Skip to Content

38 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
3,498 Views
15 Pages

Effect of Poling on Multicatalytic Performance of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramic for Dye Degradation

  • Akshay Gaur,
  • Shivam Dubey,
  • Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani,
  • Samia ben Ahmed and ,
  • Mohammed Sultan Abdulghaffar Al-Buriahi,
  • Rahul Vaish and
  • Vishal Singh Chauhan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 November 2022

Ferroelectric materials with a spontaneous polarization are proven to be potential multicatalysts in water remediation applications. The composition of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 (BST-BZT) was examined for photocatalysis, piezocatalysis,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ferromagnetic and Ferroelectric Materials: Synthesis, Applications, and Techniques)
  • Review
  • Open Access
161 Views
50 Pages

Covalent Organic Frameworks for Piezocatalysis, Piezo-Photocatalysis and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

  • Kailai Zhang,
  • Ao Feng,
  • Gan Wang,
  • Hang Chen and ,
  • Shurui Xu,
  • Guoyu Zhong and
  • Baizeng Fang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

24 October 2026

Low-grade mechanical energy widely exists in natural environments, such as ocean-wave fluctuation, industrial vibration and human-body motion, yet most of this energy remains underutilized. Piezocatalysis, piezo-photocatalysis and piezoelectric nanog...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,287 Views
17 Pages

Piezoelectric-Driven Fenton System Based on Bismuth Ferrite Nanosheets for Removal of N-Acetyl-para-aminophenol in Aqueous Environments

  • Chi Zhou,
  • Shenglong Jing,
  • Teng Miao,
  • Nianlai Zhou and ,
  • Hang Zhang,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Lin Ge,
  • Wencheng Liu and
  • Zixin Yang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

27 January 2025

Emerging pollutants, such as N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability, and Bi2Fe2O2 (BFO) nanomaterials are an emerging class of piezoelectric materials. This study presents a novel piezoelectric-driven F...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Catalysis for Green Chemistry and Energy Transition)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
43 Citations
6,032 Views
7 Pages

Bacteriostatic Effect of Piezoelectric Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Polymer Films under Ultrasound Treatment

  • Ivan S. Vatlin,
  • Roman V. Chernozem,
  • Alexander S. Timin,
  • Anna P. Chernova and ,
  • Evgeny V. Plotnikov,
  • Yulia R. Mukhortova,
  • Maria A. Surmeneva and
  • Roman A. Surmenev
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

20 January 2020

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria stimulates the development of new treatment approaches. Piezoelectric-catalysis has attracted much attention due to the possibility to effectively provide antibacterial effect via generation of reactive oxygen specie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Polymer Scaffolds and Thin Films for Biomedical Applications: State-of-the-Art and Challenges)
  • Communication
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,362 Views
10 Pages

15 August 2023

Dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) coupled with sonocatalysts has emerged to be an advanced tool for antimicrobial applications in medicine but remains scarcely studied for water disinfection. In the present work, we first integrated high-frequency DFU...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Environment Pollution and Control, Volume II)
  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
6,103 Views
29 Pages

PVDF-Based Piezo-Catalytic Membranes—A Net-Zero Emission Approach towards Textile Wastewater Purification

  • Amna Siddique,
  • Hifza Nawaz,
  • Shumaila Razzaque,
  • Anila Tabasum and ,
  • Hugh Gong,
  • Humaira Razzaq and
  • Muhammad Umar
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

4 March 2024

Among the various water purification techniques, advancements in membrane technology, with better fabrication and analysis, are receiving the most research attention. The piezo-catalytic degradation of water pollutants is an emerging area of research...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymer for Membrane Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
610 Views
40 Pages

Symmetry Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Piezocatalysis: Fundamental Mechanisms and Multi-Scale Structural Regulation

  • Kailai Zhang,
  • Ao Feng,
  • Aoan Chen,
  • Hang Chen and ,
  • Shurui Xu,
  • Guoyu Zhong and
  • Baizeng Fang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

24 September 2026

Driven by the pursuit of carbon-neutral and distributed energy systems, extensive efforts have been devoted to harvesting ubiquitous low-grade ambient mechanical energy. Piezocatalysis offers a unique light-independent and electricity-free pathway th...

(This article belongs to the Section Catalytic Reaction Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,959 Views
26 Pages

Mechanical energy, a ubiquitous renewable resource, can be effectively harnessed via piezocatalysis to convert physical stimuli into chemical energy for sterilization. As a promising green technology, piezocatalysis employs external mechanical force...

(This article belongs to the Section Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
342 Views
15 Pages

11 September 2026

Aquatic antibiotic pollution represented by ofloxacin (OFX) causes serious ecological hazards and endangers public health due to the high persistence and bioaccumulation of antibiotic residues. Conventional water treatment techniques are insufficient...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A New Perspective on the Determination and Removal of Pollutants in the Environment, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,293 Views
10 Pages

Bi2O2Se Nanosheets for Efficient Piezocatalytic H2O2 Production

  • Shun Li,
  • Xinbo Liu,
  • Xinyue Zhang and
  • Yong Liu

8 February 2025

Piezocatalysis is a promising technology for converting mechanical energy to chemical energy. Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials, with their large surface area, high charge mobility, and good flexibility, are among the most promising candid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
7,132 Views
11 Pages

Synergistic Piezo-Photocatalysis of BiOCl/NaNbO3 Heterojunction Piezoelectric Composite for High-Efficient Organic Pollutant Degradation

  • Li Li,
  • Wenjun Cao,
  • Jiahao Yao,
  • Wei Liu and ,
  • Feng Li and
  • Chunchang Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 January 2022

Piezo-photocatalytic technique is a new-emerging strategy to alleviate photoinduced charge recombination and thus enhance catalytic performance. The heterojunction construction engineering is a powerful approach to improve photocatalytic performance....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Ferroic Materials—Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Magnetic, and Multiferroic Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,615 Views
11 Pages

Electric Poling Effect on Piezocatalytic BaTiO3/Polymer Composites for Coatings

  • Nada Alfryyan,
  • Sandeep Kumar,
  • Samia Ben Ahmed,
  • Imen Kebaili and ,
  • Imed Boukhris,
  • Puneet Azad,
  • Mohammed Sultan Al-Buriahi and
  • Rahul Vaish
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

13 October 2022

BaTiO3-polymer paint composites were fabricated to examine piezocatalysis activities. Dye degradation and antibacterial activities were recorded under ultrasonication. The effect of polarization was also examined for the catalysis process. There were...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Catalysis)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,886 Views
12 Pages

20 March 2023

In this study, ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 and Au-Bi4Ti3O12 nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning and ion sputtering. The piezoelectric effect of Bi4Ti3O12 and the surface plasmon effect of Au were used to improve the photogenerated electron&nda...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Engineering Novel Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Energy and Environmental Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,249 Views
15 Pages

Fast and Efficient Piezo/Photocatalytic Removal of Methyl Orange Using SbSI Nanowires

  • Krystian Mistewicz,
  • Mirosława Kępińska,
  • Marian Nowak,
  • Agnieszka Sasiela and ,
  • Maciej Zubko and
  • Danuta Stróż
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

28 October 2020

Piezocatalysis is a novel method that can be applied for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. In this paper, ferroelectric nanowires of antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) have been fabricated using a sonochemical method. Methyl orange (MO) was c...

(This article belongs to the Collection Catalysts: Preparation, Catalytic Performance and Catalytic Reaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
641 Views
21 Pages

28 May 2026

Cephalexin is a widely used antibiotic frequently detected in hospital wastewater and aquatic environments near pharmaceutical facilities, where its persistence contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. Mechanically driven advanced oxidatio...

(This article belongs to the Section Catalysis Enhanced Processes)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,428 Views
29 Pages

Research Progress and Translational Perspectives of Piezoelectric Materials in Dental Implant Surface Engineering

  • Xu Cao,
  • Jiangqi Hu,
  • Qian Pang,
  • Qingsong Jiang and ,
  • Su Chen and
  • Bin Luo
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The long-term stability of dental implants is limited by multiple factors, including peri-implant infection, impaired osseointegration, and poor soft tissue sealing. Compared with conventional passive surface modification strategies, piezoelectric ma...

(This article belongs to the Section Dental Biomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
6,959 Views
14 Pages

Piezo-Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of the Electrospun Fibrous Magnetic PVDF/BiFeO3 Membrane

  • Farid Orudzhev,
  • Dinara Sobola,
  • Shikhgasan Ramazanov,
  • Klára Částková and ,
  • Nikola Papež,
  • Daud A. Selimov,
  • Magomed Abdurakhmanov,
  • Abdulatip Shuaibov,
  • Alina Rabadanova and
  • Vladimír Holcman
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

3 January 2023

Creating stimulus-sensitive smart catalysts capable of decomposing organic dyes with high efficiency is a critical task in ecology. Combining the advantages of photoactive piezoelectric nanomaterials and ferroelectric polymers can effectively solve t...

(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis, Characterization and Performance of Materials for a Sustainable Future)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,018 Views
21 Pages

Porous Hybrid PVDF/BiFeO3 Smart Composite with Magnetic, Piezophotocatalytic, and Light-Emission Properties

  • Farid Orudzhev,
  • Nariman Alikhanov,
  • Abdulkarim Amirov,
  • Alina Rabadanova and ,
  • Daud Selimov,
  • Abdulatip Shuaibov,
  • Rashid Gulakhmedov,
  • Magomed Abdurakhmanov,
  • Asiyat Magomedova and
  • Valeria Rodionova
  • + 12 authors+ 7 authors

11 May 2023

The creation of multi-stimuli-sensitive composite polymer–inorganic materials is a practical scientific task. The combination of photoactive magneto-piezoelectric nanomaterials and ferroelectric polymers offers new properties that can help solv...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Nanomaterials for Catalytic Environment, Energy, and Sustainability)
  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,071 Views
22 Pages

Review on Multicatalytic Behavior of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 Ceramic

  • Akshay Gaur,
  • Chirag Porwal,
  • Imed Boukhris,
  • Vishal Singh Chauhan and
  • Rahul Vaish

21 August 2023

Ferroelectric materials are known to possess multicatalytic abilities that are nowadays utilized for removing organic pollutants from water via piezocatalysis, photocatalysis, piezo-photocatalysis, and pyrocatalysis processes. The Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr...

(This article belongs to the Section Catalytic Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
3,778 Views
9 Pages

9 August 2021

Strain-induced internal electric fields present a significant path to boosting the separation of photoinduced electrons and holes. In addition, piezo-induced positive/negative pairs could be released smoothly, taking advantage of the excellent electr...

(This article belongs to the Section Thin Films and Interfaces)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,829 Views
14 Pages

2 December 2024

Piezocatalytic materials have attracted widespread attention in the fields of clean energy and water treatment because of their ability to convert mechanical energy directly into chemical energy. In this study, γ-AlON particles synthesised usin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Nanomaterials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
1,663 Views
22 Pages

Tuning of Photocatalytic and Piezophotocatalytic Activity of Bi3TiNbO9 via Synthesis-Controlled Surface Defect Engineering

  • Farid F. Orudzhev,
  • Asiyat G. Magomedova,
  • Sergei A. Kurnosenko,
  • Vladislav E. Beklemyshev and ,
  • Wei Li,
  • Chuanyi Wang and
  • Irina A. Zvereva
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

20 October 2025

In this work, we investigate advanced photocatalyst Bi3TiNbO9 as promising piezophotocatalyst in terms of the effect of synthesis methods on the surface chemistry, structure, and catalytic performance in process of contaminant removal. Samples were p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Photocatalysts for Environmental Remediation and Contaminant Removal)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,293 Views
12 Pages

Bio-Based Nanocellulose Piezocatalysts: PH-Neutral Mechanochemical Degradation of Multipollutant Dyes via Ambient Vibration Energy Conversion

  • Zhaoning Yang,
  • Zihao Yang,
  • Xiaoxin Shu,
  • Wenshuai Chen and ,
  • Jiaolong Liu,
  • Keqing Chen and
  • Yanmin Jia
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Piezoelectric catalytic technology has attracted much attention in the field of dye wastewater treatment, in which inorganic piezoelectric materials have been widely studied. Its core mechanism involves utilizing the piezoelectric effect to generate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,596 Views
18 Pages

Combination NIPS/TIPS Synthesis of α-Fe2O3 and α/γ-Fe2O3 Doped PVDF Composite for Efficient Piezocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B

  • Asiyat G. Magomedova,
  • Alina A. Rabadanova,
  • Abdulatip O. Shuaibov,
  • Daud A. Selimov and ,
  • Dinara S. Sobola,
  • Kamil Sh. Rabadanov,
  • Kamal M. Giraev and
  • Farid F. Orudzhev
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

4 October 2023

Highly porous membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the addition of nanoscale particles of non-magnetic and magnetic iron oxides were synthesized using a combined method of non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and thermo-induc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Applied Chemistry 2.0)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,104 Views
13 Pages

Boosting Piezocatalytic Performance of BaTiO3 by Tuning Defects at Room Temperature

  • Donghui An,
  • Renhong Liang,
  • Hua Liu,
  • Chao Zhou and ,
  • Mao Ye,
  • Renkui Zheng,
  • Han Li and
  • Shanming Ke
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

29 January 2024

Defect engineering constitutes a widely-employed method of adjusting the electronic structure and properties of oxide materials. However, controlling defects at room temperature remains a significant challenge due to the considerable thermal stabilit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Environment Energy Harvesting, Conversion and Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
436 Views
15 Pages

23 August 2026

The piezocatalytic activity of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is generally hampered by an insufficient intrinsic piezoelectric response, which largely restricts their application in energy catalytic conversion. Herein, MIL-125-NH2(Ti) (denoted...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,233 Views
25 Pages

Plasmon-Enhanced Piezo-Photocatalytic Degradation of Metronidazole Using Ag-Decorated ZnO Microtetrapods

  • Farid Orudzhev,
  • Makhach Gadzhiev,
  • Rashid Gyulakhmedov,
  • Sergey Antipov and ,
  • Arsen Muslimov,
  • Valeriya Krasnova,
  • Maksim Il’ichev,
  • Yury Kulikov,
  • Andrey Chistolinov and
  • Vladimir Kanevsky
  • + 8 authors+ 3 authors

3 December 2025

The development of advanced semiconductor-based catalysts for the rapid degradation of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants in water remains a critical challenge in environmental science. In this study, we present the synthesis, characterization, and c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalytic Materials and Photocatalytic Reactions, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
559 Views
16 Pages

Catalytic Activity of Piezoelectric and Paraelectric BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

  • Akram Asadi,
  • Hossein Kalhori,
  • Andrea A. Greschner,
  • Andreas Ruediger and
  • Alain Pignolet

17 August 2026

Ultrasonically assisted catalysis—also called sonocatalysis—is one of the advanced oxidation processes used for wastewater treatment. It has been shown that using nanoparticles of piezoelectric materials as nanocatalysts in sonocatalysis...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
  • Review
  • Open Access
55 Citations
10,648 Views
25 Pages

Review of Piezocatalysis and Piezo-Assisted Photocatalysis in Environmental Engineering

  • Juhua He,
  • Chencheng Dong,
  • Xiaojuan Chen,
  • Heshan Cai and ,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Xueding Jiang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Anan Peng and
  • Mohammad A.H. Badsha
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

18 September 2023

In light of external bias potential separating charge carriers on the photocatalyst surface, piezo materials’ built-in electric field plays a comparable role in enhancing photocatalyst performance. The synergistic effect provided by combining p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,113 Views
18 Pages

A Comprehensive Study of Synthesis and Analysis of Anisotropic Iron Oxide and Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles

  • Elizaveta Chernova,
  • Vladimir Botvin,
  • Maria Galstenkova,
  • Yulia Mukhortova and ,
  • Dmitry Wagner,
  • Evgeny Gerasimov,
  • Maria Surmeneva,
  • Andrei Kholkin and
  • Roman Surmenev
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

5 December 2022

One-dimensional anisotropic nanoparticles are of great research interest across a wide range of biomedical applications due to their specific physicochemical and magnetic properties in comparison with isotropic magnetic nanoparticles. In this work, t...

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Materials and Metal-Organic Frameworks)
  • Review
  • Open Access

5 November 2026

Photocatalytic fog seal technology for asphalt pavement suffers from unclear photocatalyst selection criteria, incomplete testing and evaluation systems, and poorly understood efficacy enhancement mechanisms. This review systematically examines the m...

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,209 Views
16 Pages

Ultrasound-Responsive Drug Delivery System Based on Piezoelectric Catalytic Mechanisms

  • Kaixi Cui,
  • Tianzheng Li,
  • Yifei Ma,
  • Chuanjin Zhang and ,
  • Ke Zhang,
  • Chao Qi and
  • Kaiyong Cai
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Ultrasound-responsive nanomaterials represent a promising approach for achieving non-invasive and localized drug delivery within tumor microenvironments. In this study, we developed a piezocatalysis-assisted hydrogel system that integrates reactive o...

(This article belongs to the Section Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,544 Views
27 Pages

18 November 2021

Interest in pyroelectrics and piezoelectrics has increased worldwide on account of their unique properties. Applications based on these phenomena include piezo- and pyroelectric nanogenerators, piezoelectric sensors, and piezocatalysis. One of the mo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,653 Views
35 Pages

Research Progress on the Preparation, Modification, and Applications of g-C3N4 in Photocatalysis and Piezoelectric Photocatalysis

  • Mengyang Li,
  • Liuqing Yang,
  • Yizhe Song,
  • Hongru Hou and ,
  • Yujie Fang,
  • Yucheng Liu,
  • Lihao Xie and
  • Dingze Lu
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

5 September 2025

The metal-free polymeric semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising material for photocatalytic applications due to its responsiveness to visible light, adjustable electronic structure, and stability. This review syste...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Papers in Inorganic Materials 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,090 Views
14 Pages

The Piezocatalytic Degradation of Sulfadiazine by Lanthanum-Doped Barium Titanate

  • Daijun Meng,
  • Yuqi Xiang,
  • Ziwei Yang,
  • Hao Yuan and ,
  • Liang Tang and
  • Shiyang Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 April 2024

Piezocatalysis, a heterogeneous catalytic technique, leverages the periodic electric field changes generated by piezoelectric materials under external forces to drive carriers for the advanced oxidation of organic pollutants. Antibiotics, as emerging...

(This article belongs to the Section Green Chemistry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
334 Views
12 Pages

Preparation of NaNbO3-Based Piezocatalysts via Solid-State Method and Piezocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

  • Hao Cheng,
  • Huan Yu,
  • Fen Ye,
  • Yina Zheng and ,
  • Junling Yu,
  • Jun Chang and
  • Yundong Wu
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

11 September 2026

Piezoelectric catalysis exploits the piezoelectric effect of materials under mechanical stress, inducing surface charges that participate in wastewater degradation reactions. This process generates no secondary pollution and represents an environment...

(This article belongs to the Section Catalytic Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
727 Views
20 Pages

Insight into the Piezo-Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism of Organic Contaminant by Chromium-Doped Bismuth Ferrite Thin Film

  • Roxana Jijie,
  • Marius Dobromir,
  • Teodora Matei,
  • Ioana-Laura Velicu and ,
  • Valentin Crăciun,
  • Georgiana Bulai and
  • Vasile Tiron
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

25 April 2026

Piezo-enhanced photocatalysis is progressively considered an eco-friendly technology for contaminant removal, harvesting not only solar energy but also mechanical vibrations found in nature. Multiferroic materials present a coupled effect of various...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Pollutants in Water, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,659 Views
19 Pages

Strategies to Enhance Catalytic Efficiency of ZnO Thin Film Under Solar Light Irradiation

  • Teodora Matei,
  • Gabriel Andrisan,
  • Ioana-Laura Velicu,
  • Georgiana Bulai and ,
  • Mihai Alexandru Ciolan,
  • Felicia Gheorghiu,
  • Marius Dobromir,
  • Roxana Strungaru-Jijie and
  • Vasile Tiron
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

26 February 2026

Given the increasing environmental degradation, this study investigates advanced zinc oxide (ZnO)-based materials for the mineralization of toxic compounds through the combined action of photo- and piezocatalysis. Two complementary strategies were em...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Pollutants in Water, 2nd Edition)