Search Results (62)

Whether the New Energy Vehicle Promotion Policy (NEVPP) enhances supply chain resilience is pivotal to China’s green transition and global industrial security. Using data on A-share listed automobile manufacturers from 2012 to 2024, this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences approach to identify the policy’s impact. Results show that NEVPP significantly strengthens supply chain resilience, and the findings remain robust across alternative specifications. Mechanism analysis reveals that the policy raises managerial attention, eases financing constraints, and stimulates technological innovation, thereby enhancing resilience through managerial, financial, and technological channels. Heterogeneity analysis by ownership, geography, R&D intensity, analyst coverage, and institutional ownership shows that the effect is stronger for state-owned enterprises, firms in central and western regions, low-R&D firms, those without analyst coverage, those with high analyst attention, and firms with low institutional ownership. This study provides firm-level evidence on the economic consequences of NEVPP, advances understanding of industrial policy and corporate resilience, and offers policy implications for supporting the global energy transition and safeguarding supply chain stability. Full article

The advancement of Automotive Industry 4.0 has promoted the development of Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) communication, which marks the new era for intelligent, connected and automated transportation. Despite the benefits of this metamorphosis in terms of effectiveness and convenience, new obstacles to safety, inter-connectivity, and cybersecurity emerge. The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is one prominent feature that senses tire pressure, which is closely related to vehicle stability, braking performance and fuel efficiency. However, the majority of TPMSs currently in use are based on the use of insecure and proprietary wireless communication links that can be breached by attackers so as to interfere with not only tire pressure readings but also sensor data manipulation. For this purpose, we design a secure TPMS architecture suitable for real-time IoV sensing. The framework is experimentally implemented using a Raspberry Pi 3B+ (Raspberry Pi Ltd., Cambridge, UK) as an independent autonomous control unit (ACU), interfaced with vehicular pressure sensors and a LoRa SX1278 (Semtech Corporation, Camarillo, CA, USA) module to support low-power, long-range communication. The gathered sensor data are encrypted, their integrity checked, source authenticated by lightweight cryptographic algorithms and sent to a secure server locally. To validate this approach, we show a three-node exhibition where Node A (raw data and tampered copy), B (unprotected copy) and C (secure auditor equipped with alerting of tampering and weekly rotation of the ID) realize detection of physical level threats at top speeds. The validated datasets are further enriched in a MATLAB R2024a simulator by replicating the data of one vehicle by 100 virtual vehicles communicating using over 5G, LoRaWAN and LoRa P2P as communication protocols under urban, rural and hill-station scenarios. The presented statistics show that, despite 5G ultra-low latency, LoRa P2P consistently provides better reliability and energy efficiency and is more resistant to attacks in the presence of various terrains. Considering the lack of private vehicular 5G infrastructure and the regulatory restrictions, this work simulated and evaluated the performance of 5G communication, while LoRa-based communication was experimentally validated with a hardware prototype. The results underline the trade-offs among LoRa P2P and an infrastructure-based uplink 5G mode, when under some specific simulation conditions, as opposed to claiming superiority over all 5G modes. In conclusion, the presented Raspberry Pi–MATLAB hybrid solution proves to be an effective and scalable approach to secure TPMS in IoV settings, intersecting real-world sensing with large-scale network simulation, thus enabling safer and smarter next-generation vehicular systems. Full article

The echelon utilization of electric vehicle batteries is regarded as an effective method for treating waste batteries, enabling the recycling and reuse of retired electric vehicle batteries. However, the efficiency of battery disassembly is a crucial factor that impacts the potential for battery recycling. When manufacturers take disassembly efficiency into account during the design phase of new electric vehicle batteries, they can significantly reduce disassembly costs at the time of decommissioning. This, in turn, incentivizes recycling and echelon utilization of waste batteries. Our research aims to promote the echelon use of waste batteries and analyze how market competition intensity and profits from battery echelon utilization influence decision-making within the battery recycling supply chain. This paper explores the effect of market competition on battery recycling and echelon utilization, while developing a supply chain model that includes a battery manufacturer responsible for determining the level of battery disassembly design and recycling waste batteries from the market, as well as a new energy vehicle manufacturer that focuses solely on recycling waste batteries. The findings indicate that as market competition increases, the battery manufacturer tends to lower both the level of battery disassembly design and the recycling price for waste batteries. Additionally, the recycling price for waste batteries offered by new energy vehicle manufacturers is also influenced by the intensity of market competition. In scenarios with low competition intensity, the recycling price tends to rise as competition intensifies. Conversely, in highly competitive markets, the recycling price decreases with increased competition. Furthermore, the overall volume of battery recycling is impacted by the intensity of market competition; in highly competitive markets, waste battery recycling is hindered. To enhance the echelon utilization of battery recycling, relevant government agencies should strive to maintain market competition at lower levels while also encouraging the recycling of batteries that do not meet usage standards. This dual approach will improve the benefits associated with the echelon utilization of waste batteries, thereby fostering greater enthusiasm for recycling among the involved enterprises. Full article

The transformation of the transportation sector is critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). As the world’s largest auto market, China has implemented various policies to promote sustainable transportation, particularly through the adoption of new energy vehicles (NEVs), thereby increasing the share of renewables in energy consumption and improving energy efficiency. Among these policies, the NEV driving restrictions exemption (NEV-DRE) policy has emerged as a key non-financial incentive to stimulate NEV demand. This study focuses on how the NEV-DRE policy affects the demand side of NEVs in the transportation sector. Employing a difference-in-differences design on a comprehensive dataset of vehicle transactions across 82 prefecture-level pilot cities from 2011 to 2019, this study provides robust causal evidence that the NEV-DRE policy significantly increases NEV sales. Furthermore, this study finds that this growth in demand is primarily driven by an increased consumer preference for domestic pure electric sedans. The policy proves more effective in cities with general driving restrictions, purchasing restrictions, and greater environmental awareness. Our findings demonstrate how innovative traffic management measures can be transformed into effective industrial policy tools, accelerating the adoption of renewable energy in the transportation sector. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers in China and elsewhere on how to design non-financial incentives to promote sustainable transportation, thereby promoting sustainable energy transitions and contributing to the achievement of SDG 7. Full article

Despite China’s success in its new energy vehicle (NEV) transition, significant regional imbalances persist, raising the question of why provincial policy effectiveness is so context-dependent. To investigate this, this study develops a novel framework to measure policy “quality” and “style”, systematically quantifying 2455 provincial policy documents from 2013 to 2023. Our empirical analysis reveals that policy quality—encompassing its authoritativeness, instrument strength, and resource commitment—is a far more decisive determinant of effectiveness than sheer policy quantity. We identify three primary policy styles with distinct impacts: substantive-driving policies are crucial for stimulating market demand, whereas coordinative-programmatic policies are more effective in guiding industrial supply, revealing a significant goal-mismatch. Conversely, high-level authoritative policies can unexpectedly inhibit infrastructure development. Crucially, the study finds that provincial policies act more as “catalysts” than “creators”, their effectiveness being highly contingent on local economic, fiscal, and industrial fundamentals. The findings of this research offer direct implications for policymaking: decision-makers should shift their focus from pursuing policy quantity to enhancing policy quality and design targeted, “precision-irrigation” policy instrument portfolios tailored to the specific contexts and development objectives (e.g., promoting sales or guiding production) of different regions. Full article

Against the backdrop of intensified governance of territorial spatial planning, investigating carbon emissions from the perspective of territorial spatial planning for transport-land use integration holds significant academic and practical value. Taking Cangnan County as the case study, this research first dissects the reciprocal feedback mechanism between regional transport and land use at the territorial spatial planning level, while exploring transport-influencing factors. Subsequently, it constructs an integrated reciprocal feedback system for regional transport and land use by integrating accessibility drivers, cost matrices, and neighborhood weights through land use simulation–prediction models and the four-stage transport model. Finally, based on critical land use factors, diverse development scenarios under this integrated system are formulated; carbon emissions from transport and land use under each scenario are quantified; and their interrelationships are analyzed across multiple dimensions to explore the nexus of carbon emissions in transport–land use integration. Results indicate the following: (1) Integrated feedback enhances model accuracy (Kappa: 0.795→0.893; overall accuracy: 0.893→0.915), facilitating more precise land use simulation. (2) The county’s core construction area demonstrates the highest carbon emissions across all scenarios, meriting prioritized attention. (3) As deduced from the analysis of territorial spatial land use patterns, the significantly higher transport carbon emissions under the ecological protection priority scenario, compared to other scenarios, originate from over-concentrated construction land and imbalanced planning of carbon source land. These findings offer insights for regional planning; policy recommendations for Cangnan County include expanding carbon sink land, scientifically planning carbon source land, optimizing transport structures, and promoting new energy vehicles to advance carbon emission reduction and sustainable development. Full article

Despite extensive research on green consumption, consumer purchase intentions for bamboo products under China’s “replacing plastic with bamboo” policy remain underexplored, given growing plastic pollution concerns. Research remains focused on established green products (e.g., green agriculture, energy-efficient appliances, new energy vehicles), overlooking consumer behavior and cognition toward emerging bamboo alternatives. This study employs eye-tracking technology to examine purchase intentions and visual attention allocation mechanisms for bamboo versus plastic products, analyzing the role of green consumption values (GCVs). Using a 2 (material: bamboo/plastic) × 2 (GCVs: high/low) mixed design, we recorded fixation duration, fixation count, and heatmaps from 70 participants. Behavioral results revealed significantly higher purchase intention for bamboo products, particularly among high-GCV consumers. Eye-tracking data showed greater visual attention (fixation duration/count) to bamboo products, with high-GCV participants exhibiting significantly stronger attentional bias toward bamboo. Findings demonstrate that bamboo’s eco-friendly attributes enhance both purchase intention and visual attention allocation, validating material salience in green decision-making. High GCVs strengthen automatic attentional bias toward sustainable materials, reinforcing purchase inclinations. This research provides empirical support for VBN theory at the cognitive level and offers policy-relevant insights for promoting “Bamboo Instead of Plastic” initiatives. Full article

Exploring the regional disparities in and spatiotemporal evolution of the new energy vehicle promotion level (NEVPL) is essential for facilitating low-carbon and environmentally sustainable development. This study employs a multidimensional index system to assess the NEVPL across 31 Chinese provinces from 2017 to 2023, utilizing data on NEV ownership, annual NEV sales, the number of public charging piles, and the vehicle-to-pile ratio. The NEVPL scores were estimated using the Entropy-TOPSIS method. Spatial patterns and the mechanisms of regional disparities were examined using a suite of spatial analytical techniques, including the standard deviation ellipse (SDE), gravity center analysis, Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition, and kernel density estimation. The results reveal three principal findings. First, NEVPL exhibited a sustained upward trend nationwide. The eastern region consistently maintained a leading position, the central and western regions demonstrated steady growth, and the northeastern region remained underdeveloped, leading to an expanding regional gap. Second, spatial distribution transitioned from an early dispersed pattern to a structure characterized by both agglomeration and differentiation. The promotional center gradually shifted toward the southeast, and high-value regions became increasingly isolated, forming island-like clusters. Third, spatial inequality was mainly driven by inter-regional differences, which contributed to over 70 percent of the total variance. The rising intra-regional disparity within the eastern region emerged as the predominant factor widening the national gap. These findings offer empirical evidence to support the refinement of new energy vehicle (NEV) policy frameworks and the promotion of balanced regional development. Full article

The green transformation of traditional energy structures and the development of the new energy industry are crucial drivers of sustainable development in the country. The ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (2016–2025; APAEC [2016–2025]), established in 2016, has significantly promoted the growth of the new energy sector and enhanced energy structures across Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This initiative has also inspired these countries to develop corresponding industrial policies aimed at supporting the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, resulting in significant growth in this sector within the ASEAN region. This paper analyzes the factors influencing the development of the NEV industry in the context of ASEAN’s new energy policies, drawing empirical insights from data collected across six ASEAN countries from 2013 to 2024. Following the implementation of the APAEC (2016–2025), it was observed that ASEAN countries reached a consensus on energy development and cooperation, collaboratively advancing the NEV industry through regional policies. Furthermore, factors such as national governance, financial development, education levels, and the size of the automotive market positively contribute to the growth of the NEV industry in ASEAN. Conversely, high energy consumption can hinder its progress. Additionally, further research indicates that the APAEC (2016–2025) has exerted a more pronounced impact on countries with robust automotive industry foundations or those prioritizing relevant policies. The findings of this paper offer valuable insights for ASEAN countries in the formulating policies for the NEV industry, optimizing energy structures, and achieving low-carbon energy transition and sustainable development. Full article

Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global climate change, the automotive industry, as a carbon-intensive sector, has found its low-carbon transformation crucial for achieving the “double carbon” goals. This paper constructs manufacturer decision-making models under an oligopolistic market scenario for the single dual-credit policy and the “dual-credit + carbon cap-and-trade” policy, revealing the nonlinear impacts of new energy vehicle (NEV) credit trading prices, carbon trading prices, and credit ratio requirements on manufacturers’ pricing, emission reduction effort levels, and profits. The results indicate the following: (1) Under the “carbon cap-and-trade + dual-credit” policy, manufacturers can balance emission reduction costs and NEV production via the carbon trading market to maximize profits, with lower emission reduction effort levels than under the single dual-credit policy. (2) A rise in credit trading prices prompts hybrid manufacturers (producing both fuel vehicles and NEVs) to increase NEV production and reduce fuel vehicle output; higher NEV credit ratio requirements raise fuel vehicle production costs and prices, suppressing consumer demand. (3) An increase in carbon trading prices raises production costs for both fuel vehicles and NEVs, leading to decreased market demand; hybrid manufacturers reduce emission reduction efforts, while others transfer costs through price hikes to boost profits. (4) Hybrid manufacturers face high carbon emission costs due to excessive actual fuel consumption, driving them to enhance emission reduction efforts and promote low-carbon technological innovation. Full article

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the echelon utilization of power batteries has become a key pathway to promoting efficient resource recycling and environmental sustainability. To address the limitation of the existing studies that overlook the dynamic strategic interactions among multiple stakeholders, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving the government, battery recycling enterprises, and consumers. By incorporating consumers’ battery usage levels into the strategy space, the model captures the behavioral evolution of all these parties under bounded rationality. Numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the impact of government incentives and penalties, consumer usage behaviors, and enterprise recycling modes on system stability. The results show that a “low-subsidy, high-penalty” mechanism can more effectively guide enterprises to prioritize echelon utilization and that moderate consumer usage significantly improves battery reuse efficiency. This study enriches the application of the evolutionary game theory in the field of battery recycling and provides quantitative evidence and practical insights for policy formulation. Full article

The new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has become one of the most important industries in China’s economic development. Based on the panel data of 27 provincial administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2022, combined with the random effect panel of the Tobit model and the Bootstrap method to test the multiple intermediary paths, this paper studies the impact of new energy vehicle promotion (NEVP) in China on regional green development, taking into account the intermediary effect and regional heterogeneity of NEVP on the green development level (GDL). The results show that NEVP significantly promotes the GDL. The mediating effect of NEVP to improve local-level green development through the digital economy level is significant in the eastern region, while in the central and western regions, it is not significant. NEVP can significantly promote the upgrading of regional industrial structure and the construction of transportation infrastructure in the eastern, central, and western regions so as to improve the local GDL. Full article

This study investigates whether government subsidies promote R&D cost stickiness in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry in China—that is, whether public funding encourages firms to retain R&D resources even during periods of declining sales. While prior literature primarily explores the relationship between subsidies and R&D investment levels, it often overlooks firms’ financial position and dynamic cost behaviors. Given that R&D investment has high adjustment costs and is sensitive to cash flows, reductions in R&D spending during downturns may reflect managerial cost asymmetry rather than a crowding-out effect of subsidies. Moreover, government subsidies may serve as a signal of long-term market optimism, motivating managers to retain R&D resources during economic downturns. Using a panel dataset of 573 listed new energy vehicle (NEV) firms in China’s A-share market from 2007 to 2021, we construct a model based on the asymmetric cost behavior framework to empirically assess the impact of government subsidies on R&D cost stickiness. The results show that government subsidies significantly increase the degree of R&D cost stickiness. Serving as a signal of future market optimism, subsidies raise managerial expectations and incentivize decisions to retain R&D-related costs during economic downturns. This positive relationship is more pronounced in firms with high levels of green innovation, large-scale enterprises, and non-state-owned firms. These findings suggest that public funding alleviates managerial pressure to cut R&D expenses amid revenue declines, thereby supporting firms’ long-term innovation strategies. Our study contributes to the cost management literature by highlighting a novel channel through which subsidies influence managerial discretion under uncertainty. It also provides policy implications for the future phase-out of subsidies, emphasizing the need for complementary market mechanisms to sustain innovation investment, particularly for small, young, and financially constrained firms. Full article

Heavy metal pollution refers to the presence of excessive levels of heavy metal elements in soil beyond their natural background concentrations, posing serious threats to human health and ecological systems. Several factors are involved in the contamination disparity in agriculture soils from various terrains, demanding extra care. An examination of the topographical HM dispersions in farmland soils from the Licheng District was conducted to reveal spatial changes in pollution levels and sources and to establish an empirical framework to develop targeted remediation strategies and promote sustainable land management practices. Cd and As had over-standard rates of more than 50% in the low-lying area, whereas the HMs in the high-lying area had over-standard rates of more than 50%. Also, the rates of HMs in high terrain were higher than in low terrain. Using the single-factor pollution index, only low-lying Cu, Ni, Pb, and Hg contamination levels were clean in low-lying and high-lying areas. The overall decline in HM pollution occurred from high to low terrain, triggered by soil physicochemical properties and human interventions. Meanwhile, strong anthropogenic influence fell in high terrain for pollution. Nevertheless, low levels of HM-integrated contamination prevailed in both topographies. Natural and anthropogenic processes gave rise to environmental pollution, such as soil formation, fertilization, metal smelting, and traffic emissions. Overall, the district held a low risk for HMs. The results highlight that strong anthropogenic interventions resulted in increased HM contamination, in addition to natural processes. It is possible to further reduce HM pollution and risk by promoting scientific agricultural techniques, new energy vehicles, and cleaner production. Full article

Assessing the urban green transportation development level (UGTDL) is of great significance for addressing traffic issues in megacities and promoting urban sustainable development. An evaluation framework for the UGTDL is proposed based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. Firstly, from both macro and micro perspectives, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system is constructed, covering multiple dimensions such as traffic spatial organization efficiency, green travel, new energy vehicle development, traffic safety, and the traffic environment. Secondly, to address the uncertainties and fuzziness in the evaluation process, the Probability Language Term Set (PLTS) is introduced to represent expert evaluation information, thereby reducing the information loss. Thirdly, the improved Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method is employed to calculate the weights of the indicators, improving the computational efficiency. Finally, the extended Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) method is used to calculate the UGTDL, avoiding the compensatory issues in the traditional decision-making methods. The proposed approach is applied to assess the UGTDL in Guangzhou from 2020 to 2023. The results show that the UGTDL scores for Guangzhou from 2020 to 2023 are 1.6367, 2.2325, 2.1141, and 1.8575, respectively. Sensitivity analysis verifies the effectiveness and stability of the approach. Further obstacle analysis shows that the promotion of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has led to a marginal decrease in the utility of Guangzhou’s UGTDL. In the future, Guangzhou should take further measures to improve the traffic space organization efficiency and traffic safety. Full article