yu,
  • Zihui Zhang,
  • Jiajian Li,
  • Jing Ma and
  • Yong Wang

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a type of mobile ad hoc network that forms a unified wireless communication network between vehicles and roadside nodes. Roadside units (RSUs), as the infrastructure and key component of VANETs, play a critical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,225 Views
15 Pages

10 August 2024

This paper proposes a new hybrid hierarchical roadside unit (RSU) deployment algorithm that combines traditional RSU deployment strategies with temporary RSUs (t-RSUs) selected from many parked vehicles. The driving vehicles in the corresponding RSU...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Methods and Technologies for Intelligent Vehicles: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,605 Views
19 Pages

5 July 2024

Optimizing the deployment of roadside units (RSUs) holds great potential for enhancing the delay performance of vehicular ad hoc networks. However, there has been limited focus on devising RSU deployment strategies tailored specifically for highway i...

(This article belongs to the Section Vehicular Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,227 Views
29 Pages

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile Ad Hoc Network that mainly consists of moving and/or stationary vehicles, connected through wireless protocols such as IEEE 802.11p and wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE). With th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ambidextrous Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,362 Views
14 Pages

VaNetChain: A Framework for Trustworthy Exchanges of Information in VANETs Based on Blockchain and a Virtualization Layer

  • Paúl Vintimilla-Tapia,
  • Jack Bravo-Torres,
  • Martín López-Nores,
  • Pablo Gallegos-Segovia,
  • Esteban Ordóñez-Morales and
  • Manuel Ramos-Cabrer

9 November 2020

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) face challenges related to the reliability of the data exchanged and the unstability of the communication links. These shortcomings have hampered the development of the long-awaited applications that would turn road...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Implementation of Vehicular Cloud Networks Using Wireless Sensor)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,609 Views
18 Pages

13 November 2024

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology has the capability to enhance road safety by enabling wireless exchange of telematics and spatiotemporal information between connected vehicles (CVs). Effective V2X communication depends on rapid information sha...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
692 Views
28 Pages

Multi-Target Tracking with Collaborative Roadside Units Under Foggy Conditions

  • Tao Shi,
  • Xuan Wang,
  • Wei Jiang,
  • Xiansheng Huang,
  • Ming Cen,
  • Shuai Cao and
  • Hao Zhou

3 February 2026

The Intelligent Road Side Unit (RSU) is a crucial component of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), where roadside LiDAR are widely utilized for their high precision and resolution. However, water droplets and atmospheric particles in fog signi...

(This article belongs to the Section Vehicular Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,535 Views
19 Pages

Rogue Node Detection Based on a Fog Network Utilizing Parked Vehicles

  • Jiwei Hua,
  • Bo Zhang,
  • Jinao Wang,
  • Xin Shao and
  • Jinqi Zhu

4 January 2023

Rogue nodes in the Internet of vehicles (IoV) bring traffic congestion, vehicle collision accidents and other problems, which will cause great social losses. Therefore, rogue node discovery plays an important role in building secure IoV environments....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Engineering in Cloud Computing and Cloud Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,537 Views
17 Pages

29 March 2023

In Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System (CVIS), the roadside unit (RSU) obtains many kinds of monitoring data through observation equipment carried by the RSU. The monitoring data from RSUs are transmitted to an RSU that is connected to the back...

(This article belongs to the Topic Internet of Things: Latest Advances)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,670 Views
24 Pages

In the process of vehicles transitioning from conventional means of transportation to mobile computing platforms, ensuring secure communication and data exchange is of paramount importance. Consequently, identity authentication has emerged as a cruci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,560 Views
14 Pages

Blockchain Based Trust Model Using Tendermint in Vehicular Adhoc Networks

  • Sandeep Kumar Arora,
  • Gulshan Kumar and
  • Tai-hoon Kim

24 February 2021

Blockchain is the consensus-based technology used to resolve conflicts in Byzantine environments. Vehicles validate the messages received from neighboring vehicles using the gradient boosting technique (GBT). Based on the validation results, the mess...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytics, Privacy and Security for IoT and Big Data)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,464 Views
23 Pages

11 October 2022

Blind intersections have high accident rates due to the poor visibility of oncoming traffic, high traffic speeds, and lack of infrastructure (e.g., stoplights). These intersections are more commonplace in rural areas, where traffic infrastructure is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Vehicular Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,541 Views
23 Pages

Research on Vehicle Pose Detection Method Based on a Roadside Unit

  • Juan Ni,
  • Xiangcun Kong,
  • Bingchen Yan,
  • Shuzhe Si,
  • Shuyue Shi,
  • Dong Guo,
  • Pengwei Wang,
  • Lei Wang and
  • Yi Xu

21 July 2024

Vehicle pose detection plays a vital role in modern automotive technology, which can improve driving safety, enhance vehicle stability and provide important support for the development of autonomous driving technology. The current pose estimation met...

(This article belongs to the Section Vehicular Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,829 Views
18 Pages

Optimization of Roadside Unit Deployment on Highways under the Evolution of Intelligent Connected-Vehicle Permeability

  • Luyu Zhang,
  • Youfu Lu,
  • Ning Chen,
  • Peng Wang,
  • Weilin Kong,
  • Qingbin Wang,
  • Guizhi Qin and
  • Zhenhua Mou

17 July 2023

With the increasing number of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs), the heterogeneous traffic flow on highways now consists of a mix of CAVs and Non-networked Autonomous Vehicles (NAVs). The current deployment of Roadside Units (RSUs) on highways...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Transportation in Sustainable Development Environment: Multi-Modal Transportation and Connected Automated Vehicle (CAV) Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,526 Views
23 Pages

A Stackelberg Game-Based Caching Incentive Scheme for Roadside Units in VANETs

  • Yang Wang,
  • Yuankun Lin,
  • Lingyu Chen and
  • Jianghong Shi

19 November 2020

As a key technology of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been promising to provide safety and infotainment for drivers and passengers. To support different applications about traffic safety, traffic eff...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
403 Views
27 Pages

In highly dynamic vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicles frequently move across the coverage areas of multiple roadside units (RSUs), making secure and efficient continuous vehicle-to-infrastructure access essential. However, repeated full auth...

(This article belongs to the Section Cybersecurity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
292 Views
24 Pages

EDAKA-IoV: A Resource-Efficient Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Vehicle-to-RSU Communications

  • Ziyi Zhou,
  • Xiaochang Yu,
  • Rui Fang,
  • Hairui Huang,
  • Zhichao Xing and
  • Ximeng Liu

24 August 2026

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) relies on frequent vehicle-to-roadside-unit (RSU) access over open wireless channels, making efficient authentication and key establishment essential. In many existing authentication and key agreement (AKA) schemes, a t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT Device Authentication and Authorization: Securing Endpoints in a Connected World)
  • Article
  • Open Access
367 Views
21 Pages

3 July 2026

Vehicular Internet of Things (V-IoT) networks require reliable scheduling for safety-critical communication, cooperative awareness, and cooperative perception under dynamic mobility and limited roadside infrastructure. This paper proposes MoReSP, a M...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods in Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,832 Views
23 Pages

Due to the characteristics of high-speed movement of vehicles, authentication between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) needs to be performed quickly. Vehicles can obtain the authentication information of the relevant RSUs from the certification aut...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Communication and Networking)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,229 Views
29 Pages

A Novel Energy-Efficient Reservation System for Edge Computing in 6G Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

  • Farhan Javed,
  • Zuhaib Ashfaq Khan,
  • Shahzad Rizwan,
  • Sonia Shahzadi,
  • Nauman Riaz Chaudhry and
  • Muddesar Iqbal

22 June 2023

The roadside unit (RSU) is one of the fundamental components in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), where a vehicle communicates in infrastructure mode. The RSU has multiple functions, including the sharing of emergency messages and the updating of v...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Edge Computing and Networked Sensing in 6G Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,877 Views
22 Pages

A Roadside and Cloud-Based Vehicular Communications Framework for the Provision of C-ITS Services

  • Emanuel Vieira,
  • João Almeida,
  • Joaquim Ferreira,
  • Tiago Dias,
  • Ana Vieira Silva and
  • Lara Moura

1 March 2023

Road infrastructure plays a critical role in the support and development of the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) paradigm. Roadside Units (RSUs), equipped with vehicular communication capabilities, traffic radars, cameras, and other...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Information in 2023)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,715 Views
19 Pages

Cluster-Based Vehicle-to-Everything Model with a Shared Cache

  • Andrei Vladyko,
  • Gleb Tambovtsev,
  • Elena Podgornaya,
  • Samia Allaoua Chelloug,
  • Reem Alkanhel and
  • Pavel Plotnikov

7 July 2023

This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the element interaction model in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). An analysis of the mathematical model and its numerical solution for the system of boundary device interactions in the tradit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Planning and Internet of Things: Mathematical Modeling, Connectivity Problems, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,107 Views
18 Pages

24 March 2020

The outage performance is a significant problem to implement the Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm in the Vehicle to Everything (V2X) networks. Recently, more interest has focused on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in wireless-powered communication...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,587 Views
15 Pages

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile ad hoc network composed of communication between vehicles, between vehicles and roadside units, and between vehicles and pedestrians, in order to achieve traffic safety and entertainment services. The de...

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,277 Views
23 Pages

A Blockchain-Based Collaborative Storage Scheme for Roadside Unit Clusters in Social Internet of Vehicles

  • Dai Hou,
  • Lan Wei,
  • Lei Zheng,
  • Geng Wu,
  • Jiaxing Hu,
  • Chenxi Dong,
  • Xinru Li and
  • Kai Peng

21 April 2025

With the gradual application of blockchain technology in the domain of Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV), the increasing volume of blockchain data has imposed significant storage pressure on roadside units (RSUs). Collaborative storage schemes, whic...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT and Edge Computing for Smart Infrastructure and Cybersecurity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,765 Views
21 Pages

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), which are networks of communicating vehicles, provide the essential infrastructure for intelligent transportation systems. Thanks to the significant research efforts to develop the technological background of VANET...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Queueing Methods in Reliability Theory and Information Technology Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,449 Views
15 Pages

Road-Side Unit Anomaly Detection

  • Mohamed-Lamine Benzagouta,
  • Hasnaâ Aniss,
  • Hacène Fouchal and
  • Nour-Eddin El Faouzi

20 October 2023

Actors of the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) generate various amounts of data. Useful information on various issues such as anomalies, failures, road profiles, etc., could be revealed from the analysis of these data. The analysis,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,786 Views
22 Pages

18 July 2022

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) aim to provide a comfortable driving experience. Sharing messages in VANETs can help with traffic management, congestion mitigation, and driving safety. However, forged or false messages may undermine the efficiency...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parallel and Edge Computing with Artificial Intelligence for Sensor Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,811 Views
23 Pages

20 August 2024

Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have experienced significant development in recent years, playing a crucial role in enhancing the driving experience by enabling safer and more efficient inter-vehicle interactions through information exchange. Vehicl...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
638 Views
32 Pages

2 March 2026

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) must sustain heterogeneous real-time content services, yet static roadside-unit (RSU) roles lead to congestion, coverage voids, and inefficient content delivery under bursty, concurrent demand. To address this issue...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,097 Views
18 Pages

14 April 2023

In the development of autonomous driving technology, 5G-NR vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology is a key technology that enhances safety and enables effective management of traffic information. Road-side units (RSUs) in 5G-NR V2X provide nearby veh...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor Networks for Vehicular Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,216 Views
27 Pages

10 October 2020

Roadside Units Deployment (RSUD) is of great importance to smart transportation with the Internet of Things (IoT). It is believed to be not feasible for RSUD to cover and perceive the whole area due to the high installation and maintenance costs. The...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,447 Views
19 Pages

A Study on Reducing Traffic Congestion in the Roadside Unit for Autonomous Vehicles Using BSM and PVD

  • Sangmin Lee,
  • Jinhyeok Oh,
  • Minchul Kim,
  • Myongcheol Lim,
  • Keon Yun,
  • Heesun Yun,
  • Chanmin Kim and
  • Juntaek Lee

With the rapid advancement of autonomous vehicles reshaping urban transportation, the importance of innovative traffic management solutions has escalated. This research addresses these challenges through the deployment of roadside units (RSUs), aimed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Electric Vehicles Combined with Non-connected Vehicles in Smart Cities)

of 5