Search Results (103)

Most academic papers on Jordanian colloquial Arabic allophonic consonant variants have primarily examined their influence on the social status of speakers and their role in shaping linguistic prestige. However, there is a significant lack of research exploring the potential for manipulation and establishment of power through the deliberate use of consonantal variants by Jordanian speakers in Arabic. Using a variety of allophonic consonantal variants, this study investigates how speakers of Jordanian colloquial Arabic attempt to construct their discourse of power. The targeted phonemes in the current study were /q/, /θ/, /ð/, and /k/. Focus groups were used to gather data, which were then examined within the framework of Fairclough’s technologized discourse and thematic approaches. Twenty persons, 10 women and 10 men, ranging in age from 18 to 45 years, comprised each of the two groups. The duration of each focus group session was 50 min. Analysis of the data indicates that the presence of [q], [θ], [ð], and [k] allophones in Standard Arabic is restricted to particular social circumstances, such as official and scientific environments. This usage is a common trait among those who have received formal education and privileged social standing. The findings also reveal that participants strategically utilize the allophonic variants [g], [ʔ], [k], [t̪], [d̪], and [tʃ] to exert influence over interlocutors by demonstrating authority related to social identity, gender, and emotional state. This study intends to advance discussions on allophonic consonant variants in Jordanian colloquial Arabic by providing insights into their manipulative functions. Full article

Cardiogenic shock (CS) in the setting of severe aortic stenosis (AS) presents a critical and high-risk scenario with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), initially reserved for inoperable or high-risk surgical candidates, is increasingly being considered in patients with CS due to improvements in device technology, operator experience, and supportive care. This review synthesizes current evidence from large registries, observational studies, and meta-analyses that support the feasibility, safety, and potential survival benefit of urgent or emergent TAVI in selected CS patients. Procedural success is high, and early intervention appears to confer improved short-term and mid-term outcomes compared to balloon aortic valvuloplasty or medical therapy alone. Critical factors influencing prognosis include lactate levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, renal function, and timing of intervention. The absence of formal guidelines, logistical constraints, and ethical concerns complicate decision-making in this unstable population. A multidisciplinary Heart Team/Shock Team approach is essential to identify appropriate candidates, manage procedural risk, and guide post-intervention care. Further studies and the development of TAVI-specific risk models in CS are anticipated to refine patient selection and therapeutic strategies. TAVI may represent a transformative option for stabilizing hemodynamics and improving outcomes in this otherwise high-mortality group. Full article

Background/Objectives: Early experiences can significantly influence brain development, particularly when they occur during specific time windows known as sensitive or critical periods. Therefore, the early promotion of neurodevelopmental functions is crucial in children at risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as those with cerebral palsy. This article introduces AMIRA (A Multidimensional and Integrated Rehabilitation Approach), a rehabilitative framework designed for infants at risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Methods: AMIRA is intended to guide clinical–rehabilitation reasoning rather than prescribe a rigid sequence of predetermined activities for the child. The theoretical foundation and structure of AMIRA are presented by formalizing its criteria, objectives, tools, and intervention procedures. The framework comprises four distinct sections, each supported by adaptive strategies to facilitate access to materials and to promote play-based interactions among the child, their environment, and communication partners. Particular attention is given to optimizing both micro- and macro-environments for children with, or at risk of, co-occurring visual impairment. Each rehabilitative section includes three progressive phases: an initial observation phase, a facilitation phase to support the child’s engagement, and an active experimentation phase that gradually introduces more challenging tasks. Results: The intervention pathways in AMIRA are organized according to six core developmental domains: behavioral–emotional self-regulation, visual function, postural–motor skills, praxis, interaction and communication, and cognitive function. These are outlined in structured charts that serve as flexible guidelines rather than prescriptive protocols. Each chart presents activities of increasing complexity aligned with typical developmental milestones up to 24 months of age. For each specific ability, the corresponding habilitation goals, contextual recommendations (including environmental setup, objects, and tools), and suggested activities are provided. Conclusions: This study presents a detailed intervention approach, offering both a practical framework and a structured set of activities for use in rehabilitative settings. Further studies will explore the efficacy of the proposed standardized approach. Full article

We propose a novel interpretability framework that integrates instance-wise feature selection with causal reasoning to explain decisions made by black-box image classifiers. Instead of relying on feature importance or mutual information, our method identifies input regions that exert the greatest causal influence on model predictions. Causal influence is formalized using a structural causal model and quantified via a conditional mutual information term. To optimize this objective efficiently, we employ continuous subset sampling and the matrix-based Rényi’s $\alpha$-order entropy functional. The resulting explanations are compact, semantically meaningful, and causally grounded. Experiments across multiple vision datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing baselines in terms of predictive fidelity. Full article

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by atypical behavioural and cognitive diversity, yet the neural underpinnings linking brain activity and individual presentations remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal complexity and intelligence (full-scale intelligence quotient (FIQ); verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ); and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ)) in male adults with ASD (n = 14) and matched neurotypical controls (n = 15). Methods: We used three complexity-based metrics: Hurst exponent (H), fuzzy approximate entropy (fApEn), and fuzzy sample entropy (fSampEn) to characterise resting-state fMRI signal dynamics, and correlated these measures with standardised intelligence scores. Results: Using a whole-brain measure, ASD participants showed significant negative correlations between PIQ and both fApEn and fSampEn, suggesting that increased neural irregularity may relate to reduced cognitive–perceptual performance in autistic individuals. No significant associations between entropy (fApEn and fSampEn) and PIQ were found in the control group. Group differences in brain–behaviour associations were confirmed through formal interaction testing using Fisher’s r-to-z transformation, which showed significantly stronger correlations in the ASD group. Complementary regression analyses with interaction terms further demonstrated that the entropy (fApEn and fSampEn) and PIQ relationship was significantly moderated by group, reinforcing evidence for autism-specific neural mechanisms underlying cognitive function. Conclusions: These findings provide insight into how cognitive functions in autism may not only reflect deficits but also an alternative neural strategy, suggesting that distinct temporal patterns may be associated with intelligence in ASD. These preliminary findings could inform clinical practice and influence health and social care policies, particularly in autism diagnosis and personalised support planning. Full article

We have conducted a first-time investigation into the multiferroic properties and band gap behavior of ${\mathrm{CuFeO}}_2$ doped with Al, Ga, and In ions at the Fe site, employing a microscopic model and Green’s function formalism. The tunability of the band gap across a broad energy spectrum highlights the potential of perovskite materials for advanced applications, including photovoltaics, photodetectors, lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-energy particle sensors. The disparity in ionic radii between the dopant and host ions introduces local lattice distortions, leading to modifications in the exchange interaction parameters. As a result, the influence of ion doping on various properties of ${\mathrm{CuFeO}}_2$ has been elucidated at microscopic level. Our findings indicate that Al doping enhances magnetization and reduces the band gap energy. In contrast, doping with Ga or In results in a decrease in magnetization and an increase in band gap energy. Additionally, it is demonstrated that ferroelectric polarization can be induced either via external magnetic fields or by Al substitution at the Fe site. The theoretical results show good qualitative agreement with experimental data, confirming the validity of the proposed model and method. Full article

This paper presents research on the origin, scope, evolution, and rationale of knowledge about polynomials in high school mathematics. Within the framework of the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic, Croatian high school curricula and textbooks were analyzed, and four models of knowledge to be taught were identified in the period following the formal abandonment of New Math principles. None of the identified models provides a unified discourse that integrates knowledge about polynomials transposed from scholarly domains of algebra and mathematical analysis. In relation to other curricular content the knowledge about polynomials has two-fold importance: (1) contributing to the development of various techniques related to high school algebra and calculus; (2) serving as a fundamental example in the formation of the notion of a function. Thus, the observed reduction in polynomial content over the analyzed period affects both practical and theoretical knowledge. The findings suggest that curricular changes have primarily focused on the selection of knowledge, with scarce adaptations of knowledge to be taught compared to the knowledge before each curricular change. This has led to a persistent gap between algebraic and analytical approaches to polynomials, potentially influencing the learned knowledge even among the highest-achieving students. Despite polynomials’ epistemological and didactical potential to bridge high school algebra and calculus, their restriction to specific forms of algebraic expressions and linear and quadratic functions contributes more to the fragmentation of high school mathematics. Full article

This study examines, within the broader context of historical and cultural influences from Byzantine and Western canonical traditions, the canonical and theological treatment of physical disabilities as impediments to the priesthood within modern Orthodox Canon Law. It shows how traditional Orthodox Canon Law, particularly influenced by medieval Roman Catholic canonical understanding, has historically emphasised physical integrity as a requirement for ordination. The study critically examines historical and contemporary canonical attitudes towards candidates with hearing, speech, or visual impairments or with locomotor disability through the analysis of Apostolic canons, Canons of Ecumenical Councils, and later canonical sources. The methods include a critical canonical and historical analysis of primary sources such as the Canons, patristic writings, and synodal legislation, with particular reference to the initiatives of the Romanian Orthodox Church in the modern cultural and pastoral context. The study observes that, although such impairments continue to be recognised as canonical impediments according to traditional Orthodox law, contemporary ecclesial practice increasingly reflects a pastoral sensitivity that allows, in certain contexts, for the inclusion of persons with disabilities in ordained ministry. This is typically achieved through adaptations that preserve the integrity of liturgical function, such as assistance from co-ministers or specialised training. These developments, while not amounting to a formal canonical revision, signal a broader pastoral and ecclesiological openness toward the integration of persons with disabilities within the life of the Church. Full article

Marriage is a social contract that carries a number of qualities recognized as having fundamental values. These qualities include a spiritual bond between spouses, mutual love, affection, and responsibility, the continuation of the generation, and the existence of social order. The social definition of marriage implies that it is a phenomenon that occurs not only between two individuals in the context of cultural continuity but also in other social structures. It evolves into a structure that encompasses not only the initial two families but also the broader societal context. In Islamic marriage, a contract is formalized between a man and a woman who meet the religious requirements for marriage. The contract is executed with their consent and in the presence of witnesses. However, from a cultural perspective, marriage embodies a multifaceted structure, influenced by religion, ritual practices, symbols, and traditions. In this study, topics such as oral culture, wedding traditions, and rituals are discussed, and cultural practices are interpreted. This study sheds light on the manner in which marriage rites influence the discourse and actions within the social structure. Such studies are of paramount importance in demonstrating the continuity and vitality of culture, as well as the transformative nature of ritual meanings over time. They underscore the notion that culture is an ever-evolving process of interpretation, a characteristic that is intrinsic to its very essence. These actions, inextricably linked to societal structures, have the potential to give rise to novel symbolic meanings and values at any given juncture. However, it is imperative to recognize that the mere analysis of texts representing oral culture products is insufficient for comprehending their ritual functions, social messages, and emotional dimensions. Consequently, an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates the study of transitional rituals and oral culture is necessary to achieve a more comprehensive understanding. By examining cultural elements from diverse perspectives, we can develop a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cultural diversity in Anatolia. Full article

In today’s evolving society, meaningful development cannot be fully realized without acknowledging the vital role of the electronics sector, especially as it functions within informal markets. These markets have become more than just centers of commerce; they serve as informal learning grounds where many young people acquire entrepreneurial skills, develop resilience, and find alternatives to social vices. For many, informal entrepreneurship is not just an option but a means of survival and self-empowerment. Despite their growing relevance, the link between the entrepreneurial abilities nurtured in these informal markets and actual business performance has not been adequately examined. This study, therefore, aimed to explore how informal electronics entrepreneurs in a developing economy navigate their environment, overcome challenges, and create wealth through vision, innovation, and calculated risk-taking. Anchored in institutional theory, the research employed a qualitative approach, using cluster, purposive, and simple random sampling to select participants from key informal business units. Interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using QSR NVivo 12, allowing for deep insight into the lived experiences of the entrepreneurs. Findings revealed that 78% of participants emphasized practical suggestions that aid informal business survival, such as customer-driven innovations, adaptive strategies, and avoiding confrontations with regulatory agencies. Key attributes such as foresight, adaptability, and risk management accounted for 66% of the variance in corporate success. Strategic and innovative approaches are enabling informal firms to endure and prosper, since 61% of respondents associated these competencies with organizational success. The new BSP framework, which integrates institutional and contingency theories, illustrates how informal enterprises endure by conforming to or opposing institutional pressures and adjusting to environmental changes. The results indicate that, when properly understood and supported, the informal electronics sector may develop sustainably. This study demonstrates that informal entrepreneurship is influenced by formal regulations, informal norms, and local enforcement mechanisms, therefore enhancing institutional theory and elucidating business behavior in developing nations. The Business Survival Paradigm [BSP] illustrates how informal enterprises navigate institutional obstacles to endure. It advocates for policies that integrate the official and informal sectors while fostering sustainable development. The paper advocates for ongoing market research to assist informal firms in remaining up-to-date. It implores authorities to acknowledge the innovative potential of the informal sector and to provide supportive frameworks for sustainable growth and formal transition where feasible. Full article

Background: Polypharmacy, commonly defined as the use of five or more medications, is a growing concern in hospitals due to its association with adverse drug reactions, functional decline, and increased healthcare costs. Proactive deprescribing, which involves the planned discontinuation of unnecessary or potentially harmful medications, can optimise medication use. However, multiple barriers hinder its implementation. Saudi Arabia offers a unique context for deprescribing due to strong family roles in care, prevalent prescribing norms, and ongoing shifts toward value-based healthcare. This study explores the barriers and facilitators to proactive deprescribing among physicians in Saudi hospitals using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). The TDF was used as it effectively identifies behavioural factors influencing clinical decision making in practice. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 purposively sampled physicians experienced in managing polypharmacy. The interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically, with behavioural determinants identified and categorised according to the 14 domains of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TDF). Results: Enablers included the availability of deprescribing guidelines, decision–support tools, interprofessional collaboration, and institutional backing. Physicians with specialised training expressed greater confidence in conducting deprescribing. Identified barriers included limited time, heavy workload, absence of standardised protocols, medico-legal concerns, resistance from patients and caregivers, and lack of formal training. These factors were categorised under seven key TDF domains, with Environmental Context and Resources, Social Influences, and Beliefs About Capabilities identified as the most influential in shaping physicians’ deprescribing practices. Interactions between factors were observed, where supportive environments and collaborative teams helped offset key barriers such as time constraints, legal concerns, and patient resistance. Conclusions: This study identified key behavioural and contextual factors influencing proactive deprescribing in Saudi hospital settings. Addressing barriers such as heavy workload, medico-legal concerns, and lack of standardised protocols through targeted interventions, including clinician training, institutional support, and multidisciplinary collaboration, may facilitate the integration of deprescribing into routine practice. The findings offer context-specific insights to inform future efforts aimed at improving medication safety and optimising prescribing in the Saudi healthcare system. Full article

The Nikiforov–Uvarov functional analysis (NUFA) formalism is employed to study approximately the eigensolutions of the Schrodinger equation with the Pöschl–Teller-like pseudo-harmonic oscillator (PTPO). The variations in the energy spectra and the wave functions as a function of the screening parameters for different quantum states were investigated. With the energy expression of PTPO, the partition function and other thermodynamic function were obtained as a function of temperature for different values of the screening parameters using the Euler–Maclaurin formula. Using the Hellmann–Feynman theorem (HFT), we evaluate the expectation values of PTPO numerically and graphically for various values of the screening parameters and quantum states. It is observed that the eigensolutions, thermodynamic functions and expectation values of PTPO system are influenced by quantum states, screening parameters and temperature. Full article

The influence of educators’ demographic characteristics on learner academic performance has garnered attention, particularly in developing countries. However, gaps remain in understanding the relationship between demographic factors, professional qualifications, and student academic performance, especially in under-resourced educational environments; this study examines the impact of educator demographics and qualifications on learner performance. The study investigates four key objectives: (i) analysing the relationship between educator qualifications and learner academic performance, (ii) evaluating the effect of educator demographic factors on learner academic performance, (iii) comparing the relative influence of demographic characteristics and professional qualifications, and (iv) assessing the validity of Mincer’s Earnings Function in capturing diminishing returns to experience. Using secondary data from the South African School Administration and Management System (SA-SAMS), this study examines 70 educators across five secondary schools. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model is employed for estimation, with Robust Least Squares (RLS) used as a validation technique to ensure result consistency. The empirical results reveal that teaching experience and gender significantly influence learner performance, whereas age and formal qualifications exhibit no statistical effect. The findings further confirm diminishing returns to experience, indicating that while teaching experience enhances academic performance, its marginal impact declines beyond a certain threshold. Full article

In Japanese organizations, those who join earlier are called senpai (seniors), those who join later are kohai (juniors), and those who join in the same year are called doki (peers). The relationships among senpai, kohai, and doki function as an informal hierarchical structure working in tandem with the formal job-based organizational hierarchy. These relationships are deeply rooted in unique Japanese concepts, such as ba, the Confucian cultural tradition that influenced the formation of Japanese society, and the historical background of large organizations in modern Japan. Specifically, the seamless school-to-work transition due to the batch hiring of new graduates every April creates a similar hierarchical structure to that of senpai, kohai, and dokyusei (classmates) in schools. The balance between the formal job-based hierarchy and informal seniority-based (senpai–kohai–doki) hierarchy has been the base of the stable and harmonious organizational characteristics that enable effective knowledge management and efficient operations but poses challenges in adapting to new environments. Full article

The budgeted influence maximization (BIM) problem aims to select an optimal subset of nodes, each with a unique selection cost, to maximize the influence in a network under a fixed budget. Most existing methods address static networks with constant node infection states, but usually dismiss the dynamic interaction of competing emotions within the network. This work extends the BIM problem to account for dynamic emotional competitions. Specifically, we first formally formulate the BIM problem in a competitive environment where emotions dynamically influence and transform each other over time. Then, we introduce a local structure-sensitive heuristic function designed to evaluate a node’s influence potential in a competitive environment. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic mutation particle swarm optimization (HMPSO) algorithm to identify a set of high-impact nodes, thereby maximizing desirable information spread. Experimental results conducted on two real-world networks demonstrate that the HMPSO algorithm outperforms existing advanced methods for the BIM problem. Full article