Search Results (768)

Background and Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent condition that impairs quality of life, functionality, and work productivity. While most acute episodes of back pain resolve, 4–25% become chronic due to factors such as high pain intensity, psychological distress, and maladaptive behaviors. Nonspecific CLBP is best understood through the biopsychosocial model, encompassing biological, psychological, and social influences, including kinesiophobia. Management relies on physical activity, pain education, and psychological interventions, with therapist knowledge and attitudes affecting outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CLBP among healthcare workers, examine their knowledge of pain neurophysiology, evaluate kinesiophobia, and explore how personal experience with CLBP influences their beliefs, attitudes, and interactions with patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to May 2025 among healthcare professionals. A total of 50 participants completed an online questionnaire, of which 42 were valid and included in the analysis. The questionnaire collected demographic and professional data, determined the presence of CLBP, and included three standardized instruments: the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (rNPQ) to assess knowledge of pain mechanisms, the Health Care Providers’ Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) to evaluate beliefs about pain and disability, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) to measure fear of movement. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: Among the 42 participants, 11 demonstrated low, 28 moderate, and 3 high knowledge of pain neurophysiology (rNPQ), with a mean score of 5.66. On the HC-PAIRS, the majority (30 participants) scored above 60, indicating beliefs that pain leads to disability, while 12 scored below 60, reflecting a biopsychosocial perspective; gender did not significantly affect HC-PAIRS scores (p = 0.213). As for kinesiophobia (TSK-11), 24 participants had low, 17 moderate, and 1 clinically significant fear of movement. Correlation analysis revealed that younger participants had higher rNPQ scores (r = −0.358, p = 0.020) and lower TSK-11 scores (r = −0.389, p = 0.011). TSK-11 scores increased with age (r = 0.432, p = 0.004), while HC-PAIRS scores showed no significant correlations. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals, particularly physiotherapists, show gaps in knowledge of pain neurophysiology and a tendency toward biomedical beliefs regarding chronic low back pain. This cross-sectional study indicates that a greater understanding of pain mechanisms is associated with lower kinesiophobia, emphasizing the importance of education. Integrating the biopsychosocial model into undergraduate and continuing professional training, through interdisciplinary and practical modules, may improve knowledge, reduce maladaptive fear-avoidance behaviors, and enhance patient care. Future studies should include larger, more diverse samples and assess the long-term impact of educational interventions on clinical practice. Full article

Amid escalating ecological degradation, social fragmentation, and rising mental health challenges—especially in rural and agricultural communities—there is an urgent need to reimagine systems that support both planetary and human flourishing. This viewpoint examines an emerging paradigm in agriculture that emphasizes the role of farmers’ inner development in fostering practices that enhance ecological health, community well-being, and a resilient food system. A key goal is to draw more academic attention to growing community calls for more holistic, relational, and spiritually grounded approaches to food systems as an important focus for ongoing research. Drawing on diverse case studies from Japan, India, and Europe, we examine how small-scale and natural farming initiatives are integrating inner development, universal human values, and ecological consciousness. These case studies were developed and/or refined through a program led by the Conscious Food Systems Alliance (CoFSA), an initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) that seeks to integrate inner transformation with sustainable food systems change. The initiatives are intended as illustrative examples of how agriculture can transcend its conventional, anthropocentric role as a food production system to become a site for cultivating deeper self-awareness, spiritual connection, and regenerative relationships with nature. Participants in these cases reported significant shifts in mindset—from materialistic and extractive worldviews to more relational and value-driven orientations rooted in care, cooperation, and sustainability. Core practices such as mindfulness, experiential learning, and spiritual ecology helped reframe farming as a holistic process that nurtures both land and life. These exploratory case studies suggest that when farmers are supported in aligning with inner values and natural systems, they become empowered as agents of systemic change. By linking personal growth with planetary stewardship, these models offer pathways toward more integrated, life-affirming approaches to agriculture and future academic research. Full article

Osteoporosis and chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease share several common biological mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, and metabolic alterations. In this context, multimorbidity presents an increasing clinical challenge, particularly in older populations, where osteoporosis remains frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review aims to explore the complex interplay between skeletal fragility and cardiometabolic diseases, emphasizing the role of nutritional deficiencies (such as iron and vitamin C), shared molecular pathways (advanced glycation end-products, Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System, RANK Ligand, RANK), and the systemic impact of chronic inflammation and tissue hypoperfusion. The review also addresses the effects of various drug classes—antidiabetics, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and anti-osteoporotic agents—on bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk. Special focus is given to the implementation of integrated and personalized care models, particularly multidisciplinary team-based approaches, which have demonstrated significant reductions in mortality and refracture rates, despite their still limited adoption in clinical practice. In conclusion, this review highlights the shared mechanisms between osteoporosis and cardiometabolic conditions in the context of multimorbidity, underscoring persistent clinical challenges related to diagnosis, drug interactions, and care fragmentation that warrant further research into integrated care models. Full article

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are increasingly acknowledged not merely as confined gastrointestinal disorders but as systemic immunometabolic syndromes. Central to this paradigm is the gut microbiota including non-bacterial components such as the virome, whose functional disruption marked by reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increasingly implicated in pathogenic processes extending beyond intestinal mucosa. This review outlines how these alternations compromise the epithelial barrier and immune regulation, increasing the risk of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections to anemia, neuropsychiatric comorbidities, and extraintestinal manifestations. We critically evaluate emerging microbiota-targeted strategies, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), and precision postbiotics, positioning them as potential adjuncts to conventional immunosuppression. Finally, we discuss the current barriers to clinical translation, such as safety and heterogeneity, and propose a future framework for personalized, functionally integrated IBD care aimed at restoring long-term microbiota homeostasis. Full article

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants posing ecological risks in wastewater. Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer sustainable treatment through integrated biological processes. In this study, a biomimetic microbial CW reactor was developed using 30 L aquariums with porous media, aeration setups, and surface plants to simulate natural wetland conditions. This design combines enhanced microbial degradation strategies using fungal (Trametes versicolor), bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and consortia degradation, integrating multiple biological pathways. Synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L of selected PPCPs, including caffeine, methylparaben, and trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), was used to evaluate the degradation potential of these microbial treatments. While caffeine and methylparaben were effectively targeted, TCC degradation was inconclusive due to solubility limitations in the selected solvent. Over three months, system stability, plant growth, and microbial biomass were monitored, and contaminant degradation was tracked using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis. Results demonstrated that individual fungal and bacterial treatments achieved near-complete caffeine degradation (99–100%) within seven weeks, while the combined treatment accelerated this process to just four weeks. Methylparaben followed a similar trend, achieving complete degradation by the seventh week. This study highlights the potential of microbial CW systems fortified with targeted microbial consortia as a scalable solution for pollutant removal. Future work should refine microbial combinations and analytical methods to expand the range of treatable pollutants. Full article

The widespread use of antibiotics, combined with pervasive exposure to diverse environmental media, has intensified the global challenge of antibiotic resistance. Accumulating evidence reveals that beyond direct antibiotic pressure, residual non-antibiotic chemicals—despite lacking intrinsic antibacterial activity—can significantly promote the enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in farmland soils through indirect mechanisms such as inducing oxidative stress, altering microbial community structure, and enhancing both vertical and horizontal gene transfer. To address this issue, the present study investigates the influence of representative non-antibiotic contaminants commonly detected in agricultural environments—including pesticides (e.g., Omethoate, imidacloprid, and atrazine), industrial pollutants (e.g., PCB138, BDE47, benzo [a] pyrene, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD], and benzene), plastic-associated compounds (e.g., Polyethylene trimer, phthalates, and tributyl acetylcitrate), and ingredients from personal care products (e.g., triclosan and bisphenol A)—on ARG transmission dynamics. Leveraging bioinformatics resources such as the CARD database, PDB, AlphaFold, and molecular sequence analysis tools, we identified relevant small-molecule ligands and macromolecular receptors to construct a simulation system modeling ARG transfer pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were then implemented, guided by a Plackett–Burman experimental design, to systematically evaluate the impact of individual and co-occurring pollutants. The resulting data were processed using advanced analytical tools, and MD trajectories were interpreted at the molecular level across three scenarios: an unperturbed (blank) system, single-pollutant exposures, and dual-pollutant combinations. By integrating computational simulations with machine learning approaches, this work uncovers the “co-selection” effect exerted by non-antibiotic chemical residues in shaping the environmental resistome, thereby providing a mechanistic and scientific basis for comprehensive risk assessment of agricultural non-point source pollution and the development of effective soil health management and antimicrobial resistance containment strategies. Full article

The digitalization of business activities is already a reality in most developed countries. India, driven by strong information technology, is rapidly digitalizing across business industries. In the retail industry, this shift is visible in the adoption of omnichannel strategies to enhance value for customers, loyalty and trust, retailer’s image, overall shopping experience, and operational productivity. The present study assesses the extent of omnichannel transformation in the five leading Indian retail sectors viz. Consumer Electronics, Fashion and Apparel, Furniture and Home Decor, Grocery and Supermarkets, and Personal Care and Hygiene. The research design uses mystery shopping approach to collect data from 166 nationally present retailers to analyze their level of omnichannel implementation and digital adoption. The authors performed all statistical analyses and visualizations in R using the ggstatsplot package. The results highlight a less-than-ideal picture of channel integration, suggesting that while top retailers in each sector dominate channel integration, most others have made limited progress. Among the sectors, the Furniture and Home Decor sector leads in channel integration. Other contributions of this study include the enhancement of the existing measuring tool by introducing new indicators. The study reveals gaps in omnichannel implementation to help managers plan strategic improvements. Full article

This study aimed to determine carbonyl compound concentrations and assess their potential health risk in indoor air at three homes in different areas of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Sampling was conducted from March to April 2021, during the home office confinement period. Average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde in living rooms ranged from 84.15 to 74.93 μg m⁻³, 66.49 to 50.20 μg m⁻³, 60.01 to 41.35 μg m⁻³, 74.58 to 63.02 μg m⁻³, 10.90 to 6.21 μg m⁻³, and 12.45 to 9.91 μg m⁻³, respectively. In bedrooms, concentrations ranged from 84.76 to 59.70 μg m⁻³, 50.12 to 51.73 μg m⁻³, 59.74 to 37.25 μg m⁻³, 76.62 to 59.72 μg m⁻³, 14.45 to 8.40 μg m⁻³, and 10.72 to 8.82 μg m⁻³, respectively. All measured carbonyls had significant indoor concentrations, exceeding those reported in other studies worldwide. From the statistical analysis, it was found that there were significant differences in carbonyl levels between the studied homes. This suggests diverse and prevalent sources in these environments. E-cigarette vapors clearly increased acrolein levels, and the use of personal care and household products (PCHPs) also contributed to higher carbonyl concentrations indoors. The lifetime cancer risk coefficient (LTCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) values for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded WHO and US EPA recommendations, indicating increased risks of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. Full article

Organic micropollutants in agricultural soils pose significant ecological and health risks. This study conducted the first large-scale, integrated non-targeted screening and targeted analysis across China’s major food-producing regions. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 498 micropollutants were identified, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, food additives, natural products, and emerging contaminants. Spatial analysis revealed strong correlations in pesticide detections between Henan and Hebei, as well as between Hebei and Shandong, indicating pronounced regional similarities in pesticide occurrence patterns. Concentrations of 50 quantified micropollutants showed clear spatial variability, which was associated with precipitation, water use, and agricultural output, reflecting climate–agriculture–socioeconomic synergies. Greenhouse soils accumulated higher micropollutant levels than open fields, driven by intensive agrochemical inputs, plastic-film confinement, and reduced phototransformation. Co-occurrence patterns indicated similar pathways for personal care products, industrial chemicals, and pesticides, whereas natural products and pharmaceuticals showed lower levels of co-occurrence due to crop-specific exudates, fertilization, and rainfall-driven leaching. Among cropping systems, orchard soils had the highest micropollutant accumulation, followed by paddy and vegetable soils, consistent with frequent pesticide use and minimal tillage. Risk quotients indicated moderate-to-high ecological risks at over half of the sites. These results reveal complex soil pollution patterns and highlight the need for dynamic inventories and spatially differentiated, crop- and system-specific mitigation strategies. Full article

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is frequently complicated by dysphagia, undermining timely and reliable oral dopaminergic medication. Levodopa’s short half-life and delayed gastric emptying in advanced PD result in inconsistent absorption, delayed “ON” periods, and challenges to adherence. Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) dissolve without water and can mitigate swallowing limitations. Research indicates that selegiline ODT achieves a faster time to peak and higher relative bioavailability via partial buccal absorption, whereas carbidopa/levodopa ODTs are bioequivalent to immediate release tablets (with similar AUC/C_max and approximately 1 h T_max) without consistent motor advantages but with higher patient acceptability. This review synthesizes the clinical burden of dysphagia in PD, pharmacokinetic constraints of current formulations, and the reasons for ODTs. We highlight 3D printing as a route to personalized, dysphagia friendly therapy, which enables dose individualization, polypills, engineered disintegration or release, and point-of-care production. Feasibility studies underscore stability considerations such as carbidopa, throughput and regulatory requirements (QbD/GMP), and bioequivalence information. We outline priorities to integrate 3D printed ODTs into PD care, aligning formulation, pharmacokinetics, and human factors to improve adherence and clinical outcomes. Full article

Endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) impose substantial economic burden in New Zealand, yet no national cost-of-illness (COI) model currently exists. This study provides the first nationwide estimate using a modified World-Endometriosis-Research-Foundation (WERF) EndoCost protocol incorporating direct healthcare, productivity, and carer costs. An attribution correction model was applied to account for diagnostic overlap, assigning 43.4% of CPP cases to endometriosis. Attribution-adjusted annual per capita costs were INT 97,497 (NZD 174,130) for endometriosis and INT 33,262 (NZD 59,406) for CPP. Macroeconomic costs ranged from INT 12.7B to 17.7B (NZD 22.6B–31.7B) per annum, depending on prevalence. Productivity losses were the primary cost driver, accounting for 65% of endometriosis and 75% of CPP cost. The unattributed lifetime burden was INT 1.96M (NZD 3.50M) per person for endometriosis and INT 1.54M (NZD 2.74M) per person with CPP. This reflects total economic burden over a 34.5-year working lifespan, adjusted for labor-force participation. Diagnostic delays and health system inefficiencies such as poor healthcare access and suboptimal symptom management are likely to be the most significant modifiable contributor to this burden. Addressing this will require investment in healthcare provision and symptom management alongside equitable access to fertility care. Full article

Widespread and simple detection of diseases and disfunctions in the body is crucial for reliable and prompt diagnostics, efficient use of healthcare resources, and improved quality of life. The presence of a large number of metabolic products in saliva, the relationship between their levels in saliva and blood, the diagnostic value of many of these compounds, and the advantages of noninvasive sampling drive interest in oral fluid as a biomatrix. This review summarizes established oral fluid biomarkers, as well as potential salivary indicators for remote health monitoring and noninvasive point-of-care diagnostics. Recent advances in the search for new solutions for sensitive and high-throughput immunodetection of biomarkers in oral fluid are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming the analytical and technical challenges associated with the salivary matrix testing. Another focus of the current review is optical and electrochemical immunosensors with an emphasis on lateral flow immunoassays for point-of-care testing due to their speed, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Finally, future directions are discussed that may enable non-invasive monitoring of endocrine, infectious, immune, neurodegenerative diseases and other human conditions using immunoassay platforms, paving the way for personalized and accessible healthcare. Full article

Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antimicrobial agent found in personal care products and household cleaners. While valued since the 1960s for its ability to inhibit bacterial fatty acid synthesis, its environmental persistence, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulative potential have raised significant global concern. The increased use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated its prevalence as an aquatic pollutant. In the environment, TCS is distributed through water bodies and sediments, undergoing processes such as biodegradation and photochemical degradation. Its bioaccumulation poses a substantial threat to aquatic organisms, particularly fish. A growing body of research indicates that TCS acts as an endocrine disruptor and developmental toxicant, with documented adverse effects encompassing impaired embryonic and larval development, skeletal malformations, and induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, TCS exposure is linked to reproductive toxicity, including altered sex hormone levels and diminished reproductive capacity. This review consolidates current knowledge on the chemical properties, environmental fate, biodegradation pathways, and ecotoxicological impacts of TCS, with a specific emphasis on its multifaceted health risks to fish. The synthesis aims to provide a foundation for future research, inform environmental risk assessments, and support the development of evidence-based regulatory measures. Full article

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widespread organic compounds that interfere with hormone signaling and are linked to reproductive, developmental, cardiovascular, and cancer-related health effects. Key EDCs include bisphenol-A and its analogs, phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are commonly present in personal care products and plastics. Human exposure occurs via environmental exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, with persistent compounds such as PFAS accumulating in blood, while others are excreted in urine as free or conjugated metabolites. Accurate assessment of EDC exposure, particularly during pregnancy and early childhood, requires robust analytical methods. Liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS) are the most widely used techniques to date. LC-MS is favored for its sensitivity, specificity, and minimal sample preparation, whereas GC-MS provides adequate performance but often requires time-consuming derivatization. This review summarizes current LC-MS and GC-MS methodologies for multi-class EDC biomonitoring, emphasizing sample preparation, analyte coverage, and methodological strengths and limitations, providing a practical reference for human exposure studies using common biological matrices such as urine and blood. Full article

Although sewage sludge in agriculture can promote circular economy goals, concerns remain about the transfer of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into crops and soils. This study evaluated the uptake and risk of 27 CECs in tomatoes cultivated in peat substrate amended with stabilised anaerobically digested (dried) sludge from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant at two rates corresponding to nitrogen and nitrogen/potassium requirements. Peat substrate served as the control. Additional treatments included CEC-spiked media and peat amended with non-dried sludge. Analysis was performed with LC–MS/MS. In tomato fruits, ibuprofen (15.8 ng/g) and triclosan (17.9 ng/g) were quantified at the low amendment rate, while caffeine (381 ng/g), carbamazepine (18.1 ng/g), ciprofloxacin (306 ng/g) and ibuprofen (5.3 ng/g) were quantified at the high amendment rate. Dietary exposure estimates were below the health-based reference values for most compounds; however, a potential risk was identified for bisphenol S when non-dried anaerobically digested sludge was applied. Soil risk quotients (RQ > 1) for several CECs at the end of the experiment indicate possible ecological concern. These findings emphasise that monitoring CECs in sludge-amended soil remains essential to ensure the safety of sludge reuse in agriculture. Full article