Search Results (2,400)

Textile-based sensors offer a promising platform for human-motion monitoring because of their flexibility, comfort, and ease of integration into clothing. The objective of this study was to develop a textile-based hybrid piezoresistive sensor by combining carbon black (CB) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with different filler geometries within a flexible poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) matrix. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in incorporating CB and CNFs into the same elastomeric sensing layer directly deposited onto an elastic knitted textile substrate and systematically comparing its sensing behavior with the corresponding single-filler CB/SEBS and CNF/SEBS systems. Three sensing coatings, CB/SEBS, CNF/SEBS, and hybrid CB+CNF/SEBS, were deposited onto textile substrates by blade coating. All formulations exhibited uniform coating and good adhesion to the fabric. Coating uniformity and adhesion were assessed through visual inspection, electron microscopy, and mechanical cycling by monitoring peeling, cracking, and delamination. Dynamic piezoresistive tests demonstrated that all sensors were capable of strain monitoring, while the 2 wt% CB+ 2 wt% CNF hybrid formulation exhibited the highest sensitivity among the investigated systems. The resistance response was dependent on both the magnitude and rate of strain deformation. The hybrid sensor was further successfully applied to monitor knee, wrist, and elbow movements during physical exercise. These findings demonstrate that the combination of CB and CNF fillers within a flexible SEBS matrix provides a promising route toward highly strain-sensitive textile sensors for wearable human-motion monitoring. Full article

Metabolic syndrome came to the attention of the scientific community several decades ago, and its definition has undergone multiple changes over time. It is currently defined by the coexistence of hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, with insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress representing important underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The latter two processes are major promoters of the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. In parallel, many individuals develop metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Growing evidence indicates that MASLD may interact bidirectionally with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic dysfunction and may contribute to cardiometabolic risk. These observations have prompted proposals for a broader cardio–reno–hepato–metabolic axis. However, MASLD is not currently included in the established cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) definition or staging system, and its incorporation remains an evolving conceptual extension. Prediabetes is a reversible condition characterized by abnormal glucose levels that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The American Diabetes Association defines prediabetes as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) = 5.7–6.4%, fasting plasma glucose = 100–125 mg/dL, or two-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test = 140–199 mg/dL. This comprehensive review examines traditional and genetic risk determinants, shared pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, clinical manifestations, emerging phenotypes, circulating microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers, complications, and the principal therapeutic strategies, including diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Particular attention is given to the recent approvals of resmetirom and semaglutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and to the expanding roles of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Cardiovascular, renal, metabolic, and hepatic disorders are frequently present in the same patient. Other individuals may develop this high-risk cluster over time. The aim of this article is to define the interplay between different metabolic conditions and to outline the best approach to diagnosis, monitoring, and effective integrated therapy. Full article

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which contributes to systemic metabolic dysregulation and diabetic myopathy (DM), a complication involving the loss of muscle mass and contractile function. Although hypoxic exercise has demonstrated metabolic benefits in chronic diseases, its efficacy against DM remains unclear. We hypothesized that hypoxic exercise would be more effective than normoxic exercise in ameliorating diabetic myopathy-associated skeletal muscle abnormalities. Accordingly, adult zebrafish underwent an 8-week high-glucose intervention combining high-glucose feeding and glucose immersion to establish a T2DM-associated diabetic myopathy model and were subsequently subjected to 5 weeks of normoxic or hypoxic exercise (28.8 cm/s, corresponding to 70% of critical swimming speed (Ucrit) determined under normoxic conditions, 2 h/day, 5 days/week) to compare their effects on skeletal muscle outcomes. Hypoxic exercise produced greater improvements in glucose tolerance and locomotor performance than normoxic exercise, while the effects on skeletal muscle morphological and atrophy-related indices varied across outcomes. Both normoxic exercise and intermittent hypoxic exposure altered the abundance of mitochondrial quality-control-related proteins in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish with diabetic myopathy, whereas hypoxic exercise produced more pronounced changes in several of these proteins. Moreover, hypoxic exercise more markedly increased the abundance of mitochondrial respiratory-chain proteins than aerobic exercise or intermittent hypoxic exposure alone. Marked reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was observed in the skeletal muscle of zebrafish with diabetic myopathy. Both aerobic and hypoxic exercise effectively reduced excessive ROS production, with hypoxic exercise producing the greater effect. Analysis of Foxo3a and its phosphorylation showed that p-Foxo3a expression decreased most prominently in the T2DM hypoxia exercise (DHE) group, indicating that hypoxic exercise is associated with modulation of Hif1a/Foxo3a-related signaling. Hypoxic exercise was associated with greater Hif1a protein abundance and lower Foxo3a Ser253 phosphorylation than normoxic exercise, accompanied by improved mitochondrial quality control and reduced ROS accumulation. In conclusion, hypoxic exercise ameliorated diabetic skeletal myopathy and was accompanied by modulation of Hif1a/Foxo3a-related signaling, more favorable mitochondrial morphology, altered abundance of mitochondrial quality-control-related and respiratory-chain proteins, and reduced dihydroethidium-detectable oxidative signals. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tactical populations must maintain high physical capacity and operational readiness despite substantial occupational demands and musculoskeletal injury risk. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) has potential applications in injury rehabilitation and the restoration or maintenance of physical capacity. However, BFRT research in tactical populations has not been systematically mapped. This review aimed to characterize the existing evidence. Methods: This scoping review followed JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidance. Seven databases and two clinical trial registries were searched. Two reviewers independently conducted study screening and data extraction. Evidence was summarized descriptively and graphically. Results: Thirty reports representing 21 studies were included, comprising 17 completed studies and 4 protocol- or registry-only studies. All completed studies involved military populations, and all planned studies targeted military populations. No eligible studies involving other tactical occupations were identified. Completed studies generally had small BFRT-exposed samples and short intervention durations, with male representation more common than female representation across studies. They mainly examined rehabilitation and fitness/performance. Individualized occlusion-pressure prescription and low-load resistance exercise were common. Strength/power was the most frequently assessed observed outcome, whereas occupational performance was rarely assessed. Safety and implementation reporting in completed studies remained incomplete. Conclusions: Completed BFRT studies in tactical populations have increased in recent years, but the evidence remains limited to military populations and exploratory in nature. Future studies should include non-military tactical occupations and more women, use larger samples and longer interventions, assess occupationally relevant outcomes, and improve the completeness and consistency of BFRT prescription, implementation, and safety reporting. Full article

Adherence to home-based exercise programs is central to rehabilitation, yet adherence to prescribed rest intervals remains largely unexplored. This narrative review synthesized relevant literature identified through targeted, purposive searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for publications from 2000 to 20 July 2026, supplemented by reference-list screening. Direct evidence is extremely limited: no study identified prospectively quantified adherence to prescribed rest intervals in a home-based rehabilitation setting. Accordingly, most interpretation is extrapolated from broader literature on general exercise adherence, resistance training, telerehabilitation, and digital monitoring. Rest duration can influence neuromuscular recovery, fatigue, and performance, providing a physiological rationale for studying recovery timing, but these effects do not establish the clinical consequences of rest-interval non-adherence. We distinguish participant adherence from intervention fidelity and propose temporal fidelity as a hypothesis-generating framework describing concordance between the intended and implemented timing structure of exercise. Explicit prescriptions, patient education, simplified timing cues, supervised familiarization, and digital monitoring are presented as candidate strategies rather than established rest-specific interventions. Prospective studies should objectively measure prescribed and actual recovery periods and determine whether temporal fidelity predicts or improves rehabilitation outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Clinically meaningful weight loss reduces fat mass but is commonly accompanied by loss of fat-free mass (FFM). Ketogenic diets are of interest because ketone bodies have plausible anabolic and anti-catabolic actions. This narrative review examined whether these mechanisms translate into preservation of lean compartments or skeletal muscle during weight loss in clinical studies. Methods: MEDLINE was searched via PubMed from database inception to 14 August 2026 using terms related to ketogenic exposure, body composition, muscle metabolism, and weight loss. Evidence was synthesised according to dietary context, energy and protein intake, population, exercise exposure, measurement modality, and timing relative to carbohydrate restriction or reintroduction. Results: Acute human studies demonstrate biological effects of ketone bodies on muscle protein turnover and signalling, but these findings do not establish long-term tissue preservation during ketogenic weight-loss diets. Supervised very-low-energy ketogenic diets generally produce weight loss composed predominantly of fat mass; however, comparative meta-analyses report small yet larger reductions in FFM or lean body mass than non-ketogenic regimens. Because most studies used hydration-sensitive compartment methods rather than direct anatomical imaging of skeletal muscle, the contributions of glycogen, water, and non-muscle lean tissues remain uncertain. Energy deficit, protein intake, resistance exercise, baseline adiposity, age, metabolic health, and training status may modify the observed response. Conclusions: Current evidence is insufficient to determine whether ketosis itself has either a protective or harmful effect on contractile skeletal muscle during weight loss. Ketogenic diets may be effective short-term options for selected adults with obesity, particularly within supervised protocols, but adequate protein, resistance exercise, and monitoring of strength and physical function remain the best-supported muscle-preserving strategies. Full article

Parkinson’s disease (PD) involves progressive basal ganglia dysfunction, with hyperexcitability of striatal indirect-pathway D2 medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) linked to motor impairment. Neuromotor rehabilitation is an important therapy, but its efficacy varies across interventions. This thematic review examines eleven rehabilitative strategies for PD, spanning forced and voluntary exercise (FE and VE respectively), non-invasive brain stimulation (rTMS, tDCS), and technology-based approaches such as exoskeletons, augmented reality, and dual-task training, within a framework distinguishing striatal recalibration from compensation via alternative motor networks. To formalize this distinction, a Bayesian ranking framework combines neurobiological plausibility with clinical evidence quality, identifying three functional clusters: a high-recalibration cluster (FE, p ≈ 0.80; LSVT BIG, p ≈ 0.62), an intermediate-uncertainty cluster (rTMS, HIIT, tDCS, treadmill, resistance training, Tai Chi/dance; 0.40–0.56), and a bypass/compensatory cluster (augmented reality, exoskeletons, dual-task training; p ≤ 0.33). This distinction between direct modulation of basal ganglia circuitry and recruitment of alternative motor networks, including the lateral premotor cortex, parieto-premotor circuits, and cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways, supports a precision rehabilitation approach in PD. Full article

Progressive resistance exercise training (RET) enhances skeletal muscle mass in healthy postmenopausal women (HEAs) and breast cancer survivors (BCSs) undergoing endocrine therapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as key epigenetic regulators of exercise-induced adaptations, functioning as tumor suppressors, oncomiRs, and modulators of skeletal muscle homeostasis. Nevertheless, the impact of RET on circulating miRNA profiles in this population remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to explore the effects of a 12-week progressive RET program on plasma miRNAs associated with tumor biology and skeletal muscle regulation in HEAs and BCSs. Five HEAs and five BCSs undergoing endocrine therapy completed a 12-week supervised progressive RET program (3 sessions/week, 60–80% 1RM). Plasma samples were collected before and after intervention, and candidate miRNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR, normalized to hsa-miR-16-5p, and analyzed using the 2^−ΔΔCt method. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between HEA and BCS in tumor suppressor miRNAs (miR-let-7f-5p, miR-125a-5p, miR-342-3p), oncomiRs (miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-221-3p), or skeletal muscle–related miRNAs (miR-206-3p, miR-486-5p) (p > 0.05). The only exception was miR-375-3p, which showed increased expression in HEA vs BCS (p = 0.037). After 12 weeks of RET, The BCS group showed increases in miR-125a-5p (p = 0.050) and miR-342-3p (p = 0.048) with significant group × time interactions that remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg False Discovery Rate (BH-FDR) correction (FDR-adjusted p = 0.042 for both). Both groups displayed a nominal increase in miR-375-3p (p = 0.042), which did not remain significant after FDR correction. No significant changes were detected for miR-let-7f-5p or the analyzed oncomiRs in either group. Both miR-206-3p and miR-486-5p exhibited upward trends in the BCS group (p > 0.05). In this exploratory study, 12-week RET program was associated with selective changes in plasma miRNA expression in the HEA and BCS groups, suggesting that this training regimen may act as an epigenetic modulator of circulating miRNAs involved in tumor suppression and skeletal muscle homeostasis. Full article

Age-related skeletal muscle wasting, clinically expressed as sarcopenia and frailty, significantly limits the efficacy of physical rehabilitation due to an underlying cellular bioenergetic decline, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic inflammaging. This narrative review synthesizes current physiological and clinical evidence evaluating mitochondria- targeted nutraceuticals as targeted metabolic adjuvants to physical exercise in older adults. Comprehensive literature searches were executed across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus following SANRA guidelines and the SPIDER framework to evaluate functional and bioenergetic outcomes in geriatric cohorts. The findings demonstrate that target-specific biofactors directly impact mitochondrial restrictions: ubiquinol and NAD⁺ precursors restore electron transport chain efficiency and biogenesis; urolithin A upregulates mitophagy to prevent the cytosolic extrusion of pro-inflammatory mitochondrial DNA, while creatine monohydrate and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids selectively restore downstream myofibrillar anabolic pathways. When translated to specialized clinical settings, including post-fracture orthopedic immobilization, chronic pain syndromes managed, and post-ICU-acquired weakness, these bioenergetic substrates safely mitigate tissue proteolysis and enhance recovery kinetics. In conclusion, structurally integrating biomarker-driven nutritional rehabilitation pathways with tailored exercise protocols provides the precise pro-anabolic microenvironment necessary to overcome anabolic resistance, ultimately shortening recovery timelines and maximizing functional independence in the aging population. Full article

Background: Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) after completing structured exercise programmes may contribute to sustaining functional and cognitive gains in older adults over the long term. This study investigated whether different levels of PA during the one-year follow-up were associated with the preservation of the physical and cognitive gains achieved after a high-speed resistance training (HSRT) intervention lasting 16 weeks. Methods: Thirty-six community-dwelling older adults who had previously finished a supervised 16-week HSRT programme were monitored for one year. According to self-reported PA assessed at the one-year follow-up, participants were allocated to either a light activity group (LAG, n = 20) or a moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, n = 16). The following tests were used to assess physical function: six-minute walk test (6MWT), chair-stand test, seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and handgrip strength (HGS), whereas global cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: Exploratory between-group comparisons indicated that participants in the MVAG tended to show better chair-stand performance at the six-month (d_unb = 0.76 [0.09 to 1.45]) and one-year (d_unb = 1.02 [0.34 to 1.74]) assessments. SMBT performance declined similarly in both groups throughout follow-up (LAG: d_unb = −0.41 [−0.61 to −0.24]; MVAG: d_unb = −0.44 [−0.72 to −0.21]). Although the group × time interaction did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.079, η_p² = 0.088), exploratory analyses showed that declines in chair-stand and TUG performance occurred mainly in the LAG, pointing to possible patterns related to the maintenance of functional capacity. Cognitive performance decreased post-intervention in both groups, regardless of the PA level. Conclusions: Higher levels of self-reported PA assessed at the one-year follow-up were associated with more favourable trends in lower-limb functional performance. Full article

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes progressive renal dysfunction through a complex interplay of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic disturbances. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on systemic adaptations as well as tissue-specific renal and muscular mechanisms in CKD rat models. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 2000 to 2026. Of 1287 records, 11 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 8 studies were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Methodological quality was assessed using the Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) checklist, with scores ranging from 5 to 7 out of 10. Exercise interventions included resistance training, treadmill running, aerobic exercise, and wheel climbing. Exercise training enhanced endothelial function and improved metabolic homeostasis while attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation through augmentation of endogenous antioxidant defenses. Restoration of redox balance suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways, resulting in reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These effects subsequently mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase activation, and apoptosis-related signaling, thereby preserving renal cellular viability. These adaptations translated into substantial histopathological protection, characterized by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, glomerular sclerosis, tubular degeneration, and extracellular matrix deposition. Preservation of renal microarchitecture contributed to improved filtration capacity and overall renal function. Furthermore, exercise promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and anabolic signaling in skeletal muscle via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)/transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM) pathways, enhancing protein synthesis and attenuating CKD-associated muscle wasting, thereby contributing to tissue-level protection and systemic physiological improvement. Full article

Adaptogens are a group of bioactive substances that are purported to enhance non-specific resistance to stress and promote physiological homeostasis. Adaptogens are typically derived from specific medicinal plants or fungi, with many having been used in folk medicine for centuries for their stress-reducing properties. Emerging evidence has shown that adaptogens modulate various aspects of stress responses through hormonal, neural, and cellular mechanisms, which are highly relevant to performance and responses to exercise. Adaptogens may exert ergogenic effects by modulating fatigue, autonomic balance, neuromuscular function, and metabolic responses during exercise. Collectively, evidence has suggested that adaptogens have the potential to improve responses to exercise and enhance performance during aerobic, sprint, and resistance modes of activity. Despite promising findings, the current body of literature is highly fragmented, heterogeneous in study design, and has largely failed to bridge the gap between mechanisms in preclinical models and applicable exercise performance outcomes in humans. Furthermore, the psychophysiological underpinning of potential improvements to exercise responses remains less described. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence of adaptogens, supplementation, and responses to exercise as it pertains to performance, physiological, and psychological domains. Particularly, adaptogen supplements (i.e., Rhodiola Rosea, Ashwagandha, Cordyceps, Panax ginseng), which are commercially available and prominent in the exercise literature, are highlighted. Information related to dosing, effectiveness, and underlying mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on how this influences psychophysiological responses to exercise. Lastly, future research needs and limitations based on the current literature are discussed. Despite some promising evidence of the ergogenic effects of adaptogens, this review highlights the need for additional well-controlled studies with more emphasis on psychophysiological mechanisms before widespread recommendations for their use can be made. Full article

Background/Objectives: Age-related increases in oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation contribute to skeletal muscle deterioration, impaired physical performance, and loss of functional independence in older adults. Regular exercise may counteract these processes by improving both musculoskeletal function and systemic redox homeostasis; however, the effects of multimodal functional exercise on antioxidant defence mechanisms and innate immune redox regulation remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate changes associated with a six-week multimodal functional exercise program in body composition, muscle strength, physical performance, antioxidant defence and phagocyte oxidative burst activity in older women. Methods: Seventeen physically inactive women aged over 65 years participated in a six-week functional training program consisting of aerobic, resistance, balance, coordination, and proprioceptive exercises performed twice weekly. Body composition, handgrip strength, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores were assessed before and after the intervention. In addition, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation markers, nitrite/nitrate concentrations, and phagocyte oxidative burst activity were determined. Results: Following the intervention, improvements were observed in skeletal muscle mass, muscle percentage, handgrip strength, and SPPB scores, while body fat mass and body fat percentage decreased. Catalase activity increased, whereas superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and lipid peroxidation markers remained unchanged. Serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations increased following the intervention. Although neutrophil counts did not change, phagocyte oxidative burst activity decreased significantly. Conclusions: These findings indicate that a six-week multimodal functional exercise program was associated with favourable changes in body composition, enhanced muscle strength, and improved functional performance in previously inactive older women. In parallel, favourable changes in antioxidant defence, nitric oxide metabolism, and immune-related redox regulation were also observed following the intervention, supporting the potential role of multimodal functional training as an effective non-pharmacological strategy for promoting healthy ageing. Full article

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is a persistent load-related condition in athletes, and exercise is recommended as first-line care; however, the comparative value of specific tendon-loading prescriptions remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to synthesize exercise-based interventions for adults with patellar tendinopathy, map reported loading prescription parameters, and estimate comparative effects when sufficiently comparable active-loading data were available. Methods: We conducted a PROSPERO-registered systematic review following PRISMA 2020. MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and CENTRAL via Ovid/EBMR Reviews were searched. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. The primary outcome was VISA-P/VISA final score. Randomized active exercise/loading comparisons with extractable final-score data were pooled as mean differences on the original 0–100 scale using random-effects restricted maximum likelihood models with Hartung–Knapp adjustment. Results: The searches identified 942 records; 96 full-text reports were assessed and 40 reports were retained for qualitative synthesis. Six active exercise/loading comparisons contributed to the primary comparative synthesis. The pooled mean difference was 5.16 VISA-P/VISA points (95% CI 2.39 to 7.93) in favour of the first-listed intervention, with negligible statistical heterogeneity (tau2 = 0.000; I2 = 0.0%; Q = 3.50, p = 0.624). All contributing studies had some concerns in RoB 2, and GRADE certainty was low. Conclusions: Structured tendon-loading exercise remains central to rehabilitation. The pooled estimate should be interpreted as a small average comparative signal across clinically distinct active-loading contrasts, not as evidence that one specific loading strategy is universally superior. Full article

Background: A functional balance between angiotensin II receptors (AT1R/AT2R) is associated with the regulation of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and tissue remodeling processes. Interventions that promote this balance have a significant impact on quality of life. Physical exercise stands out among these interventions, as the literature extensively identifies it as a therapeutic tool for managing conditions linked to the main axis of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Despite its beneficial role regarding the RAS, its effects on AT1R and AT2R receptor expression have not yet been systematically synthesized. Objective: To review the literature and systematically compile existing knowledge regarding the effect of physical exercise on the expression of angiotensin II receptors (AT1R and AT2R) within the RAS. Methods: This is a systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251267388). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 and SYRCLE tools. A total of 724 studies were identified, of which 11 met the eligibility criteria: 10 conducted using experimental animal models and 1 involving humans. Results: Eleven studies were included, predominantly animal experimental models. The findings indicate that chronic cyclic physical exercise is associated with reduced AT1R expression and increased AT2R expression in different tissues. In contrast, the only study that evaluated resistance exercise showed a distinct physiological response, with increased AT1R expression. Conclusions: The results suggest that chronic cyclical physical exercise promotes an increase in AT2R receptor expression and a reduction in AT1R expression in various body tissues, although the evidence is derived primarily from animal studies. Full article