Search Results (7,555)

This study examines the linguistic landscape of northern Lesbos at the turn of the 20th century through the lens of historical sociolinguistics. The research focuses on the scientific intersection and subsequent controversy between the native scholar Spyridon Anagnostou and the renowned German linguist Paul Kretschmer. Methodologically, the study employs archival research, biographical analysis, and a comparative study of Anagnostou’s original manuscripts held at the Research Center for Modern Greek Dialects (KENDI) against published editions. The results include the identification of 36 unpublished fairy tales and an analysis of phonetic and morphological phenomena, such as kappacism and rare feminine endings, which are largely absent from contemporary records. Comparative analysis further reveals significant “dialectal normalization” and ideological interventions in both scholars’ transcriptions. We conclude that Anagnostou’s manuscripts serve as a vital “linguistic fossil” and a proxy for unrecorded spontaneous speech, recovering diachronic depth lost to dialect leveling. Ultimately, the study highlights the importance of marginal local scholarship in reconstructing a “language history from below” and addressing epistemic injustice and the ideology of transcriptions in the history of dialectology. Full article

The manuscript deals with the bending behavior of beams with relatively less investigated cellular topologies based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs). Three types of sandwich-type specimens (namely Schoen IWP, Fischer–Koch S, and Schoen F-RD) with five different volume fractions of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 35% (±1%) made of aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg by selective laser melting (SLM) technology were investigated. Three-point bending tests were performed at room temperature on a Zwick/Roell 1456 universal testing machine. The force–deflection dependences were plotted, while in addition to nominal stresses, the effective flexural stiffness and energy absorption to failure were evaluated to compare the properties of the investigated cellular beams. In the preparatory phase, critical aspects of possible premature failure of the samples with the smallest and highest selected volume fractions were addressed, while the manufacturability and fracture surfaces of the samples were assessed in order to improve the input conditions of the setup. By comparing the results obtained in the experimental testing in the second phase, it was found that the highest nominal bending stresses were achieved by the Schoen F-RD structure (although not significantly higher than Fischer–Koch S), but in terms of stiffness and amount of absorbed energy, the Fischer–Koch S structure showed the highest values. The improvement of input parameters led to an increase in the achieved nominal bending stresses by at least 100 MPa for all types of investigated structures compared to the first phase. The combined use of preliminary SLM process optimization, bending tests, and fracture surface/EDX analysis made it possible to relate the flexural response of the investigated TPMS topologies to manufacturing-related defects and premature-failure mechanisms in thin-walled AlSi10Mg cellular structures. The presented specimen configuration is intended as a comparative experimental benchmark for flexural performance of sandwich-type TPMS beams under quasi-static loading. Full article

The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are undergoing a paradigm shift from a lipid-centric approach to a holistic metabolic perspective. Central to this evolution is the gut–fat–heart axis, a sophisticated three-dimensional communication network that integrates neural, endocrine, and immunometabolic signaling to regulate systemic lipid homeostasis. This manuscript systematically explores how the gut microbiota acts as a “metabolic organ” to remotely control host health through the production of bioactive metabolites and the modulation of molecular communication networks. At the physiological level, microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modified bile acids regulate energy balance and lipid synthesis via the FXR-FGF15/19 axis and G protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, gut hormones like GLP-1 and neuro-reflex pathways involving the vagus nerve provide rapid control over postprandial lipid clearance and feeding behavior. Conversely, pathological dysbiosis triggers the accumulation of harmful metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which drive lipotoxicity, vascular inflammation, and “dysfunctional HDL” formation. These processes accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis, heart failure, and metabolic syndrome. Finally, the article outlines promising clinical translation strategies, including the development of TMA lyase inhibitors, next-generation probiotics, and the use of phytochemicals to reshape the microbial landscape. By decoding the molecular dialogues within the gut–fat–heart axis, this research provides a novel strategic vantage point for the integrated management of cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Full article

Contemporary societies are characterized by increasing role multiplicity and accelerated social change, intensifying identity-related strain and inter-role conflict. Although role theory, narrative identity research, and psychological flexibility frameworks have independently advanced the understanding of psychological adaptation, an integrative structural model explaining how life domains are hierarchically organized and reorganized over time remains underdeveloped. This manuscript introduces Casa Vital (Vital House), a dynamic structural model that conceptualizes identity as a hierarchical architecture of interdependent life domains organized around a central integrative function. The model proposes three core constructs: structural coherence, structural modes (rigidity/flexibility) and self-directed agency, and argues that psychological adaptation depends not only on emotional regulation or narrative coherence but also on the capacity to reorganize domain hierarchies in alignment with personal values and contextual demands. By positioning identity at a meso-structural level of analysis, the framework integrates sociological, narrative, and contextual behavioral traditions while offering testable hypotheses and a falsifiable research agenda. Casa Vital expands the current models of adaptation by introducing hierarchical structural reorganization as a central component of identity functioning in complex contemporary contexts. Full article

Many sectors that sustain humanity’s daily life and wellbeing contribute to the occurrence and accumulation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the environment, making them a global concern. This manuscript presents an appraisal of existing scientific literature on removal of OMPs from water by non-thermal plasma-ozonation (NTPO) synergy with specific attention on phenolics, pesticides and herbicides and organic dyes. An overview of non-thermal plasma (NTP) degrading agents in gas and aqueous phases has been given, complemented with diagnostic systems and reactive species detection methods. A scrutiny of reactor systems and their influencing operating parameters has also been discussed. For the analysed types of OMPs, the kinetics, reaction mechanisms and the synergistic degradation effects have been explored. Several studies showed NTPO and NTP/other process synergy resulting in higher degradation efficiency than the individual processes. Most removal reactions followed pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics while the mechanistic breakdown mainly involved the action of the nonselective OH radical. This scientific critique brings to light utilisable data, provides novel insights on NTPO of OMPs, unveils science gaps for further investigation and presents a wide spectrum of points to consider in plasma water research on OMPs. Full article

The present integrative umbrella review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence and practices related to mental health and career transitions in elite sport toward the implementation of service provision through digital interventions. Following PRIO guidelines, an extensive search across five databases (2015–2025) identified 52 eligible manuscripts (e.g., conceptual, review, and position studies). Data extraction focused on mental health, dual-career pathways, career transition challenges and needs, and identity-related issues among high-performance athletes. The findings revealed a strong consensus that athlete well-being is shaped by the dynamic interaction of mental health symptoms, sport-specific stressors, identity processes, and structural conditions across the athletic lifespan. Mental health vulnerabilities (e.g., anxiety, depression, disordered eating, and distress) were consistently reported, particularly during injury, deselection, and retirement. Dual-career engagement, diversified identities, and proactive career planning emerged as key protective factors, while stigma, limited literacy, and uneven access to psychological services remained persistent barriers. Five main thematic areas (Matrix 1) operationalized in ten higher-order intervention domains (e.g., Matrix 2, screening, monitoring, literacy, and others) and 14 potential online implementation strategies (Matrix 3) were identified. However, the evidence highlights fragmented implementation and a lack of scalable, cross-national tools to support athletes during and beyond their competitive careers. Therefore, a harmonized, evidence-based, multidimensional framework for the development and implementation of digital support resources has been proposed. This integrative review underscores the need for integrated, culturally sensitive, and digitally enabled support systems to promote sustainable transitions and long-term athlete well-being. Full article

The transition to a circular economy requires the safe management of sewage sludge through nutrient and energy recovery. However, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) present a significant challenge. These compounds tend to accumulate in sludge via sorption, shifting the environmental burden from the aqueous phase to the sludge. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on technical alternatives for valorizing sewage sludge and removing emerging contaminants. The study evaluates the limitations of conventional biological methods, such as anaerobic digestion and composting, which exhibit variable efficacy and are often insufficient to degrade some commonly used pharmaceuticals. On the contrary, thermal treatments (pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal processes) are considered robust alternatives capable of achieving the high removal of chemical compounds. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the innovative potential of utilizing carbon-based byproducts (biochar and hydrochar) as adsorbents, catalysts, or soil amendment to enhance the removal of PPCPs within the treatment infrastructure itself. The integration of advanced thermal technologies is essential to mitigate the risks of contaminant transfer to the food chain and ensure a safe and sustainable nutrient cycle. Full article

The Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經 is one of the most important scriptures of early Mahāyāna Buddhism, renowned as the “King of Sūtras”. It was extremely widely transmitted around the Tang Dynasty. More than 7000 scrolls of the Miaofa lianhua jing are preserved among the Dunhuang documents. However, many of these numerous manuscripts were split into two parts, or even divided into multiple fragments and scraps, which severely damaged their integrity. Therefore, it is necessary to join them together. After joining, the textual content of the scrolls can be restored, which facilitates in-depth research on Buddhist documents. This paper elaborates on the great significance of textual restoration of Dunhuang fragments of the Miaofa lianhua jing for Buddhist philology from four aspects: identifying the ten-scroll edition omitted in successive printed editions of the Chinese Buddhist Canon; promoting the collation and research of small unidentified Buddhist manuscript fragments; determining the authenticity of scroll fragments of unknown origin; and examining details concerning the circulation and restoration of Dunhuang Buddhist texts. Full article

Persistent disparities in literacy outcomes affect deaf learners, who may experience writing instruction that does not align with their linguistic contexts. This study examined how teachers’ instructional reasoning about writing developed during participation in an online Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI) professional development (PD) program. Nineteen teachers of deaf students completed a 30-hour virtual PD that combined asynchronous modules and synchronous collaborative sessions focused on evidence-based writing instruction. Teachers completed video-based situational simulations at three time points across the PD; responses were scored using a 5-point holistic scale to assess growth in pedagogical content knowledge. A post-workshop survey also asked teachers to rate prior use, anticipated implementation, and readiness to implement SIWI-aligned practices on a 3-point scale. Survey results indicated relatively low pre-workshop use of practices and higher anticipated implementation and readiness after PD. Repeated-measures analyses of simulation scores indicated significant improvement over time, reflecting strengthened ability to identify instructional priorities, integrate language and writing instruction, and justify responsive teaching decisions. To illustrate what this growth looked like in practice, the manuscript includes an embedded illustration of one teacher’s scenario responses across the three time points, showing a shift from more general/imprecise instructional commentary to more SIWI-aligned, objective-driven reasoning that explicitly links language supports to targeted writing instruction and next instructional steps. These findings suggest that video-based simulations offer a feasible, practice-oriented way to assess teacher learning in online PD, and that programs preparing teachers of deaf writers should pair self-report measures with simulation-based tasks that document how teachers apply pedagogical content knowledge to writing instruction. Full article

This revised manuscript presents a real-calendar-anchored SEIR simulation benchmark for comparing manifold-constrained Gaussian process inference (MAGI) and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). The study is explicitly positioned as an empirical benchmarking and reproducibility contribution rather than a new epidemic model or a new inference algorithm. A deterministic proportional SEIR system defines the mechanistic truth, while municipal surveillance records motivate the calendar and observation context. We compare full observation of $E,I,R$ with a missing–exposed regime in which only $I,R$ are observed. A parametric bootstrap with independent log-normal measurement noise generates an expanded ensemble ($B=80$); this ensemble supports bootstrap medians, interquartile ranges, outlier assessment, and sensitivity analysis under the declared measurement-error model. The revision clarifies the role of the PINN data–physics weight $\lambda$, the oracle MAGI hyperparameter stabilization used in the missing-E experiment, the distinction between MAP estimates and Bayesian posterior uncertainty, and the operational role of PELT changepoint-guided sparse sampling. The results support a balanced conclusion: MAGI is stable in the fully observed setting, whereas PINNs can be competitive under appropriate $\lambda$ choices; the missing–exposed case remains ill-posed and requires cautious interpretation. Full article

Background and Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a broad spectrum of functional and structural abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Conventional diagnostic tools, although essential, often fail to capture the underlying biochemical mechanisms driving disease progression. Synovial fluid (SF), by virtue of its direct proximity to intra-articular tissues, represents an accessible biological matrix for identifying molecular signatures of inflammation, cartilage degradation, lubrication failure, oxidative stress, and angiogenic activation. The objective of this review is to synthesize current evidence on SF proteomics in TMD and evaluate its potential translational value in precision medicine. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted on PubMed to identify human studies focused on SF proteomic and biochemical biomarkers in TMD. Eligible studies included original research articles assessing SF composition in relation to specific TMJ pathologies, diagnostic categories, or clinical phenotypes. Extracted data included study design, sample characteristics, analytic methodology, biomarkers investigated, and key findings. Google Gemini (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) was used as an AI-assisted tool to support language editing and manuscript writing during the preparation of this article. The use of this tool was limited to linguistic refinement; all scientific content, data interpretation, and conclusions were formulated and verified by the authors. Results: Across the analyzed studies, TMD phenotypes—particularly disc displacement with or without reduction (DDwR, DDwoR) and osteoarthritis (OA)—were characterized by consistent alterations in cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), extracellular matrix (ECM) components (aggrecan, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), decorin, MMP-2, MMP-9), lubrication molecules (lubricin/PRG4), oxidative stress mediators (myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)), adipokines (chemerin, resistin, adiponectin), and angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)). Recent liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses further revealed phenotype-specific protein clusters and pathways related to inflammation, ferroptosis, hypoxia signaling, and proteoglycan metabolism. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that SF proteomics and multi-analyte biomarker profiling offer a promising, hypothesis-generating approach for understanding the biological mechanisms underlying TMD. The integration of proteomic, metabolic, and inflammatory markers holds future potential for diagnostic panel development; however, prospective clinical validation is still required before SF-based molecular profiling can be implemented as a precision medicine tool in TMJ disorders. Full article

Internal and civil wars affect the lives of religious and ethnic minorities the most. For Syrian citizens of Armenian origin, the Republic of Armenia represented one of the most accessible and meaningful destinations to relocate to, shaped by shared ethnicity, collective memory, and historical ties. When the Syrian war erupted in 2011, thousands opted to resettle in Armenia, yet they and host institutions struggled to categorize them as immigrants, refugees, or repatriates. This ambiguous status has received little scholarly attention. To explore these complexities, the study employed a survey-based research design involving 124 participants, supplemented by an open-ended question intended to capture personal narratives and nuanced identity negotiations. The manuscript examines how the labels immigrant, refugee, and repatriate carry distinct legal, social, and emotional implications, especially against the backdrop of the 1915 Armenian Genocide’s enduring memory and the particularly negative connotations of “immigrant” and “refugee” in Western Armenian and Arabic languages. Within this contested semantic and policy terrain, repatriation appears not merely as a bureaucratic category but as a culturally resonant and sometimes preferred pathway for some Diaspora Armenians, informed by lifelong exposure to repatriation narratives through formal education (language textbooks) and informal communal practices. The case sheds light on the broader conception of stakeholders, including how they self-identify, how they understand their status in Armenia, and the factors shaping their choices, particularly in the context of contemporary geopolitics and the role of education in influencing external perceptions of them. Full article

Gastric adenomas are epithelial premalignant neoplasms which may appear similar on endoscopic examination; however, histologically, they are classified into four distinct subtypes according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System: intestinal adenoma, foveolar-type adenoma, oxyntic gland adenoma, and pyloric gland adenoma. Each subtype has characteristic histologic features that are essential for accurate diagnosis, although distinction can be challenging due to overlapping morphologic patterns. Moreover, these entities differ in their potential for malignant transformation and in their associations with hereditary or syndromic conditions. The objective of this review is to provide a practical guide for the histopathologic diagnosis of gastric adenomas, summarize the evidence regarding their risk of associated malignancy or malignant transformation, and review current recommendations for clinical follow-up and management. Given that various lesions may present endoscopically as gastric polyps, this manuscript also reviews both epithelial and non-epithelial mimickers of gastric adenomas. Full article

Incorporation of carbon-11 radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging requires close coordination between cyclotron operation, radiochemistry production, quality control, and clinical administration. A persistent challenge exists is the minimization of the carbon-12 isotopologue mass of the radiotracer, which reduces molar activity and can compromise PET image quality. This challenge can be particularly acute at facilities where cyclotron operation and carbon-11 radiochemistry are realized by separate organizations with distinct operational priorities. Here, we describe how the Radiochemistry Group at New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Siemens Healthineers have developed an integrated operational framework for consistent, high-quality carbon-11 production within an academic–industry partnership. Cyclotron target maintenance and conditioning protocols, remote chemistry module maintenance schedules, a validated radio-HPLC method (UV LOD = 0.9 µg/mL, UV LOQ = 3.0 µg/mL) for trending methyl iodide isotopologue mass, and structured inter-team communication protocols are presented in this manuscript. Quality analysis demonstrates molar activities consistently exceeding the recommended minimum of 40 GBq/µmol for reversibly binding radiotracers used in human PET studies. This work is intended as a practical resource for radiochemists, cyclotron engineers, and facility managers working to establish or improve institutional carbon-11 programs. Full article