36,721 Results Found

This paper introduces the author’s practice-based research and the developed pioneering methods of application of printing inclusions and metal inclusions in glass. It also describes and examines the problems occurring during the application of...

Tinplate is widely used in food packaging and chemical packaging. Industrial production continues to reduce the thickness of tinplate steel, which puts higher requirements on the control of inclusions. In this study, compared with traditional detecti...

Fifty kilogram-scale electroslag remelting (ESR) experiments using slag with different TiO₂ contents in an electroslag furnace were performed to investigate the size, amount and types of inclusions in an electrode and remelted ingots. The results sho...

Currently, Zambia is one of the world’s major emerald-producing countries. In this study, emerald samples from Kamakanga, Zambia, were systematically analyzed by standard gemological tests, microscopic observation, Raman spectroscopy test of mi...

To study the effect of Al₂O₃ inclusions on pitting corrosion in steel, our researchers utilized industrial pure iron as the raw material with the addition of a proper amount of pure aluminum powder to form Al₂O₃ inclusions. Corrosion experiments were...

This paper focuses on a system of differential inclusions expressing hemivariational inequalities driven by competing operators constructed with p-Laplacians that involve two real parameters. The existence of a generalized solution is shown by means...

15-5PH stainless steel castings are key components in fracturing trucks. However, DS-type inclusions can lead to fatigue failure of the material. To elucidate the formation mechanism of large-size DS-type inclusions, the evolution, growth, and aggreg...

Manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusion in steel is related to the machinability of steel. Controlling the type and shape of MnS inclusion has been a problem for the steelmaking process for a long time. The effect of tellurium (Te) treatment on the control...

The effect of N content on the characteristics and formation of inclusions in the Fe-5Mn-3Al steels was investigated in this study. Two synthetic steel melts were produced by two different methods—N₂ gas purging and injecting—to introduce...

In this work, the coarsening mechanisms of CaS inclusions in liquid steel were investigated by analyzing inclusions in experimental and industrial samples. A detailed particle size distribution evolution was reported. The observed CaS coarsening rate...

Distribution of inclusions plays an essential role in inducing intracrystalline ferrite, and the migration behavior of inclusions during solidification has a significant influence on their distribution. The solidification process of DH36 (ASTMA36) st...

To study the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in 27SiMn steel, the 27SiMn steel produced using the LD-LF-CCM process was sampled in various stages in a steel factory. The evolutionary behavior of inclusion in various processes was systematically...

The term “demantoid”, first proposed in 1856 by the famous Finnish mineralogist Nils von Nordensheld, refers to a highly dispersed yellow-green mineral from the Central Urals placers. In 1874, it was found to be a gem variety of andradite garnet. “Ho...

In this work, we provide several applications of (a, k)-regularized C-resolvent families to the abstract impulsive Volterra integro-differential inclusions. The resolvent operator families under our consideration are subgenerated by multivalued linea...

The aluminum oxide inclusions in SWRS82B steel seriously affect the drawing performance of the steel strand. In this study, the influence of different additions of cerium (within the range of 0–0.034%) on the composition, morphology, size, numb...

With the development of clean steel technology, the control of non-metallic inclusions in steel is of increasing importance. Magnesium–calcium treatment can effectively balance the castability of molten steel and the control on inclusion size, which...

The effect of rare-earth Ce on the evolution behaviour of inclusions in heavy rail steel was studied. The addition of Ce can significantly reduce the number and size of class A, B, D, and Ds inclusions in the heavy rail steel smelting process. Accord...

The role of heterogeneous phases in the localized corrosion of materials is an emerging area of research. This work addresses the detrimental role MnS inclusions play in the localized corrosion of carbon steels. We report the results of surface and b...

In this paper, we study a class of Caputo fractional q-difference inclusions in Banach spaces. We obtain some existence results by using the set-valued analysis, the measure of noncompactness, and the fixed point theory (Darbo and Mönch’s...

Considerable research has been conducted over recent decades on the role of non‑metallic inclusions and their link to the machinability of different steels. The present work reviews the mechanisms of steel fractures during different mechanical machin...

Trace element arsenic is detrimental to the quality and properties of steel products. We used lanthanum to modify the distribution of arsenic by the formation of arsenic rare earth inclusions and investigated all inclusions on the full profile of the...

We obtained results on the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution for a fractional-order semi-linear differential inclusion in a Hilbert space whose right-hand side contains an unbounded linear monotone operator and a Carathéodory-type mu...

The paper considers the possibility of changing the morphology of inclusions in diamonds based on the study of these inclusions and the inclusion–diamond boundary. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods were used. Accor...

To study the influence of inclusions on the fracture evolution and mechanical properties of mortar structures, a series of uniaxial compression tests for mortar samples containing cylinder inclusions of varying mechanical properties were conducted. T...

Typical parallel fractures are often observed in the outcrops of inclusions in the field. To reveal the failure mechanism of inclusions embedded in rock matrix, a series of heterogeneous models are established and tested based on the damage mechanics...

Topaz is a kind of mineral with variable composition and a common gemstone variety. Because of its wide distribution and rich colors, it has attracted the attention of scholars around the world. In this paper, the composition, spectral, and gemologic...

Thickness of lipid bilayer membranes is a key physical parameter determining membrane permeability and stability with respect to formation of through pores. Most membrane inclusions or impurities like amphipathic peptides, transmembrane peptides, lip...

Currently, most of the popular spinels in the jewellery market come from Myanmar and Tajikistan. It is well known that provenance is one of the main factors affecting the value of a gemstone, and the geographic origin of a gemstone can be determined...

Suitable MnS inclusions in gear steel can significantly improve the steel machinability and reduce the manufacturing costs. Two gear steel samples with different sulphur contents were prepared via aluminium deoxidation followed by calcium treatment....

The effect of calcium treatment on inclusions in H08A welding rod steel was studied by industrial experiment and using thermodynamics theory. The effects of inclusion composition, morphology, quantity, and size in H08A welding rod steel before and af...

New findings of silicate-melt inclusions in two alluvial diamonds (from the Kholomolokh placer, northeastern Siberian Platform) are reported. Both diamonds exhibit a high degree of N aggregation state (60–70% B) suggesting their long residence...

The development of free-cutting steel is inseparable from the development of environmentally friendly alloy elements and the control of inclusions shape. Alloying elements can affect the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of inclusion, w...

Here, we consider a stationary inclusion in a real Hilbert space X, governed by a set of constraints K, a nonlinear operator A, and an element $f\in X$. Under appropriate assumptions on the data, the inclusion has a unique solution, denoted by u. We...

Inclusions are one of the important factors affecting the cleanliness of molten steel. The current optimization of inclusion removal methods mainly focuses on promoting inclusions to float to the slag–steel interface so that the inclusions can...

This paper gives the null controllability for nonlocal stochastic differential inclusion with the Hilfer fractional derivative and Clarke subdifferential. Sufficient conditions for null controllability of nonlocal Hilfer fractional stochastic differe...

An important problem in complex analysis is to determine properties of the image of an analytic function p defined on the unit disc U from an inclusion or containment relation involving several of the derivatives of p. Results dealing with differenti...

In this paper, we study the turnpike phenomenon for trajectories of continuous-time dynamical systems generated by differential inclusions, which have a prototype in mathematical economics. In particular, we show that, if the differential inclusion h...

The morphology and elemental composition of cross sections of eight historic copper materials have been explored. The materials were taken from copper roofs installed in different middle and northern European environments from the 16th to the 19th ce...

The focus of this study involved comparative investigations of non-metallic inclusions in 316L stainless steel bars without and with Ca treatments. The inclusions were extracted by using electrolytic extraction (EE). After that, the characteristics o...

Polymineralic inclusions in megacrysts have been reported to occur in kimberlites worldwide. The inclusions are likely the products of early kimberlite melt(s) which invaded the pre-existing megacryst minerals at mantle depths (i.e., at pressures ran...

An equilibrium problem of the Kirchhoff–Love plate containing a nonhomogeneous inclusion is considered. It is assumed that elastic properties of the inclusion depend on a small parameter characterizing the width of the inclusion $\epsilon$ as ${\mathrm{\&e}}^{}$...

Demantoid is the green variety of andradite [Ca₃Fe₂(SiO₄)₃], an exceptionally rare and precious gemstone worldwide. In recent years, a small amount of gem-quality demantoid has been found in Pakistan. This research focuses on nine demantoids sourced...

This paper aims to review some important microstructural defects arising in the alloys manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) or laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). During the manufacturing process, various defects can occur in metals, which can n...

Ferroalloys are integral constituents of the steelmaking process, since non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) from ferroalloys significantly influence the transformation of inclusions present in liquid steel or they are directly involved in casted steel. In...

Africa hosts numerous emerald deposits, among which Sumbawanga, located at the junction of Tanzania, Zambia, Congo, and Malawi, stands out as one of the significant localities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the gemological, spectros...

Inclusions in steels and alloys are known to lower the resistance to deformation, as well as to lower the mechanical, corrosion and other properties. Studies of inclusions in nickel-based alloys are important since these materials could suffer from c...

The existence of two positive solutions for an elliptic differential inclusion is established, assuming that the nonlinear term is an upper semicontinuous set-valued mapping with compact convex values having subcritical growth. Our approach is based...

Fluid inclusions were studied in rocks from different wells from the Barnówko–Mostno–Buszewo (BMB), the largest oil field in Poland and from the Lubiatów field. Sampling was performed at depths between about 3120–3220 m and 3221–3256 m, respectively....

Deoxidation of liquid steel is a key link that affects the quality of environmentally friendly free-cutting steel. The selection and addition sequence of deoxidizer affects the composition, size, distribution, and morphology of non-metallic inclusion...

Experimental simulations of steelmaking with different amounts of aluminum were achieved in the tube furnace at 1873 K and field scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM and EDX) were employed to explore the chara...