68 Results Found

Roads are currently essential links of communication and economic development. However, these roads are progressively requiring higher quality materials, implying a greater impact on the environment, in order to withstand the high levels of heavy veh...

The research study described in this paper investigated the potential to use steel furnace slag (SFS) as a stabilizing additive for clayey soils. Even though SFS has limited applications in civil engineering infrastructure due to the formation of del...

Cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion is a good environmental option for road conservation. The technique produces lower CO2 emissions because the product is manufactured and spread in the same location as the previous infrastructure, and its...

The construction sector is one of the most demanding sectors for materials that exist today. Therefore, in order to avoid the extraction of new raw materials, it is necessary to use waste. This waste must present a series of physical and chemical cha...

The construction sector is one of the most demanding of raw materials that exist at present. In turn, the greenhouse gas emissions that it produces are important. Therefore, at present there are several lines of research in which industrial by-produc...

Electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) represents 80% of the electric arc furnace slag generated. Recently, EAFOS has been utilized as high value-added functional aggregate in a growing number of cases for the construction of air-cooling technol...

Fluorine-bearing refining slag (FBS) is used to produce axle steel for electric multiple unit vehicles. To avoid environmental pollution caused by fluorine, a fluorine-free ladle furnace slag (FFS) was designed based on an industrial FBS. The effects...

Alkali activation is studied as a potential technology to produce a group of high performance building materials from industrial residues such as metallurgical slag. Namely, slags containing aluminate and silicate form a useful solid material when ac...

A circular approach to managing resources that will promote their reuse and recycling is nowadays of crucial importance for a sustainable society. In this regard, the substitution of natural aggregates by steel slag in construction materials represen...

The addition of Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) to concrete modifies its compressive strength and modulus of elasticity and consequently impacts their relationship. This research evaluated both properties at 28, 90, and 180 days in concrete mixes produced w...

In this study, the engineering properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and alkali-activated slag (AAS) mortar with electric arc furnace ladle slag (EAFLS) were investigated to reveal the effects of EAFLS on the expansion of cementitious mortars....

This study investigates the potential of producing zero-clinker, alkali-activated binders and concrete entirely from industrial by-products—ladle furnace slag (LFS), coal ash (CA), and cement kiln dust (CKD). The incorporation of CKD enhanced t...

Environmental considerations and technical benefits have directed research towards reducing cement clinker content in concrete, and one of the best ways to do this is to replace cement with supplementary cementitious materials. High calcium fly ash,...

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is a hazardous by-product of waste incineration. The objective of this research is to encapsulate the chloride in MSWIFA and to develop a utilizable construction material using MSWIFA, ground granul...

Ladle furnace slag (LFS), a by-product of steel refining, shows a promising reuse pathway as an alternative additive or substitute for Portland cement due to its high alkalinity and similar chemical composition to clinkers. However, LFS is often stor...

Integrating industrial wastes into soils to enhance their properties is a potential solution to current waste management challenges. Since the current literature lacks systematic studies on the mechanical performance of mixtures of soil, ladle furnac...

Road construction is an activity that involves a large consumption of raw materials, with the consequent high environmental impact. For this reason, various research projects are being developed in which waste is used as a raw material for bituminous...

Ladle furnace slag (LFS) is a by-product of a steel plant. As the chemical composition and free lime (f-CaO) content of each batch of slag are significantly different, it is difficult to use the same operation method to recover LFS. In this study, th...

The application of electric arc furnace ladle slag (EAF ladle slag) in cement products might be limited due to the volume expansion and volume instability created by late hydration. Proper control technique should be developed before the reuse of lad...

Old metallurgical dumps across Europe represent a loss of valuable land and a potential threat to the environment, especially to groundwater (GW). The Javornik electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle slag heap, situated in Slovenia, was investigated in...

The type of steel furnace slag (SFS), including electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag, and argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag, can significantly affect the composite properties when...

Ladle furnace slag (LFS) is used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) due to its high calcium oxide (CaO) content. Its binding properties are enhanced in the presence of siliceous materials, such as metakaolin (MK), forming a ternary mixtur...

The inclusion of the MgO·Al2O3 (MA) spinel and CaO–Al2O3 are occasionally observed during the refining of Al–killed steel, even without the intentional additions of Ca and Mg. Many studies have focused on the source of Mg and Ca; however, especially...

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the productio...

Steel slags are solid residual materials formed as by-products throughout the process of steel production within the steelmaking industry. These wastes have good physical properties such as high stiffness and friction angle for use as road fill mater...

This paper uses polyoxyethylene alkyether sulphate (PAS) to form foam via pre-foaming method, which is then incorporated into geopolymer based on fly ash and ladle furnace slag. In the literature, only PAS-geopolymer foams made with single precursor...

The fatigue life of bearing steel is closely related to the total oxygen content (T(O)) of the liquid steel. In order to stably and effectively control the T(O) during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process, we established a calculation model of opt...

Mixing municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) with industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) can lead to a hardened system which can encapsulate the heavy metals present in t...

This paper elucidates the influence of borax decahydrate addition on the flexural and thermal properties of 10 mm thin fly ash/ladle furnace slag (FAS) geopolymers. The borax decahydrate (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%) was incorporated to produce FAB geopolyme...

In this work, a novel method for the disposal of ladle furnace slag (LFS) and soda residue (SR) was proposed. By applying geopolymer technology, LFS and SR were used as precursors to manufacture a geopolymer with sufficient fresh and mechanical prope...

In order to consider both the refining efficiency of the ladle furnace (LF) and the quality of molten steel, the water model experiment is carried out. In this study, the single factor analysis, central composite design principle, response surface me...

The reconstruction of buildings is a complex process that often requires the consideration of the construction load when selecting correct building materials. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC)—which has a lower bulk density (compared to traditi...

Ladle slag, a byproduct of steel manufacturing, exhibits inherent reactivity and undergoes hydration when exposed to water. Nevertheless, these reaction byproducts often remain metastable, leading to microstructural alterations when incorporated into...

Inclusion removal and modification of C96V saw wire steel using Na2O- and Rb2O- containing novel low-basicity LF (ladle furnace) Refining Slags have been researched. The results indicated that the addition of Na2O deteriorates inclusion removal; by c...

High-strength tire cord steel is mainly used in radial ply tires, but the presence of brittle Ti inclusions can cause failure of the wires and jeopardize their performance in production. In order to control the titanium content during steel productio...

In recent decades, much research on new materials for civil engineering has emerged [...]

The influence of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature on the hydration products and carbonation efficiency of Al-rich LF slag was investigated. The results showed that the carbonation efficiency was strongly dependent on the morphology of hydration...

The carbonation of alkaline industrial wastes is a pressing issue that is aimed at reducing CO2 emissions while promoting a circular economy. In this study, we explored the direct aqueous carbonation of steel slag and cement kiln dust in a newly deve...

CO2 emitted from building materials and the construction materials industry has reached about 67 million tons. Controls on the use of consumed fossil fuels and the reduction of emission gases are essential for the reduction of CO2 in the construction...

The construction industry needs to reduce greenhouse gases, in which cement production is currently responsible for generating between 4% and 6% of the total CO2 released into the atmosphere. Similarly, many industries produce large amounts of solid...

A circular economy is a current tenet that must be implemented in the field of construction. That would imply the study of the possibilities of the use of waste generated, for obtaining materials the used in construction as replacements for the raw m...

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) represent a promising alternative to conventional building materials and ceramics. Being produced in large amounts as aluminosilicate-rich secondary products, such as slags, they can be utilized for the formulation o...

This paper is part of a research line focused on the reduction of the use of cement in the industry. In this work, the study of work methodologies for the manufacture of green cementitious grout mixtures is studied. Grout is widely used in constructi...

The variation of total oxygen (T.O) content, characterization of inclusions, slag composition, and off-gas behavior during the smelting process of silicon-deoxidization bearing steel were investigated with industrial experiments. The change of conten...

The state of a blast furnace hearth, especially the liquid level of hot metal and slag during the tapping process, is of crucial importance with respect to a long campaign blast furnace. In practice, the state of the hearth is evaluated mainly by the...

Steel slag is a by-product obtained through the separation of molten steel from impurities in steel-making furnaces. It can be produced by different types of furnaces (blast, basic oxygen, electric arc, ladle furnaces). The reuse of metallurgical sla...

The article deals with studying the antimicrobial efficiency of finely ground metallurgical slags, such as granulated blast-furnace slag with specific surface areas of 340 (1Sa) and 520 m2/kg (1Sb), air cooled blast-furnace slag (2S), demetallized st...

Building construction and building operations have a massive direct and indirect effect on the environment. Cement-based materials will remain essential to supply the growth of our built environment. Without preventive measures, this necessary demand...

The chemical environment and the internal conditions of the furnaces and ladles are extremely aggressive for the refractories, so metallurgical industries demand refractory linings with greater durability and resistance to avoid unforeseen stoppages...

Alkali-activated building materials have attracted the interest of many researchers due to their low cost and eco-efficiency. Different binders with different chemical compositions can be used for their production, so the reaction mechanism can becom...