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Search Results (408)

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Keywords = healing index

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11 pages, 782 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Association Between Platelet Count, the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index, and Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Cecilia Oliveri, Anastasia Xourafa, Rita Maria Agostino, Valentina Corigliano, Antonino Botindari, Agostino Gaudio, Nunziata Morabito, Alessandro Allegra and Antonino Catalano
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5453; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155453 (registering DOI) - 2 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Platelets play a role in bone metabolism and fracture healing. This study aimed to investigate the association between platelet indices and the derived systemic immune inflammation index (SII) with fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: Platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Platelets play a role in bone metabolism and fracture healing. This study aimed to investigate the association between platelet indices and the derived systemic immune inflammation index (SII) with fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Methods: Platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit, percentage of large platelets (P-LCR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio, and the SII, calculated as (NxP)/L, where N, P, and L represented neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes counts, respectively, were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: A total of 124 women (mean age 68.4 ± 9 years) were stratified into two groups based on the median platelet count; the “lower platelet count group” (n = 58) had a count of 200,000 (174,000 to 226,000), while the “higher platelet count group” (n = 66) had a count of 281,500 (256,500 to 308,500). The higher platelet count group showed a higher hip fracture risk (7.4 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.08) and lower lumbar spine BMD (0.773 vs. 0.83 gr/cm2, p = 0.03). By dividing the participants into two groups with higher SSI (950,848.6 ± 746,097.99) (n = 61) and lower SII (355,751.2 ± 88,662.6) (n = 63), the group with the higher SII showed the higher hip fracture risk (7.4 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.01). Univariate regression analysis revealed correlations between chronological age and PDW (r = 0.188, p = 0.047), and P-LCR (r = 0.208, p = 0.03), as well as associations between vitamin D status and P-LCR (r = −0.301, p = 0.034), and between SII and hip fracture risk (r = 0.12, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Platelet count and SII were associated with fracture risk in postmenopausal women undergoing osteoporosis assessment. Given their reproducibility and cost-effectiveness, these markers warrant further investigation in future prospective studies focused on bone fragility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Osteoporosis)
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21 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
The Role of Metabolic Disorders and Laboratory Abnormalities in Wound Healing and Recovery in Geriatric and Non-Geriatric Orthopedic Patients in Poland—Prospective Research
by Robert Węgłowski, Bartosz Borowski, Anna Bronikowska, Piotr Piech, Grzegorz Staśkiewicz and Jaromir Jarecki
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5317; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155317 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 255
Abstract
Objectives: This study sought to assess the impact of diabetes and hypertension on wound healing and recovery in orthopedic patients, with an emphasis on laboratory correlations. Materials and Methods: This study included 67 orthopedic patients, divided into a geriatric group (n = 49, [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study sought to assess the impact of diabetes and hypertension on wound healing and recovery in orthopedic patients, with an emphasis on laboratory correlations. Materials and Methods: This study included 67 orthopedic patients, divided into a geriatric group (n = 49, ≥65 years) and a control group (n = 18). Clinical and laboratory assessments were performed at admission and discharge. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: Geriatric patients showed a higher triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), glucose, cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leukocytes and lower hemoglobin and platelets (PLTs), with poorer healing and well-being. Elevated CRP, IL-6, and urea and decreased protein and hemoglobin persisted in this group. Diabetes improved outcomes in older adults, while hypertension worsened them in younger patients. Favorable outcomes correlated with higher triglycerides, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, and red blood cells (RBCs), while they did not correlate with elevated CRP, IL-6, leptin, urea, creatinine, and white blood cells (WBCs). Conclusions: Key predictors of healing and well-being included CRP, hemoglobin, RBC, and hematocrit in older patients and hypertension, CRP, hemoglobin, and leptin in younger individuals. Age-specific metabolic and inflammatory profiles influence recovery trajectories and may be used to predict problems in both recovery and patients’ well-being. Further research is required to better understand the correlations between these factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Orthopedics)
17 pages, 4239 KiB  
Article
Molecular Dynamics Insights into Bio-Oil-Enhanced Self-Healing of Aged Asphalt
by Liuxiao Chen, Silu Tan, Mingyang Deng, Hao Xiang, Jiaxing Huang, Zhaoyi He and Lin Kong
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153472 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 181
Abstract
Long-term aging deteriorates asphalt’s self-healing capacity, yet the molecular mechanisms of bio-oil rejuvenation remain unclear. The fluidity and healing index of an asphalt binder were tested using a dynamic shear rheometer, and a healing model was established using molecular dynamics software to analyze [...] Read more.
Long-term aging deteriorates asphalt’s self-healing capacity, yet the molecular mechanisms of bio-oil rejuvenation remain unclear. The fluidity and healing index of an asphalt binder were tested using a dynamic shear rheometer, and a healing model was established using molecular dynamics software to analyze the movement state. The results show that after adding the bio-oil, the healing index of aged asphalt increases significantly, lowering the optimal healing temperature by 10.1 °C. MD simulations demonstrate that bio-oil weakens van der Waals forces (with a 15.3% reduction in non-bonded energy) to enhance molecular diffusion, with a critical healing distance of 0.87 Å and aggregation at 1.11 Å. The bio-oil reduces the activation energy for healing from 4.97 kJ/mol (aged asphalt) to 3.75 kJ/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations can effectively aid scholars in understanding the asphalt healing process and movement patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Construction and Building Materials)
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27 pages, 21524 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Combinations of Native Australian Plants For Skin Inflammation and Wound Healing
by Rotina Kapini, Dennis Chang, Gerald Münch, Lisa Carroll and Xian Zhou
Biomedicines 2025, 13(7), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13071754 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in underlying skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. While many plants, including Australian native plants, are proposed to target these pathways due to their phytochemical content, studies on whole extracts and their synergistic effects remain [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms in underlying skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema. While many plants, including Australian native plants, are proposed to target these pathways due to their phytochemical content, studies on whole extracts and their synergistic effects remain limited. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate individual and combined effects of whole plant extracts on skin protection and healing, focusing on their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Methods: The antioxidant potential of the individual and combined plant extracts were investigated on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay followed by luciferase assay in MCF-7 AREc32 cells for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. The anti-inflammatory activities were investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages for the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. Synergistic interaction was determined by the combination index model (CI < 1). Combination(s) showing synergistic and optimal activity were further investigated on LPS-induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells for IL-6 inhibition and wound healing activity. Results: Three of the tested Australian native plant extracts demonstrated prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities including bitter orange, mountain pepper berry and native river mint. In particular, their three-way combination (1:1:1, w/w) showed prominent synergistic (CI < 1) in reducing NO and IL-6, along with enhanced Nrf2 activation. In LPS-inflamed HDF cells, the combination maintained synergistic inhibition of IL-6 levels and promoted wound healing response. Conclusions: These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Australian native plant as a whole extract for skin protection and repair attributed to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The observed synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects support their use in the development of new cosmetic formulations for skin. Full article
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16 pages, 857 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Healing of the Post-Extraction Socket of the Mandibular Third Molar: A Randomized Clinical Study
by Alessia Pardo, Maria Lonardi, Annarita Signoriello, Gianluca Colapinto, Funda Goker, Margherita Tumedei, Massimo Albanese and Massimo Del Fabbro
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 5029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145029 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 197
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in promoting wound healing after the surgical removal of inferior third molars. Methods: Patients in need of unilateral mandibular third molar extraction were randomly assigned to either a test [...] Read more.
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in promoting wound healing after the surgical removal of inferior third molars. Methods: Patients in need of unilateral mandibular third molar extraction were randomly assigned to either a test or control group before surgery. During the test, a photoactive substance activated with laser light (20 mW, 660 nm) was applied to the post-extraction site for 60 s before suturing to promote healing and disinfection. The control group did not receive any laser applications after tooth removal. The probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), gingival recession (REC), and levels of clinical attachment loss (CAL) before surgery (T0), 14 days after surgery (T1), and after 3 months after surgery (T2) were evaluated for the adjacent second molar. Post-operative swelling, pain (VAS index), the number of painkillers taken, alveolar probing, and Landry’s healing index were recorded at T1. Results: Sixty-five patients, aged between 14 and 39 years, were assigned randomly to test (n = 32) or control (n = 33) groups. Five dropouts occurred. Post-operative swelling and the VAS index were significantly lower in the test group compared to the control (p = 0.002 and p = 0.04, respectively). All periodontal indexes except recession significantly worsened at T1 in both groups. After three months, a significant improvement for PPD, CAL, and PI was recorded in the test group compared to the control (p = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the use of aPDT seems to have a beneficial effect on post-operative swelling and pain, as well as the plaque index, in the short-term follow-up. Full article
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22 pages, 2464 KiB  
Article
Development and Characterization of LL37 Antimicrobial-Peptide-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: An Antimicrobial Sustained Release System
by Fazilet Canatan Ergün, Meltem Demirel Kars and Gökhan Kars
Polymers 2025, 17(13), 1884; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17131884 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 524
Abstract
CSNPs synthesized via the ionic gelation method have emerged as a promising nanoplatform in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, and polymer science due to their biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and tunable properties. This study focuses on the development and characterization of LL37-loaded [...] Read more.
CSNPs synthesized via the ionic gelation method have emerged as a promising nanoplatform in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, and polymer science due to their biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and tunable properties. This study focuses on the development and characterization of LL37-loaded CSNPs, designed to enhance antibacterial efficacy while maintaining biocompatibility. This study pioneers a systematic loading optimization approach by evaluating the encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of antimicrobial peptide LL37 across multiple concentrations (7.5, 15, and 30 µg/mL), thereby identifying the formulation that maximizes peptide incorporation while preserving controlled release characteristics. The multi-concentration analysis establishes a new methodological benchmark for peptide delivery system development. To achieve this, CSNPs were optimized for size and stability by adjusting parameters such as the chitosan concentration, pH, and stabilizer. LL37, a potent antimicrobial peptide, was successfully encapsulated into CSNPs at concentrations of 7.5, 15, and 30 µg/mL, yielding formulations with favorable physicochemical properties. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta sizer analyses revealed that blank CSNPs exhibited an average particle size of 180.40 ± 2.16 nm, a zeta potential (ZP) of +40.57 ± 1.82 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.289. In contrast, 15-LL37-CSNPs demonstrated an increased size of 210.9 ± 2.59 nm with an enhanced zeta potential of +51.21 ± 0.93 mV, indicating an improved stability and interaction potential. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses exhibited the round shaped morphology of nanoparticles. The release profile of LL37 exhibited a concentration-dependent rate and showed the best fit with the first-order kinetic model. Cytocompatibility assessments using the XTT assay confirmed that both blank and LL37-loaded CSNPs did not exhibit cytotoxicity on keratinocyte cells across a range of concentrations (150 µg/mL to 0.29 µg/mL). Notably, LL37-loaded CSNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, with the 15-LL37-CSNP formulation exhibiting superior efficacy. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of LL37-CSNPs as a versatile antibacterial delivery system with applications in drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biocompatible and Biodegradable Polymer Materials)
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15 pages, 2093 KiB  
Article
Different Innovative Laser Implants Characteristics Histomorphometric and SEM-EDX Comparison for In Vivo Applications
by Filiberto Mastrangelo, Marco Cicciù, Raimondo Quaresima and Antonio Scarano
Materials 2025, 18(13), 3165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18133165 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 315
Abstract
Objectives: In the animal model, we aim to evaluate the bone behavior in two innovative and different laser-treated (L1–L2) titanium implants compared to sandblasted and acid-etched (SBAE) used as control. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty-seven dental implants (8.5 × 3.3 mm) [...] Read more.
Objectives: In the animal model, we aim to evaluate the bone behavior in two innovative and different laser-treated (L1–L2) titanium implants compared to sandblasted and acid-etched (SBAE) used as control. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty-seven dental implants (8.5 × 3.3 mm) used for the study (Sweden & Martina, Due Carraie Padova-Italy) were placed in three Pelibuey female sheep. Implant surface profilometric, contact angle and EDX analysis were detected. After 15, 30 and 90 days, histological, histomorphometric, SEM-EDX analysis and Bone-to-implant Contact (BIC), Dynamic Osseointegration Index (DOI) and Bone Quality Index (BQI) (as Calcium and Phosphorous atomic percentages ratio) were performed. Results: All surfaces showed relevant profilometric and wettability differences. After 15 days, BIC15 showed great differences in L2 (42.1 ± 2.6) compared to L1 (5.2 ± 3.1) and SBAE (23.3 ± 3.9) as well as after 30 days (L2 (82.4 ± 2.2), L1 (56.2 ± 1.3) and SBAE (77.3 ± 0.4)). After 90 days, relevant lower BIC90 values were detected in L1 (68.4 ± 0.2) compared to L2 (86.4 ± 0.1) and SBAE (86.2 ± 0.6). The DOI showed higher rates of bone growth in L2 after 15 (DOI15 = 2.81) and 30 days (DOI30 = 2.83), compared to L1 (DOI15 = 0.38, DOI30 = 3.40) and SBAE (DOI15 = 1.55, DOI30 = 2.58). The DOI90 drastic slowdown in SBAE (0.96), L1 (0.76), and L2 (0.95) confirmed the Early Osseointegration (EO) as a crucial phase. Moreover, before loading, the lower global BQI in L1 (Ca 44.43 ± 0.08–P 46.14 ± 5.15) and SBAE (Ca 45.31 ± 2.08–P 48.28 ± 1.12) compared to L2 (Ca 79.81 ± 2.08–P 81.85 ± 3.14) allows to assert that osseointegration process and bone healing could not be considered complete if compared to the native bone. Conclusions: The BIC, DOI, and BQI results showed that osseointegration is a dynamic process, confirming the crucial role of surface characteristics able to influence it, especially the early osseointegration (EO) phase. The short-time L2 implants’ higher bone quantity and quality results, compared to L1 and SBAE, suggested the fundamental role of this innovative laser-obtained surface in “secondary stability” and predictable long-term clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Biomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications)
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31 pages, 1079 KiB  
Article
Optimisation Study of Investment Decision-Making in Distribution Networks of New Power Systems—Based on a Three-Level Decision-Making Model
by Wanru Zhao, Ziteng Liu, Rui Zhang, Mai Lu and Wenhui Zhao
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3497; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133497 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 241
Abstract
This paper addresses the scientific needs for investment decision-making in distribution networks against the backdrop of new power systems, constructing a three-tier decision-making system that includes investment scale decision-making, investment structure allocation, and investment project prioritization. Initially, it systematically analyzes the new requirements [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the scientific needs for investment decision-making in distribution networks against the backdrop of new power systems, constructing a three-tier decision-making system that includes investment scale decision-making, investment structure allocation, and investment project prioritization. Initially, it systematically analyzes the new requirements imposed by the new power systems on distribution networks and establishes an investment index system encompassing four dimensions: “capacity, self-healing, interaction, and efficiency”. Next, the Pearson correlation coefficient is employed to screen key influencing factors, and in conjunction with the grey MG(1,1) model and the support vector machine algorithm, precise forecasting of the investment scale is achieved. Furthermore, distribution network projects are categorized into ten classes, and an investment direction decision-making model is constructed to determine the investment scale for each attribute. Then, for the shortcomings of the traditional project comparison method, the investment project decision-making model is established with the attribute investment amount as the constraint and the maximisation of project benefits under the attribute as the goal. Finally, the effectiveness of the decision-making system is verified by taking the Lishui distribution network as a case study. The results show that the system keeps the investment scale prediction error within 5.9%, the city’s total investment deviation within 0.3%, and the projects are synergistically optimized to provide quantitative support for distribution network investment decision-making in the context of a new type of electric power system, and to achieve precise regulation. Full article
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21 pages, 5181 KiB  
Systematic Review
Beneficial Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Therapy After Subgingival Professional Mechanical Plaque Removal for Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Monica Tanady, Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin, Sri Lelyati C. Masulili, Nadhia Anindhita Harsas and Adityo Widaryono
Clin. Pract. 2025, 15(7), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract15070127 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 445
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that compromises the supporting structures of the teeth, leading to irreversible tissue damage and tooth loss. While subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) remains the gold standard treatment, there is increasing interest in adjunctive therapies. [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that compromises the supporting structures of the teeth, leading to irreversible tissue damage and tooth loss. While subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) remains the gold standard treatment, there is increasing interest in adjunctive therapies. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has gained attention as a promising biomaterial to enhance periodontal healing and regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunological effectiveness of PRF as an adjunct to PMPR. Materials and Methods: Clinical studies published between January 2019 and August 2024 were included from the ProQuest, PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on adults with periodontitis treated with PRF + PMPR compared to PMPR alone. Primary outcomes included changes in clinical and immunological parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane ROB2 tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using both fixed-effect and random-effects models, depending on heterogeneity. Results: The meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in clinical outcomes in the PRF + PMPR group, with reductions in probing pocket depth (SMD: −1.43 mm; 95% CI: −2.05 to −0.81; p < 0.00001), clinical attachment level (SMD: −1.34 mm; 95% CI: −1.95 to −0.73; p < 0.0001), bleeding on probing (SMD: −0.75 mm; 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.39; p < 0.00001), gingival recession (SMD: −0.79 mm; 95% CI: −1.33 to −0.25; p = 0.004), and gingival index (SMD: −0.82 mm; 95% CI: −1.37 to −0.28; p = 0.003). Favorable trends were also observed in IL-10, TGF-β, VEGF, PDGF-BB, periostin, and type I collagen levels. Conclusions: PRF enhances clinical and immunological outcomes and supports periodontal tissue stability when used as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy. Full article
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23 pages, 1943 KiB  
Article
Potentials and Challenges in Development of Vesicular Phospholipid Gel as a Novel Dermal Vehicle for Thymol
by Sabina Keser, Zora Rukavina, Marica Jozić, Lea Pavlović-Mitrović, Magda Vodolšak, Kristina Kranjčec, Darija Stupin Polančec, Gordana Maravić-Vlahoviček, Jasmina Lovrić, Maja Šegvić Klarić and Željka Vanić
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(7), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070854 - 29 Jun 2025
Viewed by 421
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Thymol, one of the main compounds of thyme essential oil, has shown promising effects in treating various skin disorders owing to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Due to its limited solubility in water, thymol is commonly used in higher concentrations to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Thymol, one of the main compounds of thyme essential oil, has shown promising effects in treating various skin disorders owing to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Due to its limited solubility in water, thymol is commonly used in higher concentrations to achieve a suitable therapeutic effect, which can consequently lead to skin irritation. To overcome these limitations, we incorporated thymol into a vesicular phospholipid gel (VPG), a novel semisolid dermal vehicle consisting of highly concentrated dispersion of phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). Methods: Thymol was successfully loaded into two VPGs differing in bilayer fluidity, which were characterized for the physicochemical and rheological properties, storage stability, in vitro release, ex vivo skin permeability, in vitro compatibility with epidermal cells, wound healing potential, and antibacterial activity against skin-relevant bacterial strains. Results: High pressure homogenization method enabled preparation of VPG-liposomes of neutral surface charge in the size range 140–150 nm with polydispersity indexes below 0.5. Both types of VPGs exhibited viscoelastic solid-like structures appropriate for skin administration and ensured skin localization of thymol. Although both types of VPGs enabled prolonged release of thymol, the presence of cholesterol in the VPG increased the rigidity of the corresponding liposomes and further slowed down thymol release. Conclusions: Loading of thymol into VPGs significantly reduced its cytotoxicity toward human keratinocytes in vitro even at very high concentrations, compared to free thymol. Moreover, it facilitated in vitro wound healing activity, proving its potential as a vehicle for herbal-based medicines. However, the antibacterial activity of thymol against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus was hindered by VPGs, which represents a challenge in their development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Care Products for Healthy and Diseased Skin)
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14 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Intramedullary Nails vs. Locking Plates for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in Patients over 60: A Comparative Clinical Study
by Marco Simone Vaccalluzzo, Marco Sapienza, Sergio Valenti, Benedetta Di Tomasi, Ludovico Lucenti, Vito Pavone and Gianluca Testa
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4563; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134563 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
Background: Displaced proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in adults represent a common orthopedic challenge, especially in elderly patients with compromised bone quality. Intramedullary nails (IM) and locking plates (LP) are the most widely used fixation techniques, though the literature remains inconclusive regarding their comparative [...] Read more.
Background: Displaced proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in adults represent a common orthopedic challenge, especially in elderly patients with compromised bone quality. Intramedullary nails (IM) and locking plates (LP) are the most widely used fixation techniques, though the literature remains inconclusive regarding their comparative efficacy. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 187 patients (mean age: 65.4 years) treated surgically for Neer ≥ 2-part proximal humerus fractures at a single tertiary referral center between 2018 and 2023. Patients underwent either IM nailing or LP fixation. Baseline characteristics included age, sex, smoking status, ASA score, trauma mechanism, and bone quality (assessed by the Deltoid Tuberosity Index). Functional outcomes (DASH and Constant–Murley scores), range of motion (ROM), radiographic healing, and complications were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Results were stratified by fracture type (two-, three-, and four-part fractures) and treatment group. Results: At 12 months, no statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of DASH (p = 0.484) or Constant–Murley scores (p = 0.057). ROM recovery was comparable across all time points. Stratified analysis showed similar outcomes across fracture types. Age, smoking, and bone quality did not significantly influence clinical results. The overall complication rate was 11.8%, with no significant difference between groups. Avascular necrosis and hardware-related issues occurred predominantly in four-part fractures. Conclusions: Both intramedullary nailing and locking plate fixation provided comparable short-term outcomes for displaced PHFs. Functional recovery appeared more dependent on fracture complexity than on the choice of implant. Surgical technique should therefore be selected based on fracture morphology, patient characteristics, and surgeon experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Osteoporosis)
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14 pages, 578 KiB  
Article
Food–Drug Interactions: Effect of Propolis on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Active Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Rabbits
by Ali Sorucu, Cengiz Gokbulut, Busra Aslan Akyol and Osman Bulut
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(7), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18070967 - 27 Jun 2025
Viewed by 480
Abstract
Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees that has many biological activities. For thousands of years, it has been widely used as a dietary supplement and traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, [...] Read more.
Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees that has many biological activities. For thousands of years, it has been widely used as a dietary supplement and traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties. Nutritional supplements and foods may interact with drugs both pharmacodynamically and pharmacokinetically, which could raise clinical concerns. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of propolis on the plasma disposition of enrofloxacin and to assess the potential pharmacokinetic interaction in rabbits. Methods: In this study, enrofloxacin was applied per os (20 mg/kg) and IM (10 mg/kg) and with propolis (100 mg resin/kg) administration in four groups of rabbits (each of six individuals). Heparinized blood samples were collected at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-administration. HPLC-FL was used to analyze the plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin following liquid–liquid phase extraction, i.e., protein precipitation with acetonitrile and partitioning with sodium sulfate. Results: The results revealed that propolis coadministration significantly affected the plasma disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite after both per os and intramuscular administration routes. Significantly greater AUC (48.91 ± 11.53 vs. 26.11 ± 12.44 µg.h/mL), as well as longer T1/2λz (11.75 ± 3.20 vs. 5.93 ± 2.51 h) and MRT (17.26 ± 4.55 vs. 8.96 ± 3.82 h) values of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, were observed after the coadministration of propolis compared to enrofloxacin alone following both per os and IM routes in rabbits. Conclusions: The concurrent use of propolis and prescription medications may prolong the half-life (T1/2λz) and increase the systemic availability of chronically used drugs with narrow therapeutic indices. The repeated use of drugs such as antibiotics, heart medications, and antidepressants, or drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as antineoplastic and anticoagulant agents, can cause toxic effects by raising blood plasma levels. Considering the varied metabolism of rabbits and humans, further validation of this study may require thorough clinical trials in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacology)
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11 pages, 1110 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Evaluation Index for Healing Gardens in Computer-Aided Design
by Cheng-Kai Weng, Chao-Feng Lai and Wei-Chieh Yeh
Eng. Proc. 2025, 98(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025098017 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 434
Abstract
We developed an evaluation index model for healing gardens designed using computer-aided design. The landscape therapy theory, innovative methodologies such as the fuzzy Delphi method, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were integrated into the model. Three core design indices for healing gardens—somatosensory [...] Read more.
We developed an evaluation index model for healing gardens designed using computer-aided design. The landscape therapy theory, innovative methodologies such as the fuzzy Delphi method, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were integrated into the model. Three core design indices for healing gardens—somatosensory elements, visual components, and physical activity features—were identified and analyzed using the developed index model in this study. Plant diversity was identified as the most significant factor, followed by modeling aesthetics, color variety, plant healing properties, spatial recreational features, sensory richness, unobstructed circulation, and barrier-free design. While the developed evaluation index model has limitations, it is a novel and systematic model based on innovative computing methods to assess and enhance contemporary healing garden design. Full article
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37 pages, 8780 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Self-Healing Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating Recycled Plastic, Brick Waste, and Bacillus sphaericus
by Tamer I. Ahmed, Ahmed S. Rashed and Dina E. Tobbala
Ceramics 2025, 8(2), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8020072 - 17 Jun 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 754
Abstract
This research aims to develop self-healing geopolymer concrete (SHG) to address the limitations of conventional repair methods, including reduced thermal conductivity and density, while promoting sustainable construction. The incorporation of the self-healing method (SHM), crushed brick (CB), and minced water bottles (F-PET) resulted [...] Read more.
This research aims to develop self-healing geopolymer concrete (SHG) to address the limitations of conventional repair methods, including reduced thermal conductivity and density, while promoting sustainable construction. The incorporation of the self-healing method (SHM), crushed brick (CB), and minced water bottles (F-PET) resulted in reduced thermal conductivity, maintenance costs, and environmental impact. This study investigated the effects of varying amounts of CB, F-PET, and SHM on several properties, including flowability, setting times, densities, ductility index (DI), and mechanical strengths, across 13 different mixtures. Additionally, water absorption (WA%), residual weight loss (WL%), and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME%) were assessed following freeze–thaw cycles, alongside SEM analysis and thermal transport measurements of the SHG mixtures. The inclusion of up to 50% CB enhanced density and thermal conductivity but negatively affected other properties. In contrast, incorporating 25% F-PET led to modest improvements in mechanical, thermal, and durability properties; however, it did not reduce density and thermal conductivity as effectively as CB. Among the three mixtures containing both CB and F-PET, the formulation with 37.5% CB and 12.5% F-PET exhibited the lowest density (1650 kg/m3) and thermal conductivity (1.083 W/m·K). The self-healing capacity of SHM was demonstrated through its ability to close cracks, facilitated by the deposition of CaCO3 under combined durability conditions. Incorporating 2%, 3%, and 4% SHM into the 37.5% CB and 12.5% F-PET mixture significantly improved key properties, including strength, water absorption, freeze–thaw resistance, SEM characteristics, density, and thermal conductivity. The addition of 4% SHM enhanced the mechanical performance of the geopolymer concrete (GVC) after 28 days, resulting in increases of 27% in compressive strength, 40.5% in tensile strength, 81% in flexural strength, and 61.6% in ductility index. Further, the inclusion of SHM improved density, reduced WA% and WL%, and enhanced RDME% after 300 freeze–thaw cycles. Specifically, thermal conductivity decreased from 1.8 W/m·K to 0.88 W/m·K, and density reduced from 2480 kg/m3 to 1760 kg/m3. Meanwhile, WA%, WL%, and RDME% improved from 3%, 4.5%, and 45% to 2%, 2.5%, and 50%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production Processes and Applications of Geopolymers, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 4941 KiB  
Article
Inosine, AMP, and Vidarabine: Network Pharmacology and LC-MS Reveal Key Bioactive Compounds in Periplaneta americana for Ulcerative Colitis Management
by Yue Li, Zheng-Mei Shi, Yong He, Zu-Wei Xi, Yi-Hao Che, Hai-Rong Zhao, Cheng-Gui Zhang, Heng Liu and Kong-Fa Hu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(12), 5446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26125446 - 6 Jun 2025
Viewed by 666
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unmet therapeutic needs. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Periplaneta americana L. extract (PAE) and its molecular mechanisms, integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified 1355 compounds in PAE. [...] Read more.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with unmet therapeutic needs. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Periplaneta americana L. extract (PAE) and its molecular mechanisms, integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified 1355 compounds in PAE. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that inosine, vidarabine, and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) were core components and the core components synergistically regulated key targets and acted on inflammation-related pathways, thereby establishing a multi-target anti-inflammatory regulatory network. In vivo experiments demonstrated that these compounds significantly alleviated colitis symptoms in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice, as evidenced by reduced disease activity index scores, preserved colonic mucosal architecture, and decreased inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, core compounds down-regulated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NOS2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), while they up-regulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Additionally, they activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated pathways. Molecular docking analysis revealed that adenosine analogs preferentially bound to A1/A2a receptors, triggering signaling cascades essential for epithelial repair and inflammation resolution. This study established the multi-component, multi-pathway mechanism of PAE in UC, highlighting its dual role in suppressing inflammation and promoting mucosal healing. By bridging traditional herbal use with modern molecular insights, these findings provided a translational foundation for developing PAE-based therapies for UC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Network Pharmacology: An Emerging Field in Drug Discovery)
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