Despite significant advances in bank regulation and the widespread adoption of macroprudential frameworks, emerging market economies remain persistently vulnerable to global financial shocks. Episodes such as the Global Financial Crisis, the COVID-19...
The aldol condensation of furfural and acetone is considered a promising method for the production of liquid fuel intermediates. 4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (FAc) and 1,5-di-2-furanyl-1,4-pentadien-3-one (F2Ac) are the main products of the reaction, wh...
Segmented slug flow systems in capillaries have already shown good potential for process intensification, due to their symmetry in the characteristic flow pattern. However, several challenges remain in this technology. For instance, in gas-consuming...
An efficient synthesis of a valuable intermediate of coenzyme Q10 by microwave-assisted Lewis acidic ionic liquid (IL)-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation is reported. The acidity of six [Etpy]BF4-based ionic liquids was characterized by means of the...
Objectives: Transforming poorly soluble crystalline drugs into their amorphous form is a well-established strategy in pharmaceutical science to enhance their solubility and improve their clinical efficacy. However, developing amorphous forms of organ...
This paper proposes using a liquid lens as a compensating lens and applying intermediate optics to achieve a 9× zoom ratio. The droplet shape and location of the liquid lens can be adjusted reversibly, enabling the focal length and position of the le...
This study introduces a novel particle model for biomass fast pyrolysis, incorporating an anisotropic cylindrical particle to address mass and energy transport coupled with aerosol ejection, which previous models have overlooked. The main contributio...
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important in the sink of many atmospheric substances, including alcohols, organic acids, amines, etc. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used to calculate the energy barriers for the reactions...
A connection between hot-dip galvanized 45 steel and AZ91D was achieved by liquid-solid compound casting to achieve one material with a better mechanical performance and a light weight. The microstructure and properties of galvanized-steel/AZ91D bime...
In this paper, an analytical method of solving the integro-differential system of kinetic and balance equations describing the evolution of an ensemble of crystals during the intermediate phase of the bulk crystallization process is described. The th...
One of the research priorities in atmospheric chemistry is to advance our understanding of heterogeneous reactions and their effect on the composition of the troposphere. Chemistry on aqueous surfaces is particularly important because of their ubiqui...
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important zwitterionic oxidants in the atmosphere, which affect the budget of OH radicals, amines, alcohols, organic/inorganic acids, etc. In this study, quantum chemical calculation and Born–Oppenheimer molecula...
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central part of carbon and energy metabolism, also connecting to glycolysis, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. The quantitation of the TCA cycle intermediate within one method is lucrative due to the interest i...
The acrylation degree of vegetable oils plays a relevant role in determining the mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. Both epoxide and acrylate functionalities participate in polymerization reactions, producing various types of chemical b...
In this article the crystal structures of the starting material TZ-5 and the key intermediate TZ-6 of temozolomide (TZ-7), an anticancer therapeutic agent, are presented, together with their spectroscopic and thermal characteristics. Both compounds c...
A new approach for characterizing the intermediate of urea-denatured α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is presented. The contact surface region (Z, S), affinity (logI), and the character of interaction force (j) o...
The azomethine 1 was prepared as described elsewhere [1].[...]
The reactions of aqueous gold complexes with H2Se and H2S are important for transportation and deposition of gold in nature and for synthesis of AuSe-based nanomaterials but are scantily understood. Here, we explored species formed at different propo...
Our previous study reported that operation in multiple steady states contributes to an improvement in reaction conversion, making it possible to reduce the energy consumption of the reactive distillation process for tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) synt...
Topological defects are important in determining the properties of physical systems and are known varyingly depending on the broken symmetry. In superfluid helium, they are called vortices; in periodic crystals, one refers to dislocations; and in liq...
High-performance perovskite solar cells are strongly dependent on the quality of the perovskite layer. Two-step sequential deposition of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films is widely used to fabricate perovskite solar cells and many factors influence the quali...
This study explores the electrochemical reduction in CO2 using room temperature ionic liquids as solvents or electrolytes, which can minimize the environmental impact of CO2 emissions. To design effective CO2 electrochemical systems, it is crucial to...
This paper aims to examine the importance of financial intermediation in economic activity. We also explore the effects of monetary factors and financial frictions on the relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth, the drivers...
We consider a mechanical system that is comprised of three parts: a rigid outer shell with a spherical cavity, a spherical core inside this cavity, and an intermediate layer of liquid between the core and the shell. Such a model provides an adequate...
The reduction of 4-nitropheneylferrocene with tin in acidic condition gives 4-ferrocenylaniline, which is an important intermediate for the synthesis of ferrocene-containing Schiff's base liquid crystals [1].[...]
As an important combustion aid for aerospace vehicles, subcooled liquid oxygen of high density can be used to increase loading capacity of a spacecraft. Providing a large amount of cryogenic propellant in a short time with a strict energy consumption...
We study the role of disorder in producing the metastable states in which the extent of mass localization is intermediate between that of a liquid and a crystal with long-range order. We estimate the corresponding entropy with the coarse-grained desc...
The paper presents the results of modeling the problem of injecting liquid sulfur dioxide into a porous reservoir initially saturated with methane and ice. The model presented in the paper assumes the formation of three different regions, namely the...
Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized...
Liquid crystal is an intermediate phase between the crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid, a very common substance in our daily lives. Two major classes of liquid crystal are lyotropic, where a liquid crystal is dissolved in a specific solvent un...
In the present work, we provide a comprehensive numerical investigation of the magnetic properties and phase spectra of three types of spin-1/2 branched chains consisting of one, two and three side spins per unit block with intra-chain interaction an...
In this work, three composite structures of nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) bonded with SUS630 stainless steel with different intermediate layers were fabricated by laser deposition. The microstructure and corrosion behavior of NAB in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solu...
The kinetics of water transport into tablets, and how it can be controlled by the formulation as well as the tablet microstructure, are of central importance in order to design and control the dissolution and drug release process, especially for imme...
Enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants is a new and promising remediation approach. Peroxidases are one of the most commonly used classes of enzymes to degrade organic pollutants. However, it is generally assumed that all peroxidases behave simi...
Corrected excess Gibbs energies of the liquid solutions in the ACl-ThCl4 (A = Li, Na, K), as well as revised standard enthalpies of formation and standard entropies of the intermediate phases occurring in the binary systems, are presented [...]
(4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-4-ferrocenylaniline has a free hydroxyl group and it can react with carboxylic acids to form esters and it is thus a key intermediate for the synthesis of mono-substituted ferrocenecontaining liquid crystal [1] with Schiff's ba...
In this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors...
The reaction pathway during the formation of silica via a two-component “non-aqueou” sol-gel synthesis is studied by in situ time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. This synthetic route is followed with and without the addition of the protic ionic liquid 1...
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are able to store hydrogen stably and safely in liquid form. The carrier can be loaded or unloaded with hydrogen via catalytic reactions. However, the release reaction brings certain challenges. In addition to...
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to study the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the edges of stripes of monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Experimentally, this material has been shown to evolve oxygen, albeit with low efficienc...
Molecular hydrogen, the basis of hydrogen energy, is formed in many physical and chemical processes, including the absorption of gamma-ray energy by liquid cyclohexane. From the point of view of energy consumption, the stages of gamma radiolytic form...
Elucidating amyloid formation inside biomolecular condensates requires models that resolve (i) local, chemistry specific contacts controlling β registry and (ii) mesoscale phase behavior and cluster coalescence on microsecond timescales—capabilities...
Reactive flash sintering in oxide systems is analyzed assuming the formation of a liquid film at the particle contacts at the flash onset temperature. Formation of intermediate phases, as well as phase assemblage, are predicted upon optimal condition...
This paper proposes a novel capacitive liquid metal microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inclinometer sensor and introduces its design, fabrication, and signal measurement. The sensor was constructed using three-layer substrates. A conductive liquid...
A study was undertaken of the solvolysis of pivaloyl triflate in a variety of ionic liquid:alcohol solvent mixtures. The solvolysis is a kΔ process (i.e., a process in which ionization occurs with rearrangement), and the resulting rearranged carbocat...
The Maillard reaction intermediates and related phytochemicals in garlic (Allium sativum L.), which was heated for various lengths of time, using X-band (9 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) w...
This paper investigates increased liquidity provision by market makers resulting from their ability to reduce balance sheet encumbrance through the use of central counterparties (CCPs). The introduction of the Basel III leverage rule constitutes a sh...
The temperature dependences of the kinematic viscosity during heating and cooling have been investigated in Co-B melts with a boron content of up to 30.8 at. A liquid–liquid structural transition was found, which is accompanied by an increase i...
Investigating the oxygen transport law within the Membrane Electrode Assembly at intermediate temperatures (80–120 °C) is crucial for enhancing fuel cell efficiency. This study analyzed the resistance to oxygen transport within the Membrane...
Dye intermediates are important industrial chemicals; there is a lack of systematic field experiments and relevant validation data regarding the remediation of groundwater contamination by dye intermediates. This study examines the eluting effects of...
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