This paper presents a methodology used to estimate the energy generated during one year by a photovoltaic module (PVM) operating under partial shading conditions. The methodology starts by calculating the solar paths and contours of nearby objects th...
In this paper, the usefulness of photovoltaic modules built of half cells for partially obstructed photovoltaic (PV) installations was analyzed based on verified simulation studies. The parameters of these modules are similar to the classic, but the...
This study proposed a new photovoltaic module quick regulate (PVM-QR) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, which can eliminate the disturbance problem of the hill-climbing (HC) algorithm, especially under low irradiance level and partial sh...
In this paper, a module-level photovoltaic (PV) architecture in parallel configuration is introduced for maximum power extraction, under partial shading (PS) conditions. For the first time, a non-regulated switched capacitor (SC) nX converter is a us...
The double-layer (DL) cable-supported photovoltaic (PV) module system is an emerging type of structure that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its large span, strong terrain adaptability, and economic advantages. As it is a fle...
Partial shading has a nonlinear effect on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Different methods of optimizing energy harvesting under partial shading conditions have been suggested to mitigate this issue. In this paper, a smart PV module ar...
Temperature prediction for partially shaded photovoltaic (PV) modules is essential for ensuring the stability and safety of PV systems. However, existing methods suffer from high computational complexity, limiting their applicability in engineering p...
With half-cut photovoltaic (PV) modules being the dominant technology on the market, there is an increasing necessity for accurate modeling of this module type. Circuit simulators such as Simulink are widely used to study different topics regarding p...
Operating photovoltaic (PV) modules are frequently shaded by nearby structures, vegetation, droppings, etc., and this reduces the effective incident solar radiation received by the modules. Shading also reduces the power output of PV modules and, und...
The article considers the problem of an influence of partial shading on the characteristics of photovoltaic modules (PV modules). Different manners of connections of silicon solar cells contained in such modules are considered, e.g., classical PV mod...
The 2025 International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics (ITRPV) projects that bifacial modules will dominate the photovoltaic (PV) market, reaching roughly 60–80% global share between 2024 and 2035, while monofacial PV modules will steadily...
This paper reports on the correlation between broken contact fingers and the shape of the current–voltage (I–V) curve of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It was found that the broken contact fingers of a solar cell in the PV module cause a not...
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the influence of shading on mono-crystalline (mono-Si) solar cell parameters. The variations of equivalent circuit parameters with shading were determined and then used in modelling a mono-Si solar...
As a representative new energy source, solar energy has the advantages of easy access to resources and low pollution. However, due to the uncertainty of the external environment, photovoltaic (PV) modules that collect solar energy are often covered b...
The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the...
Photovoltaics (PV) is the phenomenon of converting sun energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, solar energy is the major renewable energy source. PV modules are systematically more efficient and manufacturing costs decre...
Renewable energy technologies play a key role in mitigating climate change and advancing sustainable development. Among these, photovoltaic (PV) systems have experienced significant growth in recent years. However, shading, one of the most common fau...
To protect a photovoltaic module from the hot spot effect more efficiently, an AC (alternating current) module that contains a module-level MPPT (maximum power point tracking) has been put forward. In this paper, operation states of shadowed solar ce...
Partial shading has a negative impact on photovoltaic systems by forcing the connected modules to generate lower power, creating severe unexpected power losses. To resolve this issue, numerous solutions have been proposed, among which configuration m...
The output power of photovoltaic modules is significantly reduced by solar irradiance shading. To address this issue, innovative strategies for mitigating shading effects have been continuously explored. In this study, detailed research on the edge d...
To combat climate change and achieve global carbon neutrality, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been widely used in the building sector, particularly in zero-energy buildings. In urban areas, space constraints make building-integrated photovoltaic (BIP...
This paper presents an experimental investigation on photovoltaic array (PV array) power output affected by partial shading conditions (PSCs). An experiment setup of a PV array with a series configuration using 2
The main purpose of this study was to research and develop maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic module array (PVMA) with partial module shading and sudden changes in solar irradiance. Modified cat swarm optimization (MCSO) was adopte...
This paper presents a reconfigurable switching circuit and control methodology for mitigating power losses in photovoltaic (PV) systems under partial shading. The proposed hardware uses a simplified network of power MOSFETs and diodes to enable dynam...
When the photovoltaic (PV) system suffers shading problems caused by different degrees and areas, the shaded PV cells will consume electricity and generate heat, the corresponding bypass diode operating at a certain current will conduct, and a specia...
To satisfy the grid-connected voltage level, both photovoltaic modules and energy storage modules are connected in series. However, the multiple photovoltaic modules often fall into local maximum power point under partial shading conditions during pr...
The present study proposes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method in which improved teaching-learning-based optimization (I-TLBO) is applied to perform global MPPT of photovoltaic (PV) module arrays under dissimilar shading situations to ensure...
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has shown significant expansion on the installed capacity over the last years. Most of its power systems are installed on rooftops, integrated into buildings. Considering the fast development of PV plants, it has becomi...
The main objective of this paper is to develop a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for a photovoltaic module array (PVMA) under conditions of partial shading and sudden changes in solar irradiance. PVMAs exhibit nonlinear characteristics with respec...
Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topol...
Partial shading often appears on photovoltaic (PV) strings installed in small space probes, such as moon exploration rovers, due to their body structures, reducing the power yield of PV strings. Such partial shading issues can be precluded by differe...
A building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system produces power using photovoltaic (PV) modules as building exterior materials, whose architectural performance serves the same functions as those of existing building materials. Most relevant studies t...
In this paper, an improved firefly algorithm (FA) was proposed for application on photovoltaic module arrays (PVMAs) with partial modules under shading so that the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) could be implemented. Firstly, a new model of high...
The rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system that uses a power optimization device at the module level (MLPE) has been theoretically proven to have an advantage over other types in case of reducing the effect of partial shading. Unfortunately, there is still...
This paper presents the study of a simplified approach to model and analyze the performance of partially shaded photovoltaic modules using the shading ratio. This approach integrates the characteristics of shaded area and shadow opacity into the phot...
This study aims to provide photovoltaic module selection with better performance in the shading condition for improving production efficiency and reducing photovoltaic system investment cost through the symmetry concept, combining both solar energy m...
This paper presents an improved version of the firefly algorithm (FA) by which a maximum power point (MPP) tracker was developed to track down the global maximum power point (GMPP) of a partially shaded photovoltaic module array (PVMA). As the first...
In this study, the output characteristics of partial modules in a photovoltaic module array when subject to shading were first explored. Then, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was applied to track the global maximum power point...
The integration of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems requires advanced converter architectures capable of ensuring both high efficiency and fast dynamic response. Leveraging the inherent modularity and low harmonic distortion of Modular Multileve...
The partial shading conditions significantly affect the functionality of solar power plants despite the presence of multiple maximum power point tracking systems. The primary cause of this problem is the presence of local maxima in the power–cu...
This paper aims to present a smart, particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based, real time configuration strategy for a photovoltaic (PV) module array in the event of shadow cast on a PV module(s) and/or module failure as an effective approach to power g...
In this study, a modified gray wolf optimization algorithm (GWOA) was proposed to facilitate the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic module arrays (PMAs). To increase the voltage conversion ratio and achieve a voltage boost through re...
Photovoltaic (PV) modules experience some partial shading conditions (PSC) due to some various factors. In that kind of a condition, a few maximum power points (MPPs) possibly appear on the power-voltage (P-V) curve, which increases the tracking diff...
Shingled photovoltaic (PV) modules with increased output have attracted growing interest compared to conventional PV modules. However, the area per unit solar cell of shingled PV modules is smaller because these modules are manufactured by dividing a...
The traditional perturbation and observation (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm of a structure is simple and low-cost. However, the P&O algorithm is prone to divergence under solar radiation when the latter varies rapidly and...
Shadows severely affect the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. A proper description of this effect is useful for sizing and simulating PV systems when shadows cannot be avoided. Shading factors represent the basis for simulating the effe...
This paper proposes a mathematical model for the shading profiles of a PV module with thin, long linear elements. The model includes the brightness distribution over the entire shading region (umbra, penumbra, and antumbra). A corresponding calculati...
The mutual shading among individual field-grown maize plants resulting from high planting density inevitably reduces leaf photosynthesis, while regulating the photosynthetic transport chain has a strong impact on photosynthesis. However, the effect o...
This study proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy for the solar photovoltaic power system (SPPS). The proposed system adopts two solar photovoltaic modules of 430 W, which are connected to a boost converter and an MPPT...
The shadow effect caused by nearby objects or the lack of cleaning significantly affects the performance of photovoltaics (PV) installations. This article analyses the bypass diode electrical behaviour and the thermal response of a PV crystalline mod...
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