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Keywords = hybrid pumped-storage power station

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21 pages, 4100 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Pumped Hydro Storage Regulation Through Adaptive Initial Reservoir Capacity in Multistage Stochastic Coordinated Planning
by Chao Chen, Shan Huang, Yue Yin, Zifan Tang and Qiang Shuai
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112707 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Hybrid pumped hydro storage plants, by integrating pump stations between cascade hydropower stations, have overcome the challenges associated with site selection and construction of pure pumped hydro storage systems, thereby becoming the optimal large-scale energy storage solution for enhancing the absorption of renewable [...] Read more.
Hybrid pumped hydro storage plants, by integrating pump stations between cascade hydropower stations, have overcome the challenges associated with site selection and construction of pure pumped hydro storage systems, thereby becoming the optimal large-scale energy storage solution for enhancing the absorption of renewable energy. However, the multi-energy conversion between pump stations, hydropower, wind power, and photovoltaic plants poses challenges to both their planning schemes and operational performance. This study proposes a multistage stochastic coordinated planning model for cascade hydropower-wind-solar-thermal-pumped hydro storage (CHWS-PHS) systems. First, a Hybrid Pumped Hydro Storage Adaptive Initial Reservoir Capacity (HPHS-AIRC) strategy is developed to enhance the system’s regulation capability by optimizing initial reservoir levels that are synchronized with renewable generation patterns. Then, Non-anticipativity Constraints (NACs) are incorporated into this model to ensure the dynamic adaptation of investment decisions under multi-timescale uncertainties, including inter-annual natural water inflow (NWI) variations and hourly fluctuations in wind and solar power. Simulation results on the IEEE 118-bus system show that the proposed MSSP model reduces total costs by 6% compared with the traditional two-stage approach (TSSP). Moreover, the HPHS-AIRC strategy improves pumped hydro utilization by 33.8%, particularly benefiting scenarios with drought conditions or operational constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
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23 pages, 4319 KiB  
Article
Optimal Scheduling of a Cascade Hydropower Energy Storage System for Solar and Wind Energy Accommodation
by Yuanyuan Liu, Hao Zhang, Pengcheng Guo, Chenxi Li and Shuai Wu
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112734 - 4 Jun 2024
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
The massive grid integration of renewable energy necessitates frequent and rapid response of hydropower output, which has brought enormous challenges to the hydropower operation and new opportunities for hydropower development. To investigate feasible solutions for complementary systems to cope with the energy transition [...] Read more.
The massive grid integration of renewable energy necessitates frequent and rapid response of hydropower output, which has brought enormous challenges to the hydropower operation and new opportunities for hydropower development. To investigate feasible solutions for complementary systems to cope with the energy transition in the context of the constantly changing role of the hydropower plant and the rapid evolution of wind and solar power, the short-term coordinated scheduling model is developed for the wind–solar–hydro hybrid pumped storage (WSHPS) system with peak shaving operation. The effects of different reservoir inflow conditions, different wind and solar power forecast output, and installed capacity of pumping station on the performance of WSHPS system are analyzed. The results show that compared with the wind–solar–hydro hybrid (WSH) system, the total power generation of the WSHPS system in the dry, normal, and wet year increased by 10.69%, 11.40%, and 11.27% respectively. The solar curtailment decreased by 68.97%, 61.61%, and 48.43%, respectively, and the wind curtailment decreased by 76.14%, 58.48%, and 50.91%, respectively. The high proportion of wind and solar energy connected to the grid in summer leads to large net load fluctuations and serious energy curtailment. The increase in the installed capacity of the pumping station will promote the consumption of wind and solar energy in the WSHPS system. The model proposed in this paper can improve the operational flexibility of hydropower station and promote the consumption of wind and solar energy, which provides a reference for the research of cascade hydropower energy storage system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Energy Storage Systems for Renewable Energy)
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22 pages, 3448 KiB  
Article
Optimal Capacity Configuration of Pumped-Storage Units Used to Retrofit Cascaded Hydropower Stations
by Yang Li, Feilong Hong, Xiaohui Ge, Xuesong Zhang, Bo Zhao and Feng Wu
Energies 2023, 16(24), 8049; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248049 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
As flexible resources, cascaded hydropower stations can regulate the fluctuations caused by wind and photovoltaic power. Constructing pumped-storage units between two upstream and downstream reservoirs is an effective method to further expand the capacity of flexible resources. This method transforms cascaded hydropower stations [...] Read more.
As flexible resources, cascaded hydropower stations can regulate the fluctuations caused by wind and photovoltaic power. Constructing pumped-storage units between two upstream and downstream reservoirs is an effective method to further expand the capacity of flexible resources. This method transforms cascaded hydropower stations into a cascaded pumped-hydro-energy storage system. In this paper, a flexibility reformation planning model of cascaded hydropower stations retrofitted with pumped-storage units under a hybrid system composed of thermal, wind, and photovoltaic power is established with the aim of investigating the optimal capacity of pumped-storage units. First, a generative adversarial network and a density peak clustering algorithm are utilized to generate typical scenarios to deal with the seasonal fluctuation of renewable energy generation, natural water inflow, and loads. Then, a full-scenario optimization method is proposed to optimize the operation costs of multiple scenarios considering the variable-speed operation characteristics of pumped storage and to obtain a scheme with better comprehensive economy. Meanwhile, the proposed model is retransformed into a mixed-integer linear programming problem to simplify the solution. Case studies in Sichuan province are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Optimization of Electric Energy System)
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17 pages, 736 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Hybrid Pumped-Storage Power Stations Based on Improved Rank Correlation-Entropy Weight Method
by Yudong Tan, Guosheng Xie, Yunhao Xiao, Yi Luo, Xintao Xie and Ming Wen
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8414; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228414 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Over the past decade, the growth of new power plants has become a trend, with new energy stations growing particularly fast. In order to solve the problem of electricity consumption, the development of hybrid pumped storage based on hydropower stations has become a [...] Read more.
Over the past decade, the growth of new power plants has become a trend, with new energy stations growing particularly fast. In order to solve the problem of electricity consumption, the development of hybrid pumped storage based on hydropower stations has become a focus, so it is necessary to evaluate and analyze its technical and economic characteristics. Based on the characteristics of pumped-storage power stations, this paper proposes a comprehensive benefit evaluation model for the functional, financial, and environmental benefits. The model uses the fuzzy Delphi method to improve the rank correlation analysis method and introduces the entropy weighting method, calculating the comprehensive weight of indicators by the subjective and objective combination weighting method. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model and calculate the comprehensive benefit evaluation grade of hybrid pumped-storage power plants. Finally, the practicality and validity of the evaluation model are verified through case studies, and the technical and economic characteristics and superiority of the hybrid pumped-storage power plants are analyzed based on the evaluation results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Energy Storage and Conversion Management)
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25 pages, 4605 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Novel Fuzzy MCDM Method for Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Pumped Storage Power Station in China
by Peipei You, Sijia Liu and Sen Guo
Mathematics 2022, 10(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/math10010071 - 26 Dec 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3164
Abstract
Considering the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, along with their related policies, pumped storage power stations are set to develop quickly in China. The comprehensive performance of pumped storage power stations must urgently be evaluated, which can help investors in decision [...] Read more.
Considering the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, along with their related policies, pumped storage power stations are set to develop quickly in China. The comprehensive performance of pumped storage power stations must urgently be evaluated, which can help investors in decision making and provide a reference for policymakers. In this paper, a hybrid novel fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) method combining the fuzzy best worst method (BWM) and fuzzy TOPSIS was proposed for the comprehensive performance evaluation of pumped storage power stations in China. The fuzzy BWM was utilized to determine the criteria weights describing the comprehensive performance of pumped storage power stations, while the fuzzy TOPSIS was used to rank the comprehensive performance of pumped storage power stations. The index system for the comprehensive performance evaluation of pumped storage power stations in China incorporated economic, social, and environmental aspects. The comprehensive performance of four pumped storage power stations in China was empirically evaluated using the proposed hybrid novel fuzzy MCDM method, and the results indicate that pumped storage power station PSPS2 exhibited the best comprehensive performance, followed by pumped storage power stations PSPS1 and PSPS4, whereas pumped storage power station PSPS3 had the worst comprehensive performance. A sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis were also conducted. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid novel fuzzy MCDM method, combining the fuzzy BWM and fuzzy TOPSIS for comprehensive performance evaluation of pumped storage power stations, is robust and effective. Full article
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13 pages, 3483 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hybrid Power Station Installation in the Operation of Insular Power Systems
by Nikolaos Bouzounierakis, Yiannis Katsigiannis, Konstantinos Fiorentzis and Emmanuel Karapidakis
Inventions 2019, 4(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions4030038 - 31 Jul 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5977
Abstract
Greece has a large number of islands that are isolated from the main interconnected Greek power system; however, a majority of them are to be interconnected in the mainland grid over the next decade. A large number of these islands present a significant [...] Read more.
Greece has a large number of islands that are isolated from the main interconnected Greek power system; however, a majority of them are to be interconnected in the mainland grid over the next decade. A large number of these islands present a significant amount of wind and solar potential. The nature of load demand and renewable production is stochastic; thus, the operation of such isolated power systems can be improved significantly by the installation of a large-scale energy storage system. The role of storage is to compensate for the long and short-term imbalances between power generation and load demand. Pumped hydro storage (PHS) systems represent one of the most mature technologies for large-scale energy storage. However, their advantages have not been proven in practice for cases of medium and small-sized isolated insular systems. Regarding Greece, which contains a large number of isolated insular systems, a PHS system in the island of Ikaria started its test operation in 2019, whereas in Europe only one PHS system operates in El Hierro (Canary Islands). This paper studies the effect of installing a wind-PHS hybrid power station in the operation of the insular power system of Samos, Greece, according to the latest regulatory framework. The implemented analysis uses real hourly data for a whole year, and examines the effects of such an installation considering investors’ and power system operators’ viewpoints. More specifically, the economic viability of this project under different billing scenarios is compared, and its impact on the insular power system operation for various PHS sizes is examined. Full article
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28 pages, 17179 KiB  
Article
Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Hybrid PV-WT-PSH/BB Standalone System Supplying Various Loads
by Mohammed Guezgouz, Jakub Jurasz and Benaissa Bekkouche
Energies 2019, 12(3), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030514 - 6 Feb 2019
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5863
Abstract
The Algerian power system is currently dominated by conventional (gas- and oil-fueled) power stations. A small portion of the electrical demand is covered by renewable energy sources. This work is intended to analyze two configurations of renewables-based hybrid (solar–wind) power stations. One configuration [...] Read more.
The Algerian power system is currently dominated by conventional (gas- and oil-fueled) power stations. A small portion of the electrical demand is covered by renewable energy sources. This work is intended to analyze two configurations of renewables-based hybrid (solar–wind) power stations. One configuration was equipped with batteries and the second with pumped-storage hydroelectricity as two means of overcoming: the stochastic nature of the two renewable generators and resulting mismatch between demand and supply. To perform this analysis, real hourly load data for eight different electricity consumers were obtained for the area of Mostaganem. The configuration of hybrid power stations was determined for a bi-objective optimization problem (minimization of electricity cost and maximization of reliability) based on a multi-objective grey-wolf optimizer. The results of this analysis indicate that, in the case of Algeria, renewables-based power generation is still more expensive than electricity produced from the national grid. However, using renewables reduces the overall CO2 emissions up to 9.3 times compared to the current emissions from the Algerian power system. Further analysis shows that the system performance may benefit from load aggregation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Systems)
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21 pages, 4007 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Synchronous Optimization of Pump Turbine Governing System Using Sparse Robust Least Squares Support Vector Machine and Hybrid Backtracking Search Algorithm
by Chu Zhang, Chaoshun Li, Tian Peng, Xin Xia, Xiaoming Xue, Wenlong Fu and Jianzhong Zhou
Energies 2018, 11(11), 3108; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113108 - 10 Nov 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2631
Abstract
In view of the complex and changeable operating environment of pumped storage power stations and the noise and outliers in the modeling data, this study proposes a sparse robust least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model based on the hybrid backtracking search algorithm [...] Read more.
In view of the complex and changeable operating environment of pumped storage power stations and the noise and outliers in the modeling data, this study proposes a sparse robust least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model based on the hybrid backtracking search algorithm for the model identification of a pumped turbine governing system. By introducing the maximum linearly independent set, the sparsity of the support vectors of the LSSVM model are realized, and the complexity is reduced. The robustness of the identification model to noise and outliers is enhanced using the weighted function based on improved normal distribution. In order to further improve the accuracy and generalization performance of the sparse robust LSSVM identification model, the model input variables, the kernel parameters, and the regularization parameters are optimized synchronously using a binary-real coded backtracking search algorithm. Experiments on two benchmark problems and a real-world application of a pumped turbine governing system in a pumped storage power station in China show that the proposed sparse robust LSSVM model optimized by the hybrid backtracking search algorithm can not only obtain higher identification accuracy, it also has better robustness and a higher generalization performance compared with the other existing models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
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17 pages, 6556 KiB  
Article
Dual Frequency Regulation in Pumping Mode in a Wind–Hydro Isolated System
by José Ignacio Sarasúa, Guillermo Martínez-Lucas, Carlos A. Platero and José Ángel Sánchez-Fernández
Energies 2018, 11(11), 2865; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112865 - 23 Oct 2018
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5910
Abstract
Frequency control is one of the most critical tasks in isolated power systems, especially in high renewable penetration scenarios. This paper presents a new hydropower pumped-storage dual control strategy that combines variable-speed-driven pumps and fixed-speed-driven pumps. A possible case for implementation of such [...] Read more.
Frequency control is one of the most critical tasks in isolated power systems, especially in high renewable penetration scenarios. This paper presents a new hydropower pumped-storage dual control strategy that combines variable-speed-driven pumps and fixed-speed-driven pumps. A possible case for implementation of such a control scheme is described based on El Hierro Island’s power system. This isolated power system consists of a hybrid wind pumped-storage hydropower plant and diesel generators. The pumped-storage power plant is divided into a hydropower plant equipped with four Pelton turbines and a pump station equipped with both fixed- and variable-speed pumps. According to the proposed control scheme, frequency regulation will be provided by a dual controller: a continuous controller for the variable-speed pumps and a discrete controller for the fixed-speed pumps. The Pelton units, which operate as synchronous condensers, also supply the power system inertia. Therefore, diesel units may be disconnected, decreasing generation costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to the combination of both controllers and the inertia of the Pelton units, an acceptable frequency regulation can be achieved. This technique has been validated through computer simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10 Years Energies - Horizon 2028)
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21 pages, 2232 KiB  
Article
Day-Ahead Probabilistic Model for Scheduling the Operation of a Wind Pumped-Storage Hybrid Power Station: Overcoming Forecasting Errors to Ensure Reliability of Supply to the Grid
by Jakub Jurasz and Alexander Kies
Sustainability 2018, 10(6), 1989; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061989 - 13 Jun 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3832
Abstract
Variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as solarphotovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines (WT), are starting to play a significant role in several energy systems around the globe. To overcome the problem of their non-dispatchable and stochastic nature, several approaches have been proposed so [...] Read more.
Variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as solarphotovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines (WT), are starting to play a significant role in several energy systems around the globe. To overcome the problem of their non-dispatchable and stochastic nature, several approaches have been proposed so far. This paper describes a novel mathematical model for scheduling the operation of a wind-powered pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH) hybrid for 25 to 48 h ahead. The model is based on mathematical programming and wind speed forecasts for the next 1 to 24 h, along with predicted upper reservoir occupancy for the 24th hour ahead. The results indicate that by coupling a 2-MW conventional wind turbine with a PSH of energy storing capacity equal to 54 MWh it is possible to significantly reduce the intraday energy generation coefficient of variation from 31% for pure wind turbine to 1.15% for a wind-powered PSH The scheduling errors calculated based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are significantly smaller for such a coupling than those seen for wind generation forecasts, at 2.39% and 27%, respectively. This is even stronger emphasized by the fact that, those for wind generation were calculated for forecasts made for the next 1 to 24 h, while those for scheduled generation were calculated for forecasts made for the next 25 to 48 h. The results clearly show that the proposed scheduling approach ensures the high reliability of the WT–PSH energy source. Full article
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16 pages, 5116 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Pumped Storage Hydropower Power-Off Transient Process Using 3D Numerical Simulation Based on SP-VOF Hybrid Model
by Daqing Zhou, Huixiang Chen and Languo Zhang
Energies 2018, 11(4), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11041020 - 23 Apr 2018
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 6067
Abstract
The transient characteristic of the power-off process is investigated due to its close relation to hydraulic facilities’ safety in a pumped storage hydropower (PSH). In this paper, power-off transient characteristics of a PSH station in pump mode was studied using a three-dimensional (3D) [...] Read more.
The transient characteristic of the power-off process is investigated due to its close relation to hydraulic facilities’ safety in a pumped storage hydropower (PSH). In this paper, power-off transient characteristics of a PSH station in pump mode was studied using a three-dimensional (3D) unsteady numerical method based on a single-phase and volume of fluid (SP-VOF) coupled model. The computational domain covered the entire flow system, including reservoirs, diversion tunnel, surge tank, pump-turbine unit, and tailrace tunnel. The fast changing flow fields and dynamic characteristic parameters, such as unit flow rate, runner rotate speed, pumping lift, and static pressure at measuring points were simulated, and agreed well with experimental results. During the power-off transient process, the PSH station underwent pump mode, braking mode, and turbine mode, with the dynamic characteristics and inner flow configurations changing significantly. Intense pressure fluctuation occurred in the region between the runner and guide vanes, and its frequency and amplitude were closely related to the runner’s rotation speed and pressure gradient, respectively. While the reversed flow rate of the PSH unit reached maximum, some parameters, such as static pressure, torque, and pumping lift would suddenly jump significantly, due to the water hammer effect. The moment these marked jumps occurred was commonly considered as the most dangerous moment during the power-off transient process, due to the blade passages being clogged by vortexes, and chaos pressure distribution on the blade surfaces. The results of this study confirm that 3D SP-VOF hybrid simulation is an effective method to reveal the hydraulic mechanism of the PSH transient process. Full article
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16 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Feasibility Analyses of Developing Low Carbon City with Hybrid Energy Systems in China: The Case of Shenzhen
by Xun Zhang, Yuehui Ma, Bin Ye, Zhang-Ming Chen and Ling Xiong
Sustainability 2016, 8(5), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050452 - 6 May 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5167
Abstract
As the largest carbon emission source in China, the power sector grows rapidly owing to the country’s unprecedented urbanization and industrialization processes. In order to explore a low carbon urbanization pathway by reducing carbon emissions of the power sector, the Chinese government launched [...] Read more.
As the largest carbon emission source in China, the power sector grows rapidly owing to the country’s unprecedented urbanization and industrialization processes. In order to explore a low carbon urbanization pathway by reducing carbon emissions of the power sector, the Chinese government launched an international low carbon city (ILCC) project in Shenzhen. This paper presents a feasibility analysis on the potential hybrid energy system based on local renewable energy resources and electricity demand estimation over the three planning stages of the ILCC project. Wind power, solar power, natural gas and the existing power grid are components considered in the hybrid energy system. The simulation results indicate that the costs of energy in the three planning stages are 0.122, 0.105 and 0.141 $/kWh, respectively, if external wind farms and pumped storage hydro stations (PSHSs) exist. The optimization results reveal that the carbon reduction rates are 46.81%, 62.99% and 75.76% compared with the Business as Usual scenarios. The widely distributed water reservoirs in Shenzhen provide ideal conditions to construct PSHS, which is crucial in enhancing renewable energy utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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