337 Results Found

Hyperglycemia/diabetes appears to be accompanied by the state of hypoxia, which especially affects kidneys. The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism of high glucose action on HIF-1α expression in renal proximal tubule epithelial cell...

In this work, the utilization of calcium and strontium by the (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺)ATPase of the basolateral plasma membrane of renal proximal convoluted tubules were compared. [⁹⁰Sr]Sr²⁺ and [⁴⁵Ca]Ca²⁺ uptake by vesicles derived from this membrane were stri...

An in vitro human renal proximal tubule model that represents the proper transporter expression and pronounced epithelial polarization is necessary for the accurate prediction of nephrotoxicity. Here, we constructed a high-throughput human renal prox...

Diabetes-associated advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can increase extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and induce renal fibrosis. Calbindin-D28k, which plays a role in calcium reabsorption in renal distal convoluted tubules, is increased in a...

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in ctns, which encodes for cystinosin, a proton-coupled cystine transporter that exports cystine from lysosomes. The major clinical form, infantile cystinosis, is associated with r...

Renal luminal sodium transport is essential for physiological blood pressure control, and abnormalities in this process are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Renal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical for...

Betulin and its derivatives, 28-propyne derivative EB5 and 29-diethyl phosphonate analog ECH147, are promising compounds in anti-tumor activity studies. However, their effect on kidney cells has not yet been studied. The study aimed to determine whet...

For many years, studies concerning the regulation of Na,K-ATPase were restricted to acute regulatory mechanisms, which affected the phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase, and thus its retention on the plasma membrane. However, in recent years, this focus ha...

Although the kidneys comprise a critical target of uranium exposure, the dynamics of renal uranium distribution have remained obscure. Uranium is considered to function physiologically in the form of uranyl ions that have high affinity for phosphate...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a commonly occurring complex renal syndrome that causes overall mortality in many diseases. The clinical manifestations of CKD include renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of renal function. Metallothionein-I/II...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes proximal tubular defects in the kidney. However, factors altered by Shiga toxin (Stx) within the proximal tubules are yet to be shown. We determined Stx receptor Gb3 in murine and human kidneys and...

As a metabolic disorder, obesity can cause secondary kidney damage, which is called obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). As the incidence of obesity increases worldwide, so does the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by ORGs. However...

Mitochondria are well-known to function as the primary sites of ATP synthesis in most mammalian cells, including the renal proximal tubule. Other functions have also been associated with different mitochondrial activities, including the regulation of...

Many large-scale studies show that exogenous erythropoietin, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, lack any renoprotective effects. We investigated the effects of endogenous erythropoietin on renal function in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) us...

The renal cortex drives renal function. Hypoxia/reoxygenation are primary factors in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries, but renal oxygenation per se is complex and awaits full elucidation. Few mathematical models address this issue: none captures co...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, known for its immune evasion and resistance to chemotherapy. Evidence indicates that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may worsen outcomes for RCC patients, as well as patients with diminished r...

The activity of drug transporters is central to the secretory function of the kidneys and a defining feature of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs). The expression, regulation, and function of these membrane-bound proteins is well underst...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves damage associated to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Renal fibrosis is a major pathologic feature of DN. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-fibrogenic and renoprotective effects of all-trans retinoic aci...

Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) are a primary site for kidney injury. We created two RPTEC lines from CD-1 mice immortalized with hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) or SV40 LgT antigen (Simian Virus 40 Large T antigen). Ou...

Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant found in plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms that protects cells by neutralizing hydrogen peroxide. Honokiol, an active ingredient of Magnolia officinalis, is known for antioxidant, anti-infl...

Cadmium is a nonessential metal that has heavily polluted the environment due to human activities. It can be absorbed into the human body via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and the skin, and can cause chronic damage to the kidneys. Th...

Angiotensin II (Ang II) type-2 receptors (AT₂R) are expressed in the adult kidney, prominently in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs), and play an important role in opposing renal sodium (Na⁺) retention induced by Ang II stimulation of Ang II type-1...

Background/Objectives: The kidneys are essential for eliminating drugs and chemicals from the human body and renal epithelial cells are particularly vulnerable to damage caused by xenobiotics and their metabolites. Drug-induced kidney toxicity is a m...

Chronic inflammation and elevated cytokine levels are closely associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is responsible for the manifestation of numerous complications and mortality. In addition to conventional CKD therapi...

As current kidney replacement therapies are not efficient enough for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment, a bioartificial kidney (BAK) device, based on conditionally immortalized human proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTEC), could represent a...

Kidney microphysiological systems (MPS) serve as potentially valuable preclinical instruments in probing mechanisms of renal clearance and osmoregulation. Current kidney MPS models target regions of the nephron, such as the glomerulus and proximal tu...

Lowe syndrome and Dent II disease are X-linked monogenetic diseases characterised by a renal reabsorption defect in the proximal tubules and caused by mutations in the OCRL gene, which codes for an inositol-5-phosphatase. The life expectancy of patie...

The underlying mechanism for the biological activity of inorganic mercury is believed to be the high affinity binding of divalent mercuric cations to thiols of sulfhydryl groups of proteins. A comprehensive analysis of published data indicates that i...

Proximal tubules (PTs) take up most of the glucose in the glomerular filtrate and return it to peritubular capillary blood. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) at the apical membrane takes up glucose into the cell. Glucose then flows across the ce...

Cadmium (Cd²⁺) in the environment is a significant health hazard. Chronic low Cd²⁺ exposure mainly results from food and tobacco smoking and causes kidney damage, predominantly in the proximal tubule. Blood Cd²⁺ binds to thiol-containing high (e.g.,...

Betulin derivatives are proposed to serve as an alternative to the drugs already established in oncologic treatment. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity leading to acute kidney injury frequently accompanies cancer treatment, and thus there is a need to resea...

Primary mouse renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (moRPTECs) were immortalized by lentivirus transduction to create hTERT or SV40LgT (LgT) cell lines. Prior work showed a more pronounced injury and repair response in LgT versus hTERT cells after c...

This study examined the urinary excretion of tetrodotoxin (TTX) modeled in a porcine renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line, LLC-PK₁. Time course profiles of TTX excretion and reabsorption across the cell monolayers at 37 °C showed that the amoun...

The renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs), well-known for maintaining glucose and mineral homeostasis, play a critical role in the regulation of kidney function and bone remodeling. Deterioration in RPTC function may therefore lead to the development o...

Many large-scale studies revealed that exogenous erythropoietin, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, have no renoprotective effects. We reported the renoprotective effects of endogenous erythropoietin production on renal function in ischemic reperfusi...

Albumin is the main protein of blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid. The protein participates in a variety of important biological functions, such as maintenance of proper colloidal osmotic pressure, transport of important metabo...

Background/Objectives: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread foodborne mycotoxin linked to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Despite evidence from animal models showing OTA accumulation in the kidney, the molecular mechanisms underlying its re...

Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTCs) are central players during renal inflammation. In response to inflammatory signals, PTCs not only self-express altered mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and lipids, but also release altered extracellu...

In calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL), most calcium kidney stones are identified as calcium oxalate (CaOx) with variable amounts of calcium phosphate (CaP), where CaP is found as the core component. The nucleation of CaP could be the first step of CaP+Ca...

The polarised expression of specific transporters in proximal tubular epithelial cells is important for the renal clearance of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Thus, ideally, the in vitro tools utilised for predictions would have a similar ex...

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze a reaction fundamental for life: the bidirectional conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) and protons (H⁺). These enzymes impact numerous physiological processes that occur...

Gliflozins are inhibitors of the renal proximal tubular sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2), that inhibit reabsorption of urinary glucose and they are able to reduce hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. A renoprotective function of gl...

The choroid plexus plays a central role in the regulation of the microenvironment of the central nervous system by secreting the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid and controlling its composition, despite that it only represents approximately 1% of...

The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may...

Sodium glucose cotransporter, type 2 inhibitors, such as Empagliflozin, are protective of the kidneys by unclear mechanisms. Our aim was to determine how Empagliflozin affected kidney cortical metabolome and lipidome in mice. Adult male TALLYHO mice...

Cisplatin (CisPt) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. However, its nephrotoxic effects pose significant risks, particularly for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and potential progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present s...

Proximal tubular (PT) acidosis, which alkalinizes the urinary filtrate, together with Ca²⁺ supersaturation in PT can induce luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystal formation. While such CaP crystals are known to act as a nidus for CaP/calcium oxalate...

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 disease, a bidirectional interaction between kidney disease and the progression of COVID-19 has been demonstrated. Kidney disease is an independent risk factor for mortality of patients with COVID-19 as well as severe a...

Inflammation is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Inhibition of SGLT-2 by a specific class of drugs, gliflozins, has been shown to reduce inflammation and attenuate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, in additio...

Complications due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) have a powerful impact on mortality and morbidity. Our current diagnostic markers have become outdated as T2DM-related...