Cyclic triaxial tests are widely used in laboratory studies to assess the liquefaction susceptibility of soils. Although standardized procedures exist for conducting these tests, there is no universally accepted criterion for defining liquefaction. T...
Liquefaction is a critical mechanism amplifying earthquake-induced damage, necessitating systematic hazard assessment through spatially distributed mapping. This study presents a nationwide liquefaction hazard assessment framework for South Korea, in...
Globally, lignocellulosic biomass has great potential for industrial production of materials and products, but this resource must be used in an environmentally friendly, socially acceptable and sustainable manner. Wood and agricultural residues such...
On 26 November 2019, an Mw = 6.4 earthquake struck the central-western part of Albania. Its impact comprises secondary earthquake environmental effects (EEE) and severe building damage within the Periadriatic and the Tirana Depressions. EEE comprised...
In actual marine environments, significant nonlinear changes occur during wave propagation toward the nearshore, resulting in noticeable wave asymmetry. This leads to substantial differences in seabed response and liquefaction compared to conditions...
The liquefaction of biomass is an important technology to converse the biomass into valuable biofuel. The common technologies for liquefaction of biomass are indirect liquefaction and direct liquefaction. The indirect liquefaction refers to the Fisch...
The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal res...
Biomass liquefaction is a promising thermochemical route to convert lignocellulosic residues into bio-oil. This study evaluates the liquefaction behavior of 13 biomasses with varying particle sizes (0.3–2.0 mm) and moisture contents (5–11...
A new method for evaluating the liquefaction probability of saturated soils is presented in this paper. The existing methods are mainly expressed in equation form, and the evaluation process is always complex. Therefore, to address these shortcomings...
Liquefaction conversion technology has become one of the hottest biomass conversion methods due to its flexible material selection and extensive product applications. Exploring biomass liquefaction conversion focuses on catalysts, biomass/water ratio...
Earthquake-induced liquefaction poses significant risks to urban infrastructure, yet traditional regional assessment methods are hindered by sparse geotechnical data and high-cost exploration. Based on transfer learning, this study develops a rapid a...
In seismically active regions, soil liquefaction is a serious geotechnical engineering problem that mainly occurs in saturated granular soils with a shallow groundwater table. Significant seismic hazards are present in Kamra, Pakistan. With the rapid...
Adding discrete fibres to sand has been seen as a feasible technique to improve sand’s strength as well as liquefaction resistance. Considering the anisotropic distribution of fibre orientations, the anisotropy in the liquefaction resistance of...
Since the 1960s, cyclic triaxial tests have been utilized to assess the liquefaction susceptibility of cohesionless soils. While standardized procedures exist for conducting cyclic triaxial tests, there remains no universally accepted criterion for d...
Due to the increase in global energy demand, as well as environmental concerns, hydrogen presents itself as a promising energy source. Liquid hydrogen is more suited for long-distance transportation, but hydrogen liquefaction is an energy-intensive p...
Kathmandu Valley lies in an active tectonic zone, meaning that earthquakes are common in the region. The most recent was the Gorkha Nepal earthquake, measuring 7.8 Mw. Past earthquakes caused soil liquefaction in the valley with severe damages and de...
As the energy crisis intensifies, the global demand for natural gas is growing rapidly. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology is among the delivery solutions with flexible and reliable application prospects and is already a significant field of rese...
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective technology for bio-crude production. To date, various co-liquefaction studies were performed with contrasted (different composition) biomasses in subcritical water. Therefore, the present study investig...
The transport of CO2, as a part of the carbon capture and storage chain, has received increased attention in the last decade. This paper aims to evaluate the most promising CO2 liquefaction processes that can be used for port-to-port and port–offshor...
With the accelerated development of marine engineering, a growing number of marine structures are being constructed (e.g., seabed pipelines, drilling platforms, oil platforms, wind turbines). However, seismic field investigations over recent decades...
One of the most effective and renewable utilization methods for lignocellulosic feedstocks is the transformation from solid materials to liquid products. In this work, corn stalk (CS) was liquified with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and glycerol a...
Over the past several decades, extensive research has advanced the understanding of liquefaction in clean sands and sand–silt mixtures under seismic loading. However, the influence of plastic (i.e., clayey) fines on the liquefaction behavior of...
The mechanism of liquefaction and the factors that cause liquefaction behavior have previously been examined and evaluated, both analytically and experimentally; construction including liquefaction countermeasures is being implemented, based on these...
Direct coal liquefaction has been studied and practiced since the 1930s. It was used in Germany during World War II to produce synthetic fuels when there was no oil allowed into the country. Since then, it has been studied in the United States and ma...
In complex marine environments, the wave-induced instantaneous liquefaction of the seabed is a key issue for the long-term safety control of marine structures. Existing computational frameworks for instantaneous liquefaction result in unreasonable te...
Free-spanning submarine pipelines are usually affected by vortex-induced vibration (VIV). Such vibration could influence the liquefaction of the supporting soil at both ends of the free spans and could have catastrophic consequences, including the fa...
Soil-liquefaction-related hazards can damage structures or lead to an extensive loss of life and property. Therefore, the stability and safety of structures against soil liquefaction are essential for evaluation in earthquake design. In practice, the...
Soil liquefaction may cause severe damages to structures mainly in terms of lateral spread and settlements, as documented during historical earthquakes. Liquefaction-potential (LP) estimation has become an important issue in seismic assessment, and t...
As a novel, renewable, and efficient source of energy, offshore wind power has attracted many scholars across the globe. Studies show that offshore wind power significantly enhances the liquefaction resistance of marine saturated sand foundations exp...
Biomass liquefaction is a well-known and extensively described process. Hydrothermal processes are well understood and can be used in the fuel industry. The use of organic solvents can result in full-fledged products for use in the synthesis of polyu...
Soil liquefaction remains a critical geotechnical hazard during earthquakes, posing significant risks to infrastructure and urban resilience. Traditional empirical methods, while practical, often fall short in capturing complex parameter interactions...
Long-term vibrations from metro trains can cause liquefaction of water-rich sandy soil foundations, affecting the safety of operational tunnels. However, existing liquefaction studies mainly focus on seismic loads, and the macro-meso-mechanical mecha...
The evaluation of localized soil-liquefaction potential is based primarily on the individual evaluation of the liquefaction potential in each borehole, followed by calculating the liquefaction-potential index between boreholes through Kriging interpo...
Hydrogen used as an energy carrier can provide an important route to the decarbonization of energy supplies, but realizing this opportunity will require both significantly increased production and transportation capacity. One route to increased trans...
This paper presents the results of the subsurface investigation and liquefaction assessment of the Petobo flowslide, induced by soil liquefaction during the Mw 7.5 Palu–Donggala earthquake of Indonesia on 28 September 2018. The investigations,...
The efficient liquefaction of cellulose is a critical technological pathway for the energy utilization of biomass. This study constructed a plasma electrolytic liquefaction experimental system based on the principle of liquid phase surface arc discha...
This paper presents a comprehensive machine learning (ML) framework for predicting liquefaction risk, a crucial aspect of seismic hazard assessment. A benchmark geotechnical dataset with multi-dimensional input features was used to evaluate several M...
Biomethane liquefaction may help decarbonization in heavy transportation and other hard-to-abate sectors. Small-scale liquefaction plants (<10 ton/day) are suitable for small biogas plants located near farms and other agricultural activities. &ldq...
This paper is focused on the evaluation of the liquefaction hazard for different sites in Romania. To this aim, a database of 139 ground motions recorded during Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes having moment magnitudes MW ≥ 6.0 is employed f...
Considering its clean and environmental characteristics, natural gas has gradually attracted attention from countries around the world. China’s coal-to-gas project has significantly increased the country’s demand for, and supply of, natur...
For vessel-based transport of liquid CO2 in carbon capture and storage chains, transport at 8 bar(a) enable significant cost reductions compared to transport at higher pressures for most transport distances and volumes. Transport at even lower pressu...
Earthquake-induced liquefaction is always a concern when the soil near the surface of a site is composed of relatively loose saturated sand. One of liquefaction mitigation methods is to induce gas bubbles into the deposit to reduce the degree of satu...
Effects of the recycle solvent hydrotreatment on oil yield of direct coal liquefaction were carried out in the 0.18 t/day direct coal liquefaction bench support unit of National Engineering Laboratory for Direct Coal Liquefaction (China). Results sho...
The frequency of ground motions during earthquakes is typically in the order of a few hertz. As the earthquake-induced liquefaction of soils is widely assessed by performing laboratory tests, it is necessary to consider various loading frequencies ge...
This study presents a validated numerical investigation into the seismic liquefaction potential of fine-grained reclaimed sediments commonly encountered in coastal, containment, and reclamation projects. Fine-grained reclaimed sediments pose a partic...
Eucalyptus globulus forest residues, bark, and branches, were characterized by wet chemistry methods and involved in the liquefaction process using a glycerol-ethylene glycol reaction mixture (1:1, v/v) catalyzed by strong mineral acid (3% H2SO4) or...
An environmentally friendly liquefaction of wood powder was prepared by atmospheric pressure liquefaction technology to replace the non-renewable petroleum polyols in the preparation of polyurethane foam composites. The liquefaction time varied from...
One of the important tasks in sand liquefaction assessment is to evaluate the likelihood of soil liquefaction. However, most liquefaction assessment methods are deterministic for influencing factors and fail to calculate the liquefaction probability...
Liquefaction is a significant challenge in the fields of earthquake risk assessment and soil dynamics, as it has the potential to cause extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure through ground failure. During the 2011 Great East Japan Earthqua...
Liquefaction in urban areas has repeatedly caused severe damage to infrastructure, including manhole uplift, road subsidence, and failure of buried utility lines, as evidenced by reports during major earthquakes such as the 1964 Niigata earthquake an...
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