Search Results (919)

The rapid integration of generative AI, particularly ChatGPT, into academic settings has prompted urgent questions regarding its impact on students’ psychological and academic outcomes. Although generative AI holds considerable potential to transform educational practices, its effects on individual traits such as self-control and academic wellbeing remain insufficiently explored. This study addresses this gap through a sequential two-phase design. In the first phase, the ChatGPT Usage Scale was adapted and validated for a Turkish university student population (N = 413). Using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory, the scale was confirmed as a psychometrically valid and reliable one-factor instrument. In the second phase, a separate sample (N = 449) was used to examine the relationships between ChatGPT usage, self-control, and academic wellbeing through a mediation model. The findings revealed that higher ChatGPT usage was significantly associated with lower levels of both self-control and academic wellbeing. Additionally, mediation analysis demonstrated that self-control partially mediates the negative relationship between ChatGPT usage and academic wellbeing. The study concludes that while generative AI tools are valuable, their integration into education presents a double-edged sword, highlighting the critical need to foster students’ self-regulatory skills to ensure they can harness these tools responsibly without compromising their academic and psychological health. Full article

Background: Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common, distressing concern among cancer survivors, with implications for psychological well-being and quality of life. Despite the proliferation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess FCR, consensus on the most valid and reliable instruments remains limited. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive psychometric evaluation of FCR PROMs developed or validated between 2011 and 2023, using the full COSMIN methodology. This review builds on earlier work by systematically appraising both newly developed and adapted instruments to inform evidence-based PROM selection for clinical and research use. Methods: This review followed the COSMIN 10-step procedure and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases were searched from January 2011 to December 2023. A search cut-off of 31 December 2023 was applied to align with COSMIN feasibility recommendations and ensure sufficient time and resources for full psychometric evaluation across all included PROMs. Eligible studies included adults diagnosed with cancer and reported on the psychometric evaluation of a self-reported, Likert-scale-based FCR PROM. PROMs were appraised across eight psychometric properties using COSMIN’s Risk of Bias checklist, criteria for good measurement properties, and modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) for evidence quality. Instruments were categorized as A, B, or C according to COSMIN’s recommendations. Results: Of the 34 PROMs evaluated across 32 studies, 28 achieved COSMIN Category A status, indicating sufficient psychometric quality for clinical or research use. Among the 19 FCRI and FoP-Q instruments validated in new cultural or population contexts, 15 received a Category A rating, reflecting strong cross-cultural performance. Short forms such as the FCRI-SF and FoP-Q-SF demonstrated consistent psychometric strength across French, English, Portuguese, and Asian-language versions. Of the 14 newly developed PROMs—including the CWS-6, FCR4/7, CARQ-4, and FCR-1—12 achieved Category A. The FCR-1 was the only single-item PROM to demonstrate responsiveness, supporting its use in both screening and longitudinal monitoring. For practical guidance, five PROMs (FCR-1, FCRI-SF, FoP-Q-SF, FCR-7, and CWS) emerged as the most strongly supported for clinical use. Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of contemporary FCR PROMs and highlights substantial progress in the development of valid, reliable, and culturally adaptable tools. The FCRI, FoP-Q-SF, and several newly developed short forms, such as FCR7, CWS, and particularly, the FCR-1, emerge as strong candidates for use in clinical screening and longitudinal assessment. These findings offer clear evidence-based guidance for instrument selection in research and survivorship care. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023453783. Full article

The general objective of this research was to investigate the attitudes of Bucharest students toward artificial intelligence (AI)—in particular, ChatGPT—in relation to their personality traits, coping strategies, and personal values to identify psychosocial approaches for students’ effective reporting toward this AI product. As there was no instrument validated and calibrated on Romanian students, the scale constructed by Acosta-Enriquez et al. in 2024 was adapted to students from Bucharest (N = 508). Following the item analysis, the adapted scale was reduced to 16 items, and, following the factor analysis (EFA–0.81 < α < 0.91), the structure with three factors (cognitive, affective, and behavioral components), explaining 53% of the variation in Bucharest students’ attitudes toward ChatGPT, was maintained considering the results of the confirmatory factor analysis—CFA (χ²(79) = 218.345, p < 0.001; CMIN/DF = 2.486; CFI = 0.911; TLI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.058 (90% CI: 0.50–0.065). The present study showed that 85.53% of the research subjects used ChatGPT at least once, of which 24.11% have a positive/open attitude toward ChatGPT, and that there are correlations (p < 0.01; 0.23 < r² < 0.50) between students’ attitudes toward ChatGPT and several personality traits, coping strategies, and personal values. It also proves that the three components of the attitude toward ChatGPT (cognitive, affective, and behavioral) are correlated with a series of personality traits, coping strategies, and personal values of students. Although the general objective was achieved and the adapted scale has adequate psychometric qualities, the authors propose in future studies to expand the group of subjects so that the scale can be validated at the level of the Romanian population. In this research, at the end, several concrete approaches are proposed for the effective reporting of students toward this AI product, which, beyond the ethical challenges, also recognizes the benefits of technology in the evolution of education. Full article

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Digital Citizenship Scale in Chilean university students, specifically the factorial structure and its reliability, construct validity, and factorial invariance by sex were analyzed. The sample consisted of 905 students whose average age was 22 years, of which 59.7% were women. The methods used were Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The result of the exploratory analysis suggested retaining the 26 items of the original scale grouped into five factors. The results of the confirmatory analysis corroborated the original structure of the scale and specified a model of five correlated factors. The reliability analysis indicated a total ordinal alpha of 0.87. The measurement invariance analysis showed that the degree of equivalence of the instrument by sex was plausible at a strict level. The scale provides guidance for institutional decision-making regarding initiatives focused on digital inclusion and participation. It was concluded that the Digital Citizenship Scale presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in Chilean university students. Full article

Affective responses to physical exercise vary according to sensory impressions and can influence motor performance. To assess affective states in exercise contexts, scales such as the Felt Arousal Scale and the Feeling Scale are commonly used. Although widely applied, their psychometric properties have not yet been tested in older adults, which limits their use in this population. This test–retest study aimed to test the reliability of these scales in older adults of both sexes. The sample consisted of 80 volunteers (67 women) engaged in either resistance training (n = 37) or functional training (n = 43), with a mean age of 70 ± 9 years. Data collection occurred on two separate days, with a minimum interval of 15 days. The following instruments were applied: (a) Felt Arousal Scale and Feeling Scale at pre-, during (minutes 20 to 25), and post-training; (b) Borg Scale during and after training; and c) Mini-Mental State Examination during the first visit. The results showed strong to very strong correlations for both scales (Feeling Scale: ρ = 0.936 during, ρ = 0.840 post; Felt Arousal Scale: r = 0.967 during, r = 0.887 post), as well as good internal consistency (Feeling Scale: α = 0.887; Felt Arousal Scale: α = 0.860) and excellent temporal stability (Feeling Scale: ICC = 0.925; Felt Arousal Scale: ICC = 0.869). It is concluded that both instruments are reliable for measuring affect and arousal in older adults who engage in physical exercise. Full article

Emotional education is essential in teacher training processes, but historically it has been neglected in the training system. The purpose of this study was to design and psychometrically validate the EEITT Scale, an instrument that assesses the perception of knowledge acquired about emotional education in student teachers and practicing teachers. A quantitative, descriptive and comparative approach was used with 548 participants, applying confirmatory factor analysis and invariance analysis to evaluate the model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well and had high reliability scores, which backs up the validity and internal consistency of the EEITT for measuring perceptions about emotional education training. Statistically significant differences were identified between groups, with students reporting greater social-emotional learning in the four factors evaluated. Likewise, a negative and significant effect of age on the perception of emotional education training was observed. These findings highlight the importance of emotional education in teacher training and point to the need for educational policies that integrate holistic and continuous approaches throughout the teaching career. Despite its limitations, this instrument provides relevant tools for future research and for guiding the design and improvement of teacher training practices. Full article

A greater understanding of health-promoting factors, such as hope, is crucial for preventing and enhancing the mental health of higher education students. The Herth Hope Index (HHI) is a 12-item tool that has been widely used to assess a comprehensive, non-temporal perception of hope. While this instrument has been used extensively in adult populations, most studies focus on clinical populations. Additionally, the HHI reveals inconsistencies in terms of scale dimensionality and items to be retained. Therefore, this study sought to assess the HHI’s psychometric characteristics in a sample of Portuguese Higher Education students. The person response validity, internal scale validity, unidimensionality, and uniform differential item functioning were assessed using a Rasch rating scale model. A total of 2227 higher education students participated during the e-survey activation period (spring semester of 2020). The mean age of the sample was 22.5 ± 6.2 years (range 18–59 years). Three of the twelve items (#3, #5, and #6) failed to satisfy the established criterion for goodness of fit. Following the elimination of these three items, the resultant nine-item scale exhibited satisfactory item fit to the model, appropriate unidimensionality (52.4% of the variance explained), enough person goodness of fit, sufficient separation, and the absence of differential item functioning. The 9-item version of the HHI had psychometric properties comparable to the original 12-item version. This study also underscores the importance of validated instruments for assessing hope-based interventions in academic contexts. Further research is necessary to explore the potential dimensions inherent to the hope concept and to identify variations in hope profiles among items influenced by cultural attributes. Full article

Introduction: This study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2022. We propose a scale to measure the right to health among international migrants in primary care settings. The scale aims to highlight and objectively assess the elements integrated into the delivery of healthcare services by health personnel. Objective: Our aim was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a measurement scale assessing the right to health in primary care for migrant populations in Chile, from the perspective of healthcare workers. Methods: An instrumental psychometric study was conducted. The sample comprised 339 primary healthcare workers from the Antofagasta, Biobío, and Metropolitan regions of Chile. The stages of the process included a theoretical review, conceptual definition, item construction, initial qualitative evaluation, and scale administration. Results: The initial 55-item model exhibited unsatisfactory fit indices (χ² = 2608.693; df = 1271; p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.056; CFI = 0.931; TLI = 0.919; SRMR = 0.054), whereas the refined 19-item model achieved satisfactory fit (χ² = 441.72, df = 146, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.07; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; SRMR = 0.05). Conclusions: The scale demonstrates robust internal consistency and offers a valuable tool for evaluating primary healthcare delivery to international migrants based on the right to health framework. Full article

Background: Hospitalized patients’ expectations about their treatment play a key role in therapeutic adherence, satisfaction with care, and clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of brief, psychometrically validated instruments in Spanish-speaking contexts that adequately assess this construct. Objective: The objective of this study is to culturally adapt and validate the Hospitalized Patients’ Expectations for Treatment Scale-Patient Version (HOPE-P) in a Peruvian population. Methods: A methodological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 hospitalized patients aged 18 to 85 years (M = 45.87; SD = 17.09). The adaptation process included translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the factor structure, and reliability and validity indices were calculated. Results: The bifactorial model showed good fit (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.06). One item with a low factor loading was removed to improve the model. Convergent and discriminant validity were confirmed through acceptable values of Average Variance Extracted (0.60 and 0.55) and inter-factor correlation (φ² = 0.23). Internal consistency was strong for both dimensions (α = 0.76–0.77; ω = 0.76–0.77). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the HOPE-P is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate instrument for evaluating treatment expectations in hospitalized Peruvian patients. Its implementation in clinical settings could enhance physician–patient communication, support shared decision-making, and contribute to better therapeutic outcomes, especially in high-demand healthcare environments. Full article

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to translate the Child Coeliac Disease Food Attitudes and Behaviours Scale (Child CD-FAB) into Brazilian Portuguese and to evaluate its reproducibility and internal consistency. Methods: Three steps were carried out: (i) translation and cultural adaptation of the Child CD-FAB into Brazilian Portuguese; (ii) pre-test; and (iii) psychometric evaluation of the Child CD-FAB-BR. The Child CD-FAB was translated and back-translated, and then discussed with and approved by the author of the original instrument. The translated version was tested on five children and adolescents (aged 8 to 16 years) with coeliac disease to assess comprehension. Subsequently, psychometric evaluation used responses from 20 participants with the same characteristics, assessing reproducibility (test–retest reliability) via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency via Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The Child CD-FAB was successfully translated to Brazilian Portuguese (Child CD-FAB-BR), and it presented good internal consistency (α = 0.892) and an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.923). Conclusions: The Child CD-FAB-BR is the first instrument to evaluate food attitudes and behaviours in Brazilian children and adolescents with CD, showing good psychometric properties. This instrument will support future research and clinical practice by guiding behaviour-based strategies to enhance nutritional education and public policies for this group. Full article

Background: Following the idea that individuals engage with different strategies to regulate their emotional experiences, scholars in the field of psychology have shown increasing interest in the notion of emotion regulation flexibility. Despite growing attention to this construct, validated instruments for assessing individuals’ capacity to choose among different emotion regulation strategies effectively are limited, particularly in non-English-speaking contexts. The present study aims to extend the use of the Emotion Regulation Flexibility Questionnaire by providing a validation of the Italian version and supporting its generalisability. Methods: The Italian Emotion Regulation Flexibility Questionnaire (IT-ERFQ) was included in a cross-sectional study involving N = 887 participants (60.4% female). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, along with tests of measurement invariance across gender and age groups, assessments of internal consistency, and evaluations of external validity. Results: The IT-ERFQ showed a clear unidimensional structure, good internal reliability, and full measurement invariance across groups. The eight-item Italian version correlated negatively with emotion dysregulation and positively with well-being. Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence for the psychometric soundness of the IT-ERFQ and support its use in both basic and applied research. Full article

Today’s increasingly brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible world of work calls for a socially and emotionally competent workforce. However, there is a clear gap in higher education settings regarding the assessment and promotion of students’ social and emotional competence (SEC). Our study aims to address the pressing need to evaluate and develop higher education students’ SEC by providing a tool to assess these skills, enabling researchers and practitioners to intervene and actively promote them. A sample of 767 higher education students (62.8% female, M = 22.88 years, SD = 7.30) enrolled in the study. Structural, discriminant and concurrent criterion validity, and reliability of the measure were assessed. A multiple hierarchical regression analysis tested the relation of SEC and well-being. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the hypothesized factorial structures. Coefficient omegas indicated adequate internal consistency. The results also supported the measure’s discriminant and criterion validities in relation to external measures. Multi-group invariance across gender and academic fields was attained. We found evidence of the predictive role of intrapersonal skills on students’ personal and academic well-being. This study bridges a gap in research and practice by introducing a psychometrically sound yet parsimonious instrument for assessing higher education students’ SEC. It also highlights the supportive role of SEC in promoting students’ well-being. Full article

Background/Objective: Pediatric feeding problems are becoming more widespread. They represent a synthesis of social, behavioral, and biological issues. Inevitably, the multifaceted nature of these problems has to be evaluated through one multidimensional tool. The Pediatric Assessment Scale for Severe Feeding Problems is designed to assess these complex issues and represents the first attempt to associate these factors into a single multidimensional measure. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the Pediatric Assessment Scale for Severe Feeding Problems into Greek and to assess its psychometric properties for use among a Greek Cypriot pediatric sample. Methods: This study involved 142 parents of children with symptoms of feeding problems. It included parents of children who were oral-fed (n = 65), partially oral-fed with supplementation (n = 62), and tube-fed (n = 15). The sample of parents was recruited from mainstream and special education schools in Cyprus and were asked to complete a Greek-translated version of the PASS-FP. Results: The PASS-FP-Gr demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Internal consistency was good, and test–retest reliability showed a perfect Spearman’s rank correlation with high significance. The tool exhibited strong discriminatory ability, with statistically significant differences in median scores across the three feeding groups. Conclusions: The PASS-FP appears sensitive to the Greek Cypriot population and presents satisfactory psychometric features. It demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability, as evidenced by the participants’ consistent response patterns. Full article

Objective: To evaluate patient perceptions regarding ultrasound-guided embryo transfer, visualisation of embryos prior to transfer, and continuity of care with the same physician during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments. Setting: Between January and September 2023, this study was conducted at the IVF MOMO’ FertiLIFE centre in Bisceglie, Italy. Design: Descriptive and observational study based on an anonymous survey administered to IVF patients at the time of embryo transfer. The goal was to assess the subjective emotional and psychological response to selected procedural elements of the embryo transfer process. Participants: Out of 284 distributed questionnaires, 200 were included in the final analysis. Inclusion required fully completed responses. Questionnaires with incomplete, unclear answers or patient refusal were excluded. The study group was compared with the general IVF patient population treated at the centre over the past 5 years to ensure representativeness. Methods: Patients completed a structured questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, Friedman test, and exploratory factor analysis. Ethical approval was obtained (CELFer no. 07/2021), and all participants provided written informed consent. Results: The majority of patients reported a heightened sense of calm and reassurance during ultrasound-guided embryo transfer. Viewing embryos on a monitor before transfer was also positively perceived. A strong preference emerged for continuity of care with the same physician throughout the IVF process. While this study did not assess objective stress levels or clinical outcomes, the findings highlight the psychological comfort associated with these patient-centred practices. Limitations: This single-centre study is based on self-reported data and lacks objective assessments of psychological well-being. Therefore, results reflect personal perceptions rather than measurable clinical outcomes. Broader, multicentre research using validated psychological tools is needed to confirm and expand these findings. Furthermore, the questionnaire used in this study was developed internally and not validated externally with standardised psychometric instruments. Conclusions: This study provides insight into IVF patients’ subjective experiences, emphasising the perceived emotional benefits of specific procedural and relational aspects of care. These findings support the integration of patient-centred strategies—such as visual engagement and physician continuity—into routine IVF practice to enhance overall patient well-being. Full article

Background: Over the past two decades, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) has been established as a valid instrument to measure psychosocial stress at work. Currently, the COPSOQ international network is responsible for monitoring and improving the COPSOQ. In 2019, a new questionnaire was published, and the Greek version is now being validated. The aim of the current study was to assess the reliability and validity of the psychometric properties of the Greek long version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III (COPSOQ-III-GR). Methods: The measurement qualities of the Greek COPSOQ III have been explored in accordance with the usual requirements of a validation study, as defined by DIN EN ISO 10075-3. A sample of observations from 2189 participants surveyed with the COPSOQ in Greece was used to validate the current version with appropriate statistical analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the statistical relationships for many scales. Results: With its 108 items and 40 scales, the Greek COPSOQ III includes all internationally validated psychosocial workplace factors that remain comparable (~72%) with the COPSOQ III German version content. In addition to the primary results, congruence with widely used theoretical approaches such as the demand–control (−support) model (DCM) or the job demands–resources model (JDR) is generally satisfactory. In summary, our validation study for the Greek COPSOQ III version showed adequate reliability and validity, which is in line with the findings of the COPSOQ III questionnaire from other European countries, and it is also compatible with the validation of the German COPSOQ III. Our regression analysis revealed that 34 psychosocial workplace factors (34 “context” scales) could adequately predict the scores of the satisfactory and health scales (6 “outcome” scales). The analysis also revealed the top five predictors (context variables) for each of the six “effect” scales (outcome variables). Conclusions: With the launch of COPSOQ III in Greece, current and new workplace psychosocial aspects could be explored, since COPSOQ III (GR) appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for enterprise research and risk assessment. Full article