Search Results (245)

This study examined Greek fathers’ involvement with their preschool-aged children from both fathers’ and mothers’ perspectives, focusing on how ontogenic, microsystemic, and mesosystemic factors are associated with paternal engagement within Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological framework. Participants included 106 mother–father pairs with children aged approximately 38 months. Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires assessing beliefs about the father’s role, the frequency and quality of father involvement, parenting style, meta-parenting cognitions, and co-parenting quality. Overall, both parents reported relatively high levels of paternal involvement across the different measures. Mothers tended to assign slightly higher ratings than fathers on the overall Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) and several of its dimensions; however, statistically significant differences were limited, with attentiveness being the only IFI subscale showing a significant difference between parental reports. Mothers also reported more authoritative parenting and higher levels of meta-parenting, whereas fathers reported slightly higher coparenting quality. Correlational analyses indicated that authoritative parenting, coparenting quality, and parents’ perceptions of the father’s role were associated with different dimensions of father involvement, while demographic characteristics showed more selective associations. The findings support the conceptualization of father involvement as a multidimensional construct shaped by ontogenic, microsystemic, and mesosystemic factors. They also highlight the value of obtaining information from both mothers and fathers when assessing paternal involvement, as each parent provides complementary perspectives on family functioning. These findings have implications for research, policy, and practice by supporting interventions and family policies that promote positive coparenting, shared caregiving responsibilities, and fathers’ active participation in early childhood. Full article

Background/Objectives: Multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) are highly prevalent among older adults and require effective collaboration between the patient and caregiver. Mutuality, reflecting the quality of the dyadic relationship, is associated with better self-care and health outcomes. However, the Mutuality Scale (MS) has not been validated on patient–caregiver dyads managing MCCs living in a low–middle-income country (LMIC). Aim: This study seeks to evaluate the structural and convergent validity and reliability of the MS among patient–caregiver dyads managing MCCs living in a LMIC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on MCC patients and their caregiver recruited from community and outpatient settings. The MS, Self-care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC-CII) and Caregiver Contribution to self-care Inventory (CC-SCCII) were used for measuring mutuality, patient self-care, and Caregiver Contribution (CC) to patient self-care, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed separately for patients and caregivers to evaluate the original four-factor structure of the MS. Convergent validity was examined through correlations with self-care and CC to patient self-care. Reliability was evaluated using composite reliability and the Global Reliability Index for multidimensional scale. Results: A sample of 406 patient–caregiver dyads was examined. Patients had a mean age of 73.9 (±6.2) years. Caregivers had a mean age of 47.8 (±15.5) years. The four-factor structure was supported in both samples, with acceptable model fit (patients: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.953 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.078; caregiver CFI = 0.945 and RMSEA = 0.085. The second-order CFA supported a hierarchical structure. Patient and caregiver mutuality scores were strongly correlated (r = 0.778, p < 0.01). Higher mutuality was associated with better patient self-care (r = 0.276–0.479) and CC to self-care (r = 0.174–0.556). Reliability indices ranged from 0.70 to 0.91 for patients and 0.66 to 0.89 for caregivers. Conclusions: The findings support the validity and reliability of the MS for assessing mutuality in patients and their caregivers managing MCCs in an LMIC characterized by limited healthcare resources and formal support. Its use provides empirical support for assessing relationship quality and facilitating dyadic care within this vulnerable population. Future longitudinal studies should evaluate its predictive validity, responsiveness, and measurement invariance across different groups and between patient and caregiver. Full article

Introduction: Sexual consent is a multidimensional construct involving both internal willingness and external communication, yet validated French-language instruments assessing these dimensions remain scarce. Objective: This study aimed to validate French versions of the Internal and External Consent Scales (IECS-FV) and examine their associations with sociodemographic and intimate relationship variables. Methods: A sample of 649 French-speaking emerging adults (18–25 years) completed translated versions of the Internal Consent Scale (ICS-FV) and External Consent Scale (ECS-FV), alongside measures of sociodemographic characteristics and intimate relationship factors. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), gender invariance testing, reliability analyses, ANOVAs, and correlational analyses were conducted. Results: The revised ICS-FV demonstrated excellent psychometric properties with a 19-item four-factor structure: physical response/arousal, agreement/wantedness, safety/comfort, and readiness. The ECS-FV showed satisfactory psychometric properties with a refined 15-item five-factor structure: non-verbal behavior, passive behavior, communicative/initiator behavior, borderline pressure, and non-response signals. Almost all factors demonstrated good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.70). Gender invariance was supported for the ECS-FV but not for the ICS-FV. Positive internal and external consent dimensions were significantly associated with higher sexual satisfaction, romantic relationship satisfaction, sexual frequency, and relationship commitment; whereas non-response and passive behaviors were linked to less favorable outcomes. Conclusions: The French versions of the IECS-FV are reliable and valid tools for assessing multidimensional sexual consent in French-speaking emerging adults. These instruments offer valuable resources for research, prevention, and clinical interventions targeting sexual health, relational functioning, and sexual violence prevention. Full article

Climate change poses significant challenges to agricultural production, water availability, and food and nutrition security, particularly in semi-arid regions where rural livelihoods depend heavily on rain-fed agriculture. In Eswatini, increasing temperatures, erratic rainfall, and recurrent droughts have intensified pressures on smallholder farming systems; however, limited empirical research has examined how climate variability simultaneously affects agriculture, water resources, and household food security within an integrated food–water–nutrition nexus framework. Therefore, this study assessed the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, water availability, food security, and access to nutritious food among smallholder households in the Lubombo Region of Eswatini. A concurrent triangulated mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from 880 households with qualitative insights from open-ended responses. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, binary logistic regression, and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that climate change significantly affects both agricultural and water systems, which in turn directly influence household food security outcomes. The majority of households reported declining crop yields (56.5%), widespread food shortages (79.5%), meal skipping (69.0%), and high levels of food-related anxiety (87.6%). Water insecurity is also prevalent, with over 83% of households experiencing water shortages and nearly all respondents indicating that climate change has affected water access. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrate that drought frequency and reduced rainfall are the strongest predictors of both water insecurity and food insecurity, highlighting the central role of climate variability. Water scarcity emerged as a critical pathway linking climate change to food insecurity, with strong associations between water shortages and reduced crop yields, food shortages, and coping strategies such as skipping meals. Qualitative findings further highlighted declining agricultural productivity, loss of traditional foods, reduced dietary diversity, and increased psychological stress associated with food insecurity. The study concludes that food insecurity in the Lubombo region is multidimensional, driven by the interconnected effects of climate variability, water scarcity, and socio-economic constraints. The findings emphasise the need for integrated, climate-resilient strategies that simultaneously address agricultural production, water resource management, and household adaptive capacity to enhance food and nutrition security. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of nexus-based adaptation strategies and climate-smart interventions in enhancing long-term food, water, and nutrition security in vulnerable smallholder farming systems. Full article

Flexible pressure sensors serve as core sensing components for wearable health monitoring systems, electronic skins for soft robots, and flexible human–machine interaction devices. Benefiting from the interfacial electric double-layer polarization effect, iontronic sensing delivers far higher pressure response sensitivity than conventional parallel-plate capacitive sensors, endowing it with distinctive advantages in the detection of weak physiological signals. Nevertheless, current dense ionic thin-film dielectric layers suffer from limited deformation space under compression and poor low-pressure sensing capability. Mainstream high-precision micropillar arrays are fabricated via photolithography, 3D printing, and metal etching molds, which require costly equipment and complicated fabrication procedures, making large-area mass production unfeasible. Random frosted concave-convex microstructures feature disordered dimensions, leading to severe device hysteresis and narrow linear ranges, which fail to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity alongside a wide pressure detection range simultaneously. To address the aforementioned multiple bottlenecks, this paper proposes a low-cost resin template replication process to fabricate TPU-based ionic thin-film dielectric layers with ordered micropillar array microstructures. Combined with inkjet-printed silver conductive PI flexible electrodes, an iontronic flexible pressure sensor with a sandwich layered structure is constructed. Multi-dimensional investigations including microscopic morphology characterization, electromechanical sensing performance calibration, and human wearable application tests are systematically implemented to thoroughly elucidate the synergistic enhancement mechanism of the arrayed micropillars. Test results demonstrate that the effective pressure detection range of the sensor spans 0–1038 kPa, accommodating ultra-low pressures such as pulse signals as well as medium-to-high-pressure loads including joint bending. The sensitivity reaches 23.27 kPa⁻¹ within the low-pressure range of 0–200 kPa and remains stable at 3.52 kPa⁻¹ in the high-pressure range of 200–1038 kPa, with piecewise linear fitting correlation coefficients of 0.93 and 0.96 respectively. Both the response time and recovery time of the device are 40 ms, and the hysteresis error throughout the loading-unloading cycle is merely 2.62%. After 20,000 consecutive cyclic loading-unloading tests, the peak capacitance output only decays by 5.1%, verifying outstanding mechanical fatigue resistance and electrical stability. Validations in multi-scenario applications prove that the sensor can accurately capture human physiological and motion signals including radial artery pulses, laryngeal deformation induced by multi-syllable vocalization, and multi-angle bending of fingers and elbow joints, suitable for home-based health monitoring, quantitative rehabilitation training, flexible tactile interaction and other scenarios. The entire fabrication process eliminates high-precision micro-nano processing equipment such as photolithography systems, plasma etchers and 3D printers; only general chemical raw materials and conventional laboratory instruments are adopted. The reusable templates enable low manufacturing costs and large-area coating forming, offering a novel low-cost technical solution for the engineering implementation and industrialization of high-performance iontronic flexible pressure sensors. Full article

Heavy and extra-heavy oils represent a large and growing share of recoverable hydrocarbon resources, yet their extreme viscosity, high heteroatom content, and non-Newtonian behavior routinely defeat empirical correlations developed for conventional crude. Machine learning has emerged as a candidate response to this modeling gap, but existing reviews largely catalog applications without asking whether the technology is actually ready for industrial deployment. This critical review synthesizes machine learning applications across five thematic domains of the heavy-oil value chain: physicochemical property prediction, enhanced oil recovery, flow assurance, reactive recovery, and downstream upgrading. Studies are read through a three-phase historical lens, tracing the field’s progression from empirical-correlation replacement to methodological diversification to physics-informed and closed-loop integration, and evaluated against a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) scale adapted specifically for heavy-oil machine learning. The multilayer perceptron anchors more of the primary corpus than any other architecture, a pattern that, in our interpretation, reflects small-sample, low-dimensional regression needs rather than any demonstrated advantage over other architectures. Enhanced oil recovery is the only cluster to reach organizational-scale deployment, anchored by a single multi-decade operator program, Chevron’s San Joaquin Valley i-field; the remaining clusters are constrained less by modeling sophistication than by single-basin datasets and undisclosed uncertainty. Measured against three falsifiable deployability criteria, fidelity preservation below 10° API, operator-grade interpretability, and demonstrated laboratory-to-field transferability, no study in the reviewed corpus is documented to satisfy all three simultaneously; because industrial implementations are frequently proprietary, this is a statement about the published record identified by this search, not a claim that the capability does not exist. Federated learning, physics-informed architectures, and sequence-aware models emerge as the directions most likely to close this gap. Full article

This study investigates pre-seismic ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) disturbances preceding the Mw 6.9 Northern Aegean Sea earthquake of 24 May 2014 using observations from 13 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations. A pronounced negative TEC disturbance was identified on 22 May 2014, approximately two days before the earthquake, under comparatively quiet solar and geomagnetic conditions. Station-wise Z-score analysis, which expresses the TEC departure from the reference mean in units of standard deviation, revealed significant negative deviations across the network, while inter-station correlations indicated a temporally coherent but spatially heterogeneous ionospheric response. To characterize the disturbance beyond peak-based measures, the TEC Anomaly Significance Index (TASI) was developed by integrating the mean absolute Z-score, coefficient of variation, and Shannon entropy. TASI showed strong agreement with the maximum absolute Z-score ranking (Spearman’s $\rho =0.89$, $p<0.001$) while providing greater sensitivity to cumulative and persistent anomaly behaviour. It exhibited stronger associations than maximum $\mid Z\mid$ for six of the seven evaluated temporal descriptors, particularly those representing anomaly duration and consecutive persistence. Among the analyzed GNSS stations, KASI recorded the highest TASI despite not being the nearest station to the epicenter, indicating that anomaly significance was not governed solely by epicentral distance. The proposed framework provides a multidimensional, network-based approach for characterizing potential pre-seismic ionospheric disturbances and establishes a basis for future multi-event and control-period validation. Full article

Objective: Depressive symptoms exist on a continuum in the general population, yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, particularly the interplay between resting-state networks and task-evoked social cognitive responses, remain elusive. Methods: Leveraging the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, we included 867 participants. With depression scores as the independent variable and age/sex as covariates, we systematically examined associations with sleep quality, negative emotions, sensory scores, gray matter volume (GMV), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), multi-seed resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), as well as brain activation and behavioral performance during working memory, emotion recognition, social cognition, relational reasoning, language comprehension, and gambling tasks. The statistical threshold was set at voxel-level p < 0.001 (uncorrected) combined with cluster-level FWE correction at p < 0.05. Results: (1) Depression scores were positively correlated with sleep disturbances, negative emotions (anger/fear), and pain. (2) In resting-state, depression scores negatively correlated with ventral striatum (VS)–cerebellum/parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform rsFC, yet positively correlated with pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (preACC)–supplementary motor area (SMA) rsFC. (3) In task-fMRI, only the social task showed a positive association with task accuracy and regional activation in bilateral pre/postcentral gyri, superior temporal gyri, left middle frontal gyrus, and SMA/paracentral lobule. Conclusions: Elevated depression scores are linked to a pattern that may reflect relative decoupling between reward and perceptual systems, along with enhanced connectivity in cognitive control circuits. Socially, high scorers exhibit a pattern suggestive of compensatory hypervigilance, accompanied by enhanced behavioral performance. This study provides multidimensional evidence for the dimensional neural representation of depressive symptoms. Full article

Background/Objectives: Highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy has changed cystic fibrosis (CF) care, but Romanian patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data remain limited. This national cross-sectional mixed-methods survey aimed to describe patient- and parent-reported HRQoL in Romanian people with CF (pwCF) aged ≥6 years using age-appropriate Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) versions, with the respiratory domain as the primary outcome. Methods: The online survey was conducted between February and April 2026. Respondents provided demographic and clinical data, including genotype/F508del status, CFTR modulator status, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV₁) category, weight, height, and IV antibiotic-treated pulmonary exacerbations in the previous year. CFQ-R scores were summarized descriptively, and exploratory unadjusted associations were assessed using Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman correlations. Open-ended responses were analyzed descriptively. Results: Of 67 responses, 61 were included: 43 participants aged 6–13 years and 18 aged ≥14 years. Most respondents were currently receiving CFTR modulators (52/61, 85.2%), predominantly elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor. Mean CFQ-R Respiratory scores were 74.5 ± 23.1 in parent-proxy questionnaires for children aged 6–13 years, 83.3 ± 11.8 in self-reported questionnaires for children aged 12–13 years, and 69.8 ± 27.4 among respondents aged ≥14 years. Respiratory scores were higher among currently treated respondents and those with at least one F508del variant, and lower among those reporting IV antibiotic-treated exacerbations. Treatment burden remained among the lower-scoring domains. Qualitative responses described perceived respiratory, nutritional, and functional improvements, alongside residual treatment burden, psychosocial challenges, and access-related expectations. Conclusions: This national Romanian mixed-methods survey provides descriptive, exploratory CFQ-R-based HRQoL data in the CFTR modulator era. The findings suggest more favorable respiratory HRQoL among currently treated respondents, while supporting continued multidimensional patient-reported outcome monitoring in Romanian CF care. Full article

Background/Objectives: Current menopause assessment instruments primarily evaluate vasomotor, somatic, and urogenital symptoms, with limited attention to oral, sensory, and integrated psychological domains. Evidence that oral tissues are estrogen-responsive suggests that oral symptoms may represent an important but underrecognized component of menopausal burden. This study aimed to develop and provide initial psychometric validation of the Multidimensional Menopausal Burden Questionnaire (MMBQ-44), a 44-item instrument integrating systemic, oral, and psychological symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in 308 women aged 45–65 years (perimenopausal n = 66, menopausal n = 40, postmenopausal n = 202). The MMBQ-44 combined items from the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), Xerostomia Inventory (XI), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), and psychological measures derived from the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and HADS. Instrument development included expert review, cognitive interviewing, and field testing. Psychometric evaluation assessed item performance, internal consistency, factor structure, discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Exploratory factor analysis used principal axis factoring with promax rotation, with factor retention determined by parallel analysis. Results: Internal consistency was good to excellent across domains (Cronbach’s α: 0.813–0.941; McDonald’s ω: 0.864–0.953). All corrected item–total correlations exceeded 0.30. The questionnaire showed strong factorability (KMO = 0.931; Bartlett’s χ² = 9006.2, p < 0.001). Parallel analysis identified four factors explaining 48.6% of total variance. Psychological and OHIP domains emerged clearly, whereas several MRS and XI items cross-loaded onto related factors. Most HTMT ratios were below 0.85, supporting discriminant validity. Floor effects were observed for OHIP (37.0%) and XI (23.4%). Known-groups validity was modest, with OHIP scores differing significantly across menopausal stages. Conclusions: The MMBQ-44 demonstrates strong reliability and acceptable construct validity as an integrative screening instrument for menopausal burden. Further confirmatory studies and refinement of oral symptom items are warranted. Full article

Addressing the challenges in quantitative characterization of post-fracture fracture geometry in unconventional reservoirs such as tight gas and shale, for which existing prediction methods provide only limited accuracy, this study proposes an intelligent inversion method for fracture morphology by integrating G-function post-fracture diagnosis with a CNN-LSTM network. The number of branch fractures determined from G-function analysis of pressure decline curves is employed as a hard constraint. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is adopted to generate multi-dimensional fracture geometry samples, and a CNN-LSTM model is constructed to establish the nonlinear mapping from fracture morphology to production response, thereby forming a sample database that correlates production with fracture geometry. Leveraging this database, intelligent inversion of post-fracture fracture geometry can be efficiently realized. Field validation demonstrates that the inverted fracture half-length deviates by less than 3% from microseismic monitoring results, while the production prediction error remains below 6%, significantly outperforming the 10% tolerance threshold commonly accepted in field engineering. The proposed method requires only single-well pressure decline curves and production data to accomplish post-fracture fracture geometry evaluation, exhibiting broad application prospects. Full article

This study examined the relationship between loneliness and sleep disturbances and explored the roles of community resilience and psychosocial factors (social support, anxiety, and substance use coping) in shaping this relationship. A spatially stratified random sampling approach was applied to select households between Interstate 10 and the Gulf of Mexico coastline across three Mississippi counties: Hancock, Harrison, and Jackson. Amos version 30 was used to analyze the proposed structural equation model (SEM) based on responses from 310 participants (mean age = 50.47 years, SD = 17.57; 53.3% female). Data were collected using validated self-report instruments, including the Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit (CART), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale, the GAD-2, and the Brief COPE. Results revealed that initially, a significant association was observed between loneliness and sleep disturbances. However, this direct association was non-significant upon the inclusion of anxiety and substance use coping, showing instead a statistically significant indirect association operating through anxiety symptoms. Higher levels of loneliness were associated with increased anxiety symptoms, which in turn were associated with higher sleep disturbances. No indirect relationship between loneliness and sleep disturbances through substance use coping was found. The results also found that higher levels of community resilience and social support were associated with lower levels of loneliness. These findings highlight the need for multilevel strategies to improve sleep quality, which creates a nested system in which community strengths and individual support systems are jointly positioned as upstream correlates of lower individual isolation. Full article

Background/Objectives: Filipino Americans are one of the least likely Asian American subgroups to use formal mental health services, even when mental health needs are present. This study used the Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) framework to examine mental health symptomatology, perceived social support, help-seeking intentions, and perceived barriers to mental health treatment among Filipino American older adults residing in the United States. Methods: We used a cross-sectional descriptive correlational design. A sample of 100 Filipino American older adults completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, an 8-item subset of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Mental Health Seeking Intention Scale, and the Perceived Barriers to Psychological Treatment scale. We performed descriptive statistics and correlation analyses using Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Results: Participants experienced low levels of depressive symptoms (M = 2.73, SD = 4.80) and anxiety symptoms (M = 2.56, SD = 4.11), high perceived social support (M = 5.32, SD = 1.83), moderate help-seeking intentions (M = 4.90, SD = 2.18), low overall perceived barriers to care (M = 1.67, SD = 0.90), and nearly universal health insurance coverage. Of the barrier domains, stigma/interpersonal barriers had the highest mean scores. Greater depressive and anxiety symptom severity was associated with higher overall perceived barriers to mental health care (r = 0.45–0.47) and with higher structural, motivational, and stigma/interpersonal barriers (r = 0.41–0.46). Conclusions: Despite high healthcare access and strong perceived social support, Filipino American older adults expressed only moderate intentions to seek professional mental health care. Culturally mediated factors may shape mental health help-seeking beyond structural barriers to access. The COM-B framework offers a useful lens for understanding help-seeking behavior and guiding culturally responsive interventions with Filipino American older adults. Full article

Accurate classification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is important for environmental monitoring and industrial safety via electronic nose (E-nose) systems. However, extracting discriminative features from dynamic one-dimensional sensor responses remains challenging, especially when the recognition model is expected to maintain low computational complexity. This study introduces MSD-GasNet, a lightweight multi-scale depthwise convolutional network combined with Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF) encoding, for VOC classification using E-nose response signals. The gas-sensing response curves are first transformed into two-dimensional GASF images to preserve temporal correlation information and provide structured inputs for convolutional feature learning. MSD-GasNet further adopts parallel 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 depthwise convolutional branches with feature fusion to capture local response details and broader morphology-related patterns while reducing parameter redundancy. Evaluated on Dataset 1, which contains five representative VOC categories including 1-butanol, acetone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, and dimethylbenzene, MSD-GasNet achieves an accuracy of 96.80 ± 0.78%, with 796.6 K parameters and 2.54 ms inference time per sample. Compared with traditional machine learning classifiers, conventional CNN baselines, recent lightweight networks, and a single-scale ablation model, MSD-GasNet shows better classification performance under the current five-class setting. An additional independent validation on Dataset 2 achieves an accuracy of 95.12 ± 1.11% under a chronological train/test split, further supporting the generalization potential of the proposed method. This work provides a GASF-based lightweight multi-scale framework with potential for efficient VOC recognition in portable or resource-limited E-nose applications. Full article

Camellia oleifera is a significant woody oil tree species native solely to China. The bud–seedling grafting technique has been widely applied to this tree due to its significant advantages in improving propagation efficiency and shortening the growth cycle. However, the healing process and its underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms during interspecific heterografting in Camellia remain poorly understood. In this study, we established both homografting and heterografting systems using C. oleifera bud seedlings as rootstocks, grafted with scions from C. oleifera, C. meiocarpa, and C. weiningensis. We systematically investigated the response patterns and differences in metabolites and gene expression before and after grafting healing through endogenous hormone detection, LC-MS untargeted metabolomics, and transcriptomic sequencing. The results showed that the grafting survival rates between C. oleifera and the other species were high (>88%), indicating strong compatibility. Metabolomic analysis revealed that differential metabolites, such as Gibberellin A53, Sophoramine, and Morellin, accumulated significantly with prolonged grafting time, and interspecific grafting combinations exhibited specific highly expressed metabolite profiles. We integrated multi-dimensional data comprising hormone levels, differential metabolites, and DEGs. A “hormone-gene” interaction network was constructed using WGCNA. The analysis revealed that key hub genes, including CYP73A, F3H, CHS, LHCA1, and LHCB5, were significantly correlated with flavonoid biosynthesis and elevated iPR content. We hypothesize that these genes enhance graft healing capacity by regulating secondary metabolism and hormone signaling pathways. The identified candidate genes, phytohormones, and metabolites provide potential molecular markers and regulatory targets for evaluating graft compatibility, selecting suitable rootstock–scion combinations, and optimizing grafting and propagation practices in C. oleifera, providing a crucial theoretical basis for superior cultivar breeding and the investigation of graft compatibility mechanisms. Full article