Search Results (2,995)

Background: Population ageing, increasing care demands, and rapid advances in artificial intelligence and robotics have intensified interest in care robots as potential tools to support independent living and complement human caregiving. However, the successful implementation of robotic technologies depends largely on public acceptance, which is influenced by functional, psychological, ethical, cultural, and generational factors. Objective: This study examined generational differences in the acceptance of care robots among Portuguese adults by integrating the Almere Model of technology acceptance with the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Lawton–Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. The research sought to determine whether acceptance varies according to generation and the type of caregiving activity performed by the robot. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using an online questionnaire administered to a purposive sample of 235 adults residing primarily in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal. The questionnaire combined constructs from the Almere Model with perceptions of robotic assistance for ADLs and IADLs. Principal Component Analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and inferential analyses were performed to examine differences across generational groups. Results: Acceptance of care robots was strongly task-dependent. Participants expressed significantly greater acceptance of robots assisting with instrumental activities, including housekeeping, shopping, transportation, meal preparation, and medication management, than with intimate personal care activities such as bathing, dressing, toileting, feeding, and continence care. Contrary to common assumptions regarding digital natives, Generation Z reported higher levels of fear, discomfort, and perceived intimidation than Generation X and Baby Boomers. Older generations generally demonstrated more pragmatic acceptance of robotic assistance, particularly regarding future support needs associated with ageing. Across generations, respondents preferred robots with more human-like appearances; however, emotional trust remained substantially lower than perceived functional usefulness. Conclusions: The findings suggest that acceptance of care robots is conditional rather than universal and is shaped by the nature of the caregiving task, generational differences, and broader emotional and cultural perceptions of care. Integrating the Almere Model with established ADL and IADL frameworks provides a novel perspective by linking technology acceptance to specific functional domains of caregiving. The results support the view that care robots are more likely to be accepted as complementary tools that enhance human-centred care rather than as substitutes for professional or family caregivers. Given the purposive and geographically limited sample, the findings should be interpreted cautiously and not generalised to the wider Portuguese population. They nevertheless provide valuable implications for the design of socially assistive robots, healthcare practice, and public policy in ageing societies. Full article

Objective: Patient safety culture (PSC) is a critical determinant of healthcare quality. This study aimed to assess the current status of PSC among healthcare workers at Kien An Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam, and identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the 12-dimension hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC). A total of 324 healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, and allied staff) participated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The positive response rate (PRR) across the 12 dimensions of patient safety culture (PSC) varied widely. The highest positive perceptions were observed in “Teamwork within units” (98.5%) and “Teamwork across units” (98.1%). Conversely, severe vulnerabilities in psychological safety were identified, with “Communication Openness” recording the absolute lowest PRR at 25.9%, closely followed by “Non-punitive response to error” at 29.0%. Comparative analysis between professional strata revealed broad alignment across 11 dimensions, with the sole significant divergence occurring in “Feedback and communication about error”, where physicians reported a significantly higher PRR than nurses & allied staff (85.8% vs. 75.2%; p = 0.04). In the multivariable logistic regression model, age emerged as the single independent predictor of overall positive PSC; compared to early-career staff (<30 years), healthcare workers aged 30–40 years (AOR = 4.17, p = 0.02) and 40–50 years (AOR = 5.03, p = 0.02) had significantly higher odds of favorable safety perceptions. Conclusions: Healthcare workers at the study hospital exhibit exceptionally strong collaborative teamwork, yet low communication openness and the fear of a punitive environment remain critical systemic barriers to safety. Because safety culture challenges are macro-institutional and disproportionately impact junior personnel, interventions should shift away from role-specific policies. Instead, hospital leadership must prioritize establishing non-punitive reporting mechanisms, enhancing open dialogue, and designing targeted safety culture onboarding initiatives tailored specifically to the needs of early-career healthcare workers to foster continuous organizational learning. Full article

Background: Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Brazil faces persistent retention challenges despite growing demand for qualified workers. Although Self-Determination Theory (SDT) offers a framework for understanding motivation, dropout research has often emphasized individual and socioeconomic factors, giving less attention to institutional conditions. Methods: This critical narrative review synthesizes theoretical, empirical, and policy-oriented literature on SDT, TVET, motivation, engagement, and dropout prevention, anchored mainly in Brazilian studies, educational statistics, and policy documents. A transparent, non-systematic search informed by SANRA organized the evidence around three institutional dimensions: curriculum, teaching practices, and student support and belonging. Complementary theories clarified the explanatory scope and limits of SDT. Results: Motivation in Brazilian TVET emerges as context-dependent and institutionally co-produced. Curricular organization, teaching practices, support structures, and equity policies may support or frustrate autonomy, competence, and relatedness and are associated with differences in engagement and vulnerability to dropout. The review proposes a three-level conceptual diagnostic architecture and five evidence-informed prevention axes. The architecture organizes candidate measures and contextual indicators; it is not an empirically validated predictive model. Conclusions: TVET dropout should not be interpreted solely as individual failure but may also be examined as a possible indicator of institutional motivational climate. The framework is calibrated to Brazilian TVET and requires prospective, multicenter, equity-sensitive validation against observed dropout outcomes before use for individual risk prediction or broader international adaptation. Full article

Background: Outpatient hysteroscopy is the reference standard for the diagnosis and treatment of benign intrauterine pathology. Although several pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been proposed to reduce procedural pain, the clinical and procedural factors primarily determining patient tolerability in a standardized vaginoscopic setting remain incompletely understood. This prospective study aimed to identify the main predictors of pain, procedural tolerability, successful completion, and patient acceptance during outpatient hysteroscopy. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between February and June 2026 at a second-level referral hospital. Consecutive women undergoing outpatient hysteroscopy were enrolled. All procedures were performed according to a standardized vaginoscopic “no-touch” protocol using a 15-Fr Bettocchi hysteroscope. Patients completed structured questionnaires before and after the procedure, while physicians recorded procedural findings immediately afterward. Clinical characteristics, psychological variables, procedural factors, pain scores, procedural tolerability, successful completion, and future patient preference were prospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 105 women were included. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was successfully completed in 94 patients (89.5%), and a see-and-treat procedure was performed in 57 (54.3%). Difficult cervical access occurred in 37 cases (35.2%) and emerged as the strongest determinant of poor procedural tolerability. These patients experienced significantly higher maximum pain scores (7.35 ± 2.81 vs. 4.04 ± 2.51; p < 0.001), a higher prevalence of severe pain (67.6% vs. 20.6%; p < 0.001), poorer procedural tolerability, greater preference for future hysteroscopy under anesthesia, and a higher risk of incomplete diagnostic examination. All incomplete hysteroscopies occurred in patients with difficult cervical access. Expected procedural pain was significantly associated with maximum pain (p = 0.0016), whereas pre-procedural anxiety was not. More than half of the patients identified cervical passage as the most painful procedural step. Patients undergoing successful see-and-treat procedures reported the lowest pain scores, suggesting that the operative phase itself was not the principal determinant of procedural discomfort. Conclusions: In a standardized vaginoscopic setting, procedural tolerability during outpatient hysteroscopy appears to depend primarily on difficult cervical access rather than on the operative intervention itself. Pain expectation may influence the hysteroscopic experience more than pre-procedural anxiety, whereas successful see-and-treat procedures remain well tolerated once uncomplicated access to the uterine cavity has been achieved. Early identification of patients at increased risk of difficult cervical access may improve patient counseling, optimize procedural completion, and preserve the benefits of outpatient hysteroscopy. Full article

Background/Objectives: Current menopause assessment instruments primarily evaluate vasomotor, somatic, and urogenital symptoms, with limited attention to oral, sensory, and integrated psychological domains. Evidence that oral tissues are estrogen-responsive suggests that oral symptoms may represent an important but underrecognized component of menopausal burden. This study aimed to develop and provide initial psychometric validation of the Multidimensional Menopausal Burden Questionnaire (MMBQ-44), a 44-item instrument integrating systemic, oral, and psychological symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in 308 women aged 45–65 years (perimenopausal n = 66, menopausal n = 40, postmenopausal n = 202). The MMBQ-44 combined items from the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Xerostomia Inventory (XI), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and psychological measures derived from the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and HADS. Instrument development included expert review, cognitive interviewing, and field testing. Psychometric evaluation assessed item performance, internal consistency, factor structure, discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Exploratory factor analysis used principal axis factoring with promax rotation, with factor retention determined by parallel analysis. Results: Internal consistency was good to excellent across domains (Cronbach’s α: 0.813–0.941; McDonald’s ω: 0.864–0.953). All corrected item–total correlations exceeded 0.30. The questionnaire showed strong factorability (KMO = 0.931; Bartlett’s χ² = 9006.2, p < 0.001). Parallel analysis identified four factors explaining 48.6% of total variance. Psychological and OHIP domains emerged clearly, whereas several MRS and XI items cross-loaded onto related factors. Most HTMT ratios were below 0.85, supporting discriminant validity. Floor effects were observed for OHIP (37.0%) and XI (23.4%). Known-groups validity was modest, with OHIP scores differing significantly across menopausal stages. Conclusions: The MMBQ-44 demonstrates strong reliability and acceptable construct validity as an integrative screening instrument for menopausal burden. Further confirmatory studies and refinement of oral symptom items are warranted. Full article

This study investigates the educational potential of instructor-designed Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) in a university-level Japanese course, drawing on self-determination theory (SDT) and the noticing hypothesis. Using a mixed-methods design, we examined how the continuous use of an instructor-developed Artificial Intelligence tutoring system (basic Japanese GPTs) relates to learners’ psychological needs satisfaction, cognitive noticing, and perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted learning among 74 undergraduate students at a South Korean university. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation; qualitative data from open-ended items and reflective writing underwent systematic content analysis. The findings revealed three key patterns. First, learners reported relatively high levels of satisfaction across all three SDT needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—particularly in relation to self-directed reviews and affective safety. Second, qualitative analysis identified three distinct noticing experiences: AI-supported clarification of linguistic form, noticing through intentional error generation and AI feedback, and metacognitive regulation of learning strategies. Third, the learners perceived the instructor-designed GPTs not merely as a convenience tool but as a structured learning environment that supported output-oriented, interaction-based practice. These findings suggest that the educational effectiveness of generative AI in foreign language education is not determined by frequency of use alone but also by the quality of pedagogical design underlying its deployment. This study contributes a practice-based model for AI integration in general education language courses while acknowledging limitations related to its single-course scope and reliance on self-reported data. Full article

Background: Q&A corpora generated through university student–AI mental health support tools may reveal how physical activity (PA) and psychosocial themes are represented in support-oriented text. However, the absence of individual-level demographic metadata and the pooling of prompt and response fields limit attribution of any expression to a particular speaker, and the corpus describes a specific student population rather than a general or clinical one. Objective: This exploratory study described PA-, sport-, physical education (PE)-, body-, lifestyle-, and emotion-related patterns in a large corpus of university student–AI mental health exchanges collected through an institutional counselling platform. Methods: This study analysed 209,715 paired prompt–response records as combined exchange-level units using a BERTopic-based computational text-mining workflow. The full corpus was used for the main 18-topic model and overlapping dictionary analyses. After secondary data-quality filtering, 178,062 eligible exchanges formed the sampling frame from which a systematic sample of 10,000 exchanges was drawn for a separate complementary BERTopic and scenario-mapping analysis. The workflow used Qdrant/bge-small-zh-v1.5 embeddings, NFKC normalisation, an archived stop-word list, UMAP (n_neighbors = 15, n_components = 5, min_dist = 0.0, cosine metric, seed = 42), HDBSCAN (min_cluster_size = 300, min_samples = 10, Euclidean metric, EOM), c-TF-IDF topic representations, overlapping dictionary screens, and stability testing across seeds 42, 52, and 62. Results: A student/school/family-context lexical screen matched 83,215 exchanges (39.68%), and a broad PA/body/lifestyle screen matched 82,464 exchanges (39.32%). These overlapping indicators describe topical co-occurrence and do not establish PA behaviour or which party to the exchange produced a given term. Eighteen corpus-level themes were retained. In the 10,000-exchange analysis, 13.11% of exchanges matched a narrow movement-related expression screen, with the highest within-topic rate in the sample topic labelled emotional outburst and relaxation regulation (51.09%). Conclusions: The findings describe exchange-level lexical and topic patterns in student–AI interactions rather than actual PA behaviour, intervention delivery, clinical efficacy, or population prevalence, and they do not identify which party introduced the language. The mapping to autonomy, competence, relatedness, and emotional regulation is a post hoc interpretive lens, offered as a hypothesis to inform future, prospectively validated design work in PE and digital mental health support rather than as a demonstrated result. Full article

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has been rapidly integrated into higher education, yet current studies largely rely on quantitative frameworks that capture initial adoption, leaving university EFL teachers’ motivational evolution for continued use of GenAI underexplored. To address this gap, this longitudinal qualitative study explores the motivational evolution and psychological need experience of 15 university EFL teachers’continued use of GenAI grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Data were collected through two rounds of semi-structured interviews over one year and analyzed in NVivo 11 PLUS. Our findings reveal a dynamic evolution of motivation from external regulation to value identification and professional identity integration. Crucially, need satisfaction and need frustration provide important psychological foundations for teachers’ motivation internalization. Notably, while need satisfaction directly facilitates university EFL teachers’ continued use of GenAI, need frustration can actually act as a potential catalyst that facilitates EFL teachers to form long-term continued use of GenAI through iterative reflection and instructional adjustment. This study extends the application of SDT within the GenAI education context, indicating that university EFL teachers’ continued use of GenAI is not merely a process of technology adoption, but also a process of professional growth and professional identity integration. The results provided preliminary implications for teacher professional development, GenAI design and education policy. Full article

Women with endometriosis experience chronic cyclic pelvic pain (CCPP) or chronic persistent pelvic pain (CPPP), both of which may be incapacitating even after treatment. Emotional dysregulation in endometriosis impedes patient recovery. This study evaluated the relationships among emotional state, pain perception, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in women with endometriosis presenting with CCPP or CPPP. An exploratory, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative with repeated sampling study was conducted with 52 women diagnosed with endometriosis and experiencing either CPPP or CCPP. Participants completed a psychometric battery including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Pain perception was assessed using the Wong–Baker Pain Rating Scale (FACES). Saliva samples were collected at baseline, during stressor and recovery phases, and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Fifty-two women with endometriosis were included (CPPP: n = 33; CCPP: n = 19). No significant between group differences were observed in emotional state (HADS: p = 0.682; BDI: p = 0.842), anxiety (STAI-State: p = 0.086; STAI-Trait: p = 0.615), general distress (GHQ-30: p = 0.730), or pain intensity (FACES: p = 0.705). The prevalence of depressive symptoms did not differ between groups (CPPP: 69.7% vs. CCPP: 73.7%; χ² = 0.093, p = 0.760). Salivary cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were comparable between groups across all measurement conditions. Spearman correlations revealed uncorrected significance between TNF-α and emotional distress: basal TNF-α correlated inversely with HADS (ρ = −0.292, p = 0.031) and BDI (ρ = −0.278, p = 0.041); TNF-α under stress correlated with HADS (ρ = −0.329, p = 0.014) and GHQ-30 (ρ = −0.271, p = 0.046); and TNF-α during recovery correlated with GHQ-30 (ρ = −0.363, p = 0.006). These findings indicate that CPPP and CCPP were not associated with statistically significant differences in emotional states or salivary cytokine profiles at the group level. Exploratory pos hoc analyses suggested that pain pattern may moderate the association between TNF-α and psychological burden, particularly in the CCPP subgroup; however, these findings require confirmation in larger studies with prespecified analyses. Exploratory analyses suggested patterns between salivary inflammation and psychological burden; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small subgroup size, multiple comparisons, and lack of a matched healthy control group. Full article

Background: Over the past decades, the global onset of menarche has progressively advanced, driven by complex interactions between metabolic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Beyond its reproductive significance, menarche represents a critical developmental milestone that coincides with increased vulnerability to mental health difficulties. Contemporary determinants such as childhood obesity, early-life adversity, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may accelerate pubertal timing while simultaneously shaping adverse psychological trajectories during adolescence. Objectives: This review aims to provide a translational and clinically oriented synthesis of modern determinants of earlier menarche and their associations with mental health outcomes in girls and adolescents, highlighting implications for early identification, prevention, and integrated clinical care. Methods: We conducted a narrative review mapping a scoping literature search conducted using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and PsycINFO, focusing on literature from the last decade (2016–2026), with emphasis on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and longitudinal cohort studies. Evidence was synthesized across biological, psychosocial, and environmental domains. Results: Accumulating evidence indicates that higher childhood adiposity, psychosocial stress, and EDC exposure are consistently associated with advanced pubertal timing. Earlier menarche correlates with an elevated risk of depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, and body image-related distress, although effect sizes vary across populations. Emerging longitudinal data suggest that the peri-menarcheal period represents a critical window for symptom exacerbation. These associations appear to be mediated by biological mechanisms (e.g., hormonal shifts, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity) and social processes including peer-comparison dynamics and premature sexualization. Conclusions: Earlier menarche acts as a biopsychosocial sentinel event rather than an isolated gynecological milestone. Integrating mental health screening and anticipatory guidance into pediatric and gynecological care is essential for early risk detection. A multidisciplinary, equity-oriented approach is required to address both individual vulnerability and broader environmental determinants. Full article

This study examines the extent to which participation in extracurricular sport activities (ESA) satisfies basic psychological needs (BPN) and the type of motivation generated in pre-adolescents (aged 9–12). A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted with 158 participants in sport activities (62 girls [39.2%] and 96 boys [60.8%]) from A Coruña, Spain, using three validated scales (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, Perceived Locus Of Causality and Self-concept Form 5). The results indicated high scores for physical self-concept (PSC), as well as in the needs for competence and relatedness, while the need for autonomy was moderate. Autonomous motivations (intrinsic and identified) predominated over controlled ones and amotivation. Positive correlations were found between BPN satisfaction, PSC, and autonomous motivation, while the need for autonomy correlated negatively with amotivation. No gender differences were found in BPN or PSC; however, boys exhibited significantly higher levels of identified, introjected, and external regulations. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these motivational differences were due to gender and not the type of sport practised. In conclusion, although ESA foster high PSC and autonomous motivation, there is a need to improve methodology and design programs that satisfy the need for autonomy to curb female dropout rates. Full article

This qualitative case study examined how university taekwondo coaches and athletes perceive artificial intelligence (AI) in sport, with emphasis on the psychological dimensions of implementation readiness. Using convenience sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 coaches and 30 athletes competing in inter-university taekwondo championships in Turkey. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis, and inter-coder agreement was quantified using Cohen’s Kappa. Competition analysis and training support were identified as the most useful applications. Reported benefits included faster feedback, improved athlete monitoring, and more systematic performance analysis, while concerns centred on incorrect guidance, loss of human elements in coaching, and insufficient accountability in AI-supported decisions. Athletes were generally positive about AI-assisted refereeing when it was framed around fairness and visibility, whereas coaches were more cautious when AI was presented as a substitute for core coaching functions. Interpreted through self-determination theory and self-efficacy as sensitising lenses, the findings indicate that AI adoption is most feasible when systems support rather than displace human roles, operate under clear governance and human oversight, and are accompanied by targeted training. The findings are context-specific and provide a basis for further empirical work. The findings of this study contribute to UN-SDG 9 by supporting the responsible adoption of artificial intelligence in sport management. Full article

Background: Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) are both complex, often debilitating conditions that frequently affect young women and involve high symptom burdens and psychiatric comorbidity. Although clinical overlap between these two disorders has long been observed, quantitative evidence assessing their co-occurrence has been lacking. Objective: The aim of this review was to determine the frequency of POTS in patients with FND and FND in patients with POTS through meta-analysis of the available literature, and to describe overlapping putative factors between the two conditions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar up to April 2025. The meta-analysis was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting original data on the frequency of POTS in individuals with FND and FND in individuals with POTS were included. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. Quality assessment was conducted using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Evidence relating to overlapping putative factors between POTS and FND was synthesised narratively. Results: From over 37,000 records, 11 studies comprising 1199 participants were included. The pooled proportion of POTS among individuals with FND was 14% (95% CI: 5–26%), with the highest rates seen in those with functional seizures (26%). Substantial heterogeneity (I² = 94.6%) reflected differences in methodology, age group, setting, and diagnostic criteria. Evidence regarding FND in POTS remains limited. Overlapping putative factors included biopsychosocial predisposing factors, female gender, altered interoception, psychological trauma and stress response, immune dysregulation, neurohumoral factors and comorbidities. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the proportion of POTS among individuals with FND is higher than expected by chance alone. An overview of their overlap highlights potential shared biopsychosocial mechanisms and provides a framework for integrated clinical care. Recognising their co-occurrence and the need for careful differential diagnosis between these conditions may inform screening, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management strategies. This perspective supports a non-dualistic, neuroscience-based approach and identifies priorities for future research. Full article

Grounded in self-determination theory, the present study examined the role of psychological distress as a mediator between autonomous learning and academic engagement among university students in China. In this cross-sectional study, survey data from 234 Chinese university students were collected to evaluate autonomous learning, psychological distress including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and academic engagement. Structural equation modeling indicated that autonomous learning was positively associated with academic engagement and negatively related to psychological distress. Psychological distress, in turn, was negatively associated with academic engagement and mediated the relation between autonomous learning and academic engagement. Additional analyses further revealed significant alternative directionality of effects between psychological distress and autonomous learning, thereby suggesting that the relation may be bidirectional. These findings highlight the importance of fostering autonomous learning and addressing psychological distress to enhance engagement among Chinese students in higher education. Full article

We conducted an exploratory evaluation of short-term changes following participation in a two-day intensive training programme aimed at addressing sustainability-oriented and project-management-related psychological outcomes, focusing on self-efficacy and behavioral intentions among university staff and researchers. A repeated-measures pre-post design was adopted. A total of 28 participants took part in the training, which covered the fundamentals of project management (including its main phases and processes) and the integration of sustainability principles into project management practices. Participants were assessed at two time points: prior to the training (T1) and immediately after its completion (T2). Primary outcomes included project sustainability self-efficacy, project management self-efficacy, pro-sustainability behavioral intentions, and behavioral intentions to adopt new project management practices. Cognitive fatigue and perceived training utility were assessed at T2 to capture participants’ immediate post-training experiences. Changes over time were examined using paired-samples t-tests and regression models controlling for baseline (T1) levels of each outcome variable. Participants showed significant increases from T1 to T2 across all outcome variables, with a moderate effect for project sustainability self-efficacy (Cohen’s d = 0.42) and large to very large effects for project management self-efficacy (d = 1.35), pro-sustainability behavioral intentions (d = 2.08), and behavioral intentions to adopt new project management practices (d = 1.38). Baseline levels generally predicted post-training scores, suggesting partial temporal stability, whereas perceived training utility showed weak and non-significant associations with post-training outcomes. Cognitive fatigue did not emerge as a significant predictor of any outcome. Overall, these exploratory findings provide preliminary evidence of short-term changes observed following participation in the training programme in sustainability- and project-management-related psychological outcomes. However, given the small convenience sample, single-group pre-post design, and immediate post-training assessment, the findings should be interpreted cautiously and do not allow causal conclusions regarding the effects of the training programme. Larger controlled and longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these changes can be replicated and sustained over time. Full article