Search Results (135)

Background/Objectives: Inflammation-based markers have emerged as potential prognostic tools in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but comparative data with classical prognostic factors in untreated HCC are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prognostic performance of inflammatory and conventional markers using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index). Methods: This retrospective study included 250 patients with untreated HCC. Prognostic variables included age, BCLC stage, Child–Pugh classification, Milan criteria, MELD score, AFP, albumin, Charlson comorbidity index, and the inflammation-based markers neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), and Systemic Immune-inflammation Index (SIII). Survival was analyzed using Cox regression. Predictive performance was assessed using the C-index, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and likelihood ratio tests. Results: Among the classical markers, BCLC showed the highest predictive performance (C-index: 0.717), while NLR ranked highest among the inflammatory markers (C-index: 0.640), above the MELD score and Milan criteria. In multivariate analysis, NLR ≥ 2.3 remained an independent predictor of overall survival (HR: 1.787; 95% CI: 1.264–2.527; p < 0.001), along with BCLC stage, albumin, Charlson index, and Milan criteria. Including NLR in the model modestly improved the C-index (from 0.781 to 0.794) but significantly improved model fit (Δ–2LL = 10.75; p = 0.001; lower AIC). Conclusions: NLR is an accessible, cost-effective, and independent prognostic marker for overall survival in untreated HCC. It shows discriminative power comparable to or greater than most conventional predictors and may complement classical stratification tools for HCC. Full article

Background/Objectives: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a highly variable inflammatory condition that can lead to severe complications and high mortality, particularly in its severe forms. Early risk stratification is essential; however, the delayed availability of traditional scoring systems often limits its effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of systemic inflammation indices as early predictors of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted among patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, classified according to the revised Atlanta criteria. Upon admission, systemic inflammation indices were calculated from complete blood count parameters, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Severity was assessed using the APACHE II score. Statistical analysis involved Kruskal–Wallis tests, Dunn’s post hoc comparisons, ROC curve analysis, logistic regression for odds ratios (ORs), and Spearman correlations. Results: SII, NLR, MLR, SIRI, and AISI showed statistically significant associations with AP severity (p < 0.05). MLR and SIRI exhibited the highest predictive performance (AUC = 0.74). ORs for severe pancreatitis were: MLR = 19.10, SIRI = 7.50, NLR = 7.33, AISI = 5.12, and SII = 4.10. All four indices also demonstrated moderate positive correlations with APACHE II scores. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation indices are simple, cost-effective, and accessible tools that can aid in the early identification of patients at high risk for severe acute pancreatitis. Their integration into clinical practice may enhance early decision-making and improve patient outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic eating disorder with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric conditions. Malnutrition and starvation lead to long-term impairments in metabolic processes, hormonal regulation, and immune function, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This study aimed to identify immune–metabolic–hormonal markers associated with treatment response and nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: Fifty hospitalized female patients with AN were included. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were collected at admission and discharge, following partial nutritional recovery. Blood analyses included complete blood count, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglycerides, glucose, NT-pro-BNP, TSH, free thyroxine (fT4), sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, iron, and vitamin D. Composite immune-inflammatory indices calculated were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR); neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein (NHR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (MHR), platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein (PHR) and lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (LHR) ratios; systemic immune-inflammation (SII), and systemic inflammation response (SIRI) indexes. Results: Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) differed significantly at baseline in levels of sodium, chloride, fT4, monocyte count, MCV, NLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI (all: R < NR; p < 0.05). Predictive ability for treatment response was confirmed by AUC values (95%CI): sodium = 0.791 (0.622–0.960), chloride = 0.820 (0.690–0.950), fT4 = 0.781 (0.591–0.972), monocytes = 0.785 (0.643–0.927), MCV = 0.721 (0.549–0.892), NLR = 0.745 (0.578–0.913), MLR = 0.785 (0.643–0.927), SII = 0.736 (0.562–0.911), SIRI = 0.803 (0.671–0.935). The lower levels of inflammation and chloride are particularly predictive of better nutritional recovery, accounting for 26% of the variability in treatment response. Conclusions: The study demonstrated important insights into the hematological, metabolic, hormonal, and immune-inflammatory mechanisms associated with nutritional recovery in AN. Full article

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic utility of systemic inflammatory markers, such as the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte–Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Platelet–Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), to identify patients at risk of developing surgically treated postpericardiotomy syndrome (PPS). Methods: A total of 150 patients were retrospectively analyzed. In total, 75 patients who developed postpericardiotomy syndrome requiring surgical drainage constituted the postpericardiotomy group, whereas 75 age- and surgically matched non-PPS patients served as the control group. Blood samples were collected at four time points: preoperative (T1), 24 h postoperative (T2), 7 days postoperative (T3), and 24 h before secondary intervention in the PPS group and the closest matched outpatient follow-up (T4) in the control group. Inflammatory marker values were compared within and between the groups at the four defined time points. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to determine the diagnostic and predictive accuracy of each marker. Results: Significant increases in the SIRI, MLR, and CRP levels were observed in patients who developed PPS and required surgical intervention. MLR on postoperative day 7 had the highest sensitivity (84%) with a cut-off of 0.575, whereas SIRI demonstrated the highest specificity (81.3%) at a cut-off of 3.34. SII increased significantly only in the late stage, indicating disease progression. The NLR lacked predictive power across all time points. Conclusions: The SIRI and MLR are promising early-stage biomarkers for identifying patients at high risk of developing PPS. Their integration into routine postoperative follow-up could facilitate earlier diagnosis and reduce surgical burden. A multi-marker approach may enhance the diagnostic precision of PPS beyond that of traditional inflammatory measures. Full article

Background/Objectives: The early detection of high levels of CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and cellular lines, as well as their variations across different histological subtypes of lung cancer, may aid in the early identification of high-risk lung cancer patients and further guide their clinical approach. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted and included 202 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma at the Clinical County Hospital Mureș. The main analyzed parameters were the histological subtype and the stage of the tumor at diagnosis, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, as well as nine CBC-derived inflammatory indexes like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). The statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software, version 23.0.2. Logarithmic ANOVA was used to compare groups. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Chi-square test compared categorical variables, while the independent Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables. Results: The inflammatory response increased as disease severity progressed, with NSCLC-NOS being the histological subtype with the most numerous patients outside the normal ranges. Eosinophil count differed significantly across the histologic subtypes of NSCLC, with adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous patients exhibiting the highest values. In adenocarcinoma patients, we observed that NLR and MLR levels increased progressively as the tumor stage advanced. Based on severity, differences were observed across the histological subtypes of lung cancer in stage III patients for ENR, EMR, AISI, eosinophil count, and platelet count, as well as in stage IV patients for AISI, SIRI, and SII. Disease severity impacts the associated inflammatory response in all histologic subtypes of lung cancer to varying degrees. Conclusions: Histological subtype might have a decisive role in shaping the systemic inflammatory profile of lung cancer patients. CBC-derived indices serve as accessible, cost-effective biomarkers for early risk assessment, aiding in the prognosis evaluation and monitoring of therapeutic response. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the histology-specific inflammatory profiles as adjunctive tools in precision oncology. Full article

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections being the first-line therapy. However, one-third of patients exhibit persistent DME despite treatment, suggesting additional pathogenic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of complete blood count (CBC)-based inflammation indexes and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in determining early anti-VEGF treatment effectiveness in DME. Methods: One hundred and four naïve patients with DME, treated with 0.05 mL of intravitreal aflibercept were retrospectively analyzed. Blood parameters analyzed included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Baseline OCT biomarkers included subretinal fluid (SRF), intraretinal cysts (IRC), hyperreflective retinal spots (HRS), and disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL). Treatment response was defined as a minimum 10% reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) at one month post-injection. Results: NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII were significantly higher in non-responders (p < 0.001), but their predictive value was fair, with an area under the ROC curve ranging between 0.704 (MLR) and 0.788 (SII). A multivariate model including SII, initial CMT, and the presence of IRC showed an excellent prediction value for early anatomical response (AUC ROC of 0.911). At the same time, lower PLR, DRIL, SRF, and the absence of HRF were correlated with early gain in BCVA. Conclusions: CBC-derived inflammation indices and OCT biomarkers have prognostic value in predicting early response to anti-VEGF therapy in DME in terms of functional and anatomical outcomes. These findings could help identify poor responders and guide personalized treatment strategies. Full article

Objective: Preterm delivery is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally, with inflammation playing a crucial role in its pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of systemic inflammatory response indices in identifying pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 1128 pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2020 and 2025. Patients were classified into two groups: preterm delivery (n = 528) and term delivery (n = 600). Demographic characteristics, obstetric history, neonatal outcomes, and inflammatory indices were compared. Results: The preterm delivery group showed a significantly higher systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) (p < 0.001), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (p < 0.001), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0.001), and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (p < 0.001) than the term delivery group, while platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were significantly lower (p = 0.002). Inflammatory indices were higher in early preterm delivery cases (p < 0.001) than in middle and late preterm cases. Multivariate logistic regression identified the SIRI (p = 0.015) and NLR (p < 0.001) as independent predictors of preterm delivery, while the PLR showed an inverse association (p = 0.002). Higher inflammatory indices correlated with lower 1st and 5th minute APGAR scores (p < 0.001) and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rates (p < 0.001). NICU stay was prolonged in neonates born to mothers with elevated SIRI and NLR levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Integrating these inflammatory indices into obstetric risk assessment may enhance early detection and intervention strategies, potentially improving maternal and neonatal prognosis. Full article

Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key driver of tumorigenesis, affecting both the tumor microenvironment and host response. In this context, circulating inflammatory proteins may provide valuable insights into cancer activity. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the inflammatory protein ratio (IPR), a composite index derived from serum protein electrophoresis, in detecting active cancer among hospitalized patients. We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory data from 312 adult patients admitted to the Internal Medicine and Aging Department at Policlinico Foggia, Italy, between November 2023 and July 2024. Patients were stratified according to the presence of active cancer, defined by NICE criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of the IPR was compared with that of conventional inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune–inflammation index (SII). The IPR showed the highest diagnostic performance, with a sensitivity of 88.1%, a specificity of 75.2%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.868. Its negative predictive value reached 97.6%, underscoring its potential as a rule-out tool for malignancy in hospitalized patients. These findings support the IPR as a promising and cost-effective inflammation-based biomarker for cancer detection, warranting further validation in prospective and molecularly characterized cohorts. Full article

Background/Objectives: The analysis of the complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory indexes across different histological subtypes of lung cancer supports the early detection of tumor-induced inflammation and has a good predictive value for severity in cancer patients. The main objective of this article was to assess the variations in CBC-derived inflammatory markers across different histologic subtypes of lung cancer, with the final goal of identifying specific predictors of severity for each histologic subtype of lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study that included 202 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma at the Clinical County Hospital Mureș. The analyzed parameters were as follows: the histological type, the stage of the tumor, patients’ general data, and associated comorbidities. In addition, nine CBC-derived inflammatory indexes, like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), were analyzed as predictors of severity and correlated with histologic findings. Results: The predictors of severity differed across the histologic subtypes. SIRI, d-NLR, and age were predictors of severity in adenocarcinoma patients, while the d-NLR, ENR, leukocyte, and neutrophil count predicted severity in squamous cell carcinoma. For SCLC patients, AISI, SIRI, SII, d-NLR, EMR, ENR, MLR, leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, platelets count, COPD, smoking, and male gender were predictors for severity. Conclusions: Understanding the complexity and variations in the inflammatory response across different histologic types of lung cancer can personalize treatment regimens and target specific abnormal cellular lines, thus improving the outcome of this highly deadly condition. Full article

Background: Severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are a leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and in-hospital mortality. Several hematological inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), derived NLR (dNLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), have been proposed as markers of disease severity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 104 ICU patients with AECOPD over a two-year period. We collected and analyzed clinical, demographic, and laboratory data. The hematological indices of the two groups—survivors (n = 39) and non-survivors (n = 65)—were compared to assess differences. We used t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and Mann–Whitney U tests to compare the groups. The factors that independently predicted mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression. We examined survival differences using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and ROC curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive power of each biomarker. Results: Mortality was substantially predicted by higher SII (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.24–3.08, p = 0.002) and NLR (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.72–4.82, p < 0.001). Patients with NLR > 8.0 and SII > 1800 had significantly lower survival rates (log-rank p < 0.001), according to Kaplan–Meier analysis. SII (AUC = 0.79) and NLR (AUC = 0.82) were the best predictors of death, according to ROC analysis. Conclusions: In ICU-admitted AECOPD patients, NLR, MLR, PLR, dNLR, and SII are independent predictors of mortality. Due to their ease of evaluation and predictive capabilities, they should be included in ICU risk models for early interventions. Full article

Background: Inflammatory indices have been proposed as simple and routinely obtainable markers of systemic inflammation in cardiac disease. This study investigated whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) serve as biomarkers for risk stratification and outcomes measures in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) following valve replacement (AVR). Methods: In this retrospective analysis (January 2017–June 2022), patients with AS underwent pre-procedural cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and were assigned a treatment strategy by a multidisciplinary Heart Team: (1) transcatheter AVR, (2) surgical AVR, or (3) no valvular intervention. Kaplan–Meier estimates and regression analyses were used to demonstrate associations between the NLR, MLR, and PIV with myocardial fibrosis—assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and extracellular volume (ECV) on CMR—and a combined endpoint of heart failure hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 356 patients (median age: 80 years, 50% male) were followed for a median of 40 months, during which 162 (46%) reached the combined endpoint. Linear regression identified C-reactive protein, but not the presence of LGE or elevated ECV, as the only independent predictor of all three inflammatory indices (p for all <0.001). After multivariable adjustment for clinical (EuroSCORE II), laboratory (baseline N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] and C-reactive protein), and imaging parameters (AV mean pressure gradient, right ventricular ejection fraction, and ECV), the above-the-upper-quartile NLR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.45, 95%-confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.92, p = 0.042), MLR (aHR: 1.48, 95%-CI: 1.05–2.09, p = 0.025), and PIV (aHR: 1.56, 95%-CI: 1.11–2.21, p = 0.011) remained significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Following AVR, the median NLR (3.5 to 3.4) and PIV (460 to 376) showed a significant post-procedural decline compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.019 for both). Conclusions: Inflammatory indices are readily available biomarkers independently associated with adverse outcomes in severe AS following AVR. However, no significant relationship was observed between the NLR, MLR, PIV, and myocardial fibrosis on CMR. Full article

Objective: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is the most important treatment method that increases survival in advanced-stage ovarian cancer (OC) patients. However, complications after CRS are seen as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Preoperative risk assessment of patients is of great importance. In recent years, inflammatory markers have been the subject of many studies evaluating malignancy and surgical outcomes. Ca125, Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) stand out as prognostic and predictive tools in malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative inflammatory markers in patients who underwent CRS for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer and to investigate the predictive power of postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examines patients who underwent CRS due to advanced-stage epithelial OC at Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2023. Postoperative complications of the patients were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC); Ca125, NLR, PLR, SII, SIRI and MLR values were calculated using preoperative laboratory data, and the predictive values of inflammatory markers were analysed with ROC curves. Results: A significant relationship was found between complications with CDC ≥ 3 and NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI. The AUC value of SII was calculated as 0.740 (p < 0.001), NLR as 0.719 (p = 0.001), PLR as 0.668 (p = 0.011), and SIRI as 0.651 (p = 0.022). SII stands out as the marker with the highest predictive power. SII is a strong marker in predicting postoperative complications, especially in advanced-stage OC patients. Conclusions: It was shown that preoperative inflammation markers may be an effective method for predicting postoperative complications in advanced-stage OC patients undergoing CRS. These findings may contribute to optimising surgical management and reducing complications. In future studies, these markers should be evaluated in groups with more patients, and their predictive power should be investigated. Full article

Functional capacity (FC), ideally determined by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), is a valuable prognostic marker in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). As CPET has limited availability, biomarkers of inflammation and/or fibrosis could help predict diminished FC. Our objective was to assess the value of galectin-3 (gal-3) and that of three inflammatory markers easily obtained from a complete blood count (NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) and MLR (monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio) in predicting diminished FC in males with recent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CCS. Our prospective study enrolled 90 males who had undergone elective PCI in the previous 3 months (mean age 60.39 ± 10.39 years) referred to a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) clinic between February 2023 and December 2024. All subjects received clinical examination, a cardiopulmonary stress test, transthoracic echocardiography and bloodwork. Based on percentage of predicted oxygen uptake (%VO2max), patients were classified in two subgroups—impaired FC (≤70%, n = 50) and preserved FC (>70%, n = 40). NLR, PLR and gal-3 were elevated in patients with poor FC and were significant predictors of diminished FC in multivariate analysis. PLR, NLR and gal-3 could guide referrals for CR for high-risk males with recent elective PCI. Full article

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication known to be related to the pathophysiology of platelet dysfunction and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of platelet indices and inflammatory markers in preeclampsia and their importance in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: A total of 118 preeclampsia cases (84 with mild preeclampsia and 34 with severe preeclampsia) and 118 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Blood samples obtained at the time of preeclampsia diagnosis were analyzed for platelet indices (platelet count (PC), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet/large cell ratio (P-LCR)) and inflammation indices (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR)). Results: The PC and PLR were lower in the severe preeclampsia group compared to the other groups. The PDW was higher in both mild and severe preeclampsia groups compared to the control group. A PDW value above 13.15 was identified as a significant predictor of composite adverse neonatal outcomes (area under the curve (AUC): 0.633; sensitivity: 60.9%; specificity: 58%). Conclusions: PC and PLR decrease in severe preeclampsia. This study highlights the potential of PDW as a marker for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in preeclampsia. Full article

Background/Objectives: Community-acquired pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and various scoring systems and laboratory assessments are available for predicting prognosis. The untapped potential of combining the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and their correlation with the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 motivated our research. We thought that this would provide more robust data for predicting CAP prognosis. We aimed to assess hematologic parameters’ associations with the PSI, CURB-65, and qSOFA scores for predicting the prognosis of hospitalized CAP patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a multicenter, observational study conducted in three hospitals in Türkiye, Antalya. Methods: A total of 343 patients hospitalized with CAP in three centers in Turkey, Antalya, between 1 January 2020 and 30 September 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic data, comorbidities, vital signs, radiological images, laboratory findings, and 30-day mortality results of the patients were recorded. CURB-65, PSI, and qSOFA scores were calculated. Results: This study included 163 females (47%) with an average age of 74 ± 11.8. Hospital mortality occurred in 51 patients. Non-survivor CAP cases had higher ages (p = 0.007), CURB-65 scores (p < 0.001), PSIs (p < 0.001), and qSOFA scores (p < 0.001) and a longer hospital stay (p = 0.001) and total antibiotic duration (p < 0.001). Additionally, the NLR (p = 0.009), MLR (p = 0.018), and PLR (p = 0.025) were higher in the non-survivor group. The CURB-65, PSI, and qSOFA scores demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for in-hospital mortality. In the ROC analysis conducted to predict in-hospital mortality, the area under the curve (AUC) for CURB-65, the PSI, and qSOFA was determined to be 0.83, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively. The NLR correlated positively with CURB-65, the PSI, and qSOFA; the PLR correlated with the PSI and qSOFA; and the MLR correlated with CURB-65. Conclusions: CURB-65 and PSI scores remain highly effective for predicting in-hospital mortality in CAP patients, as demonstrated by their superior AUC values. While the NLR, MLR, and PLR showed weak predictive performance compared to these scores, their correlations suggest their potential as adjunctive markers. Full article