Search Results (769)

Green prepared dishes are an emerging food-consumption format that links convenience, food safety, and sustainable consumption. In this study, “green” denotes a sustainability-oriented product profile involving food-safety assurance, resource-conscious packaging or sourcing, and waste-reduction potential, rather than formal organic certification. However, existing studies have mainly relied on linear behavioral models and have paid limited attention to nonlinear and asymmetric consumer decision mechanisms. This study integrates the stimulus–organism–response framework with explainable machine learning to predict consumers’ sustainable purchase intention toward green prepared dishes. Based on 805 valid questionnaires collected in Jilin Province, China, predictors were organized into three dimensions: environmental and health cognition, socioeconomic and infrastructural conditions, and sustainable behavioral propensity. The sample represents a regional online consumer profile in Jilin Province rather than a national probability sample. Six classifiers were trained using SMOTE–Tomek resampling and Optuna-based hyperparameter optimization. XGBoost achieved the best predictive performance, with an F1-score of 0.894, an AUC of 0.934, and an MCC of 0.702. Unlike conventional black-box machine learning, the SHAP-based interpretation translated ensemble predictions into transparent feature-level and case-level explanations. Accordingly, the model interpretations are framed as predictive associations rather than causal mechanisms. The study reveals an asymmetric decision pattern in which core behavioral willingness functions as a non-compensatory barrier, while channel convenience, delivery efficiency, and after-sales support facilitate purchase intention among consumers who already show high behavioral readiness. The findings suggest that green prepared-dish strategies should prioritize trust-based advocacy and word-of-mouth, reliable channel design, low-risk trial experiences, and collaborative food-safety governance rather than relying only on short-term traffic acquisition. Full article

This study aims to explore the preparation process and properties of unburned lightweight aggregate using red mud synergistically with fly ash, granulated blast-furnace slag, and other multi-source solid wastes. Curing regimes and alkali-activated systems were controlled. Their effects on physical properties and environmental safety of lightweight aggregate were systematically evaluated. Results show that curing temperature and alkali activator exert significant synergistic effects on physical properties of lightweight aggregates. Steam curing performs better than standard curing. Performance improves with increasing steam temperature. Sodium silicate solution with a modulus of 1.0 is determined as the optimal activator. Under 90 °C steam curing, Sample D2 achieves the best overall performance. Its cylinder compressive strength reaches 6.92 MPa. 1 h water absorption is 14.8%. Softening coefficient is 0.93. Porosity is as low as 31.07%. Microscopic analysis reveals that higher curing temperature significantly accelerates the hydration reaction of the RMLWA system. It promotes the formation of abundant cementitious products such as C-S-H gel. These products fully fill internal pores and microcracks of the aggregate. A dense three-dimensional network skeleton structure is finally formed. For environmental safety, heavy metal leaching concentrations of steam-cured samples are generally lower than those of standard-cured samples. This study realizes high-value resource utilization of industrial solid wastes. It also provides a new technical route for the development of green building lightweight aggregate. Full article

Over the past two decades, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) has evolved from an emerging concept into a widely adopted approach within sustainable sample preparation. In parallel, a substantial body of review literature has accumulated, highlighting diverse applications and methodological developments. This umbrella review provides a structured synthesis of 59 review and systematic review articles published between 2006 and 2025, with the aim of examining how the review literature itself has shaped current understanding of DLLME. Methodological quality was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 framework, revealing considerable variability in review design and reporting practices. Key elements such as the transparent reporting of pre-defined review methods, fully reproducible search strategies, and structured assessments of bias were not routinely reported, and the majority of reviews were classified as critically low according to AMSTAR 2 criteria. To contextualize these findings, evidence redundancy was examined through structured overlap analysis, yielding a very low Corrected Covered Area (CCA = 0.0188), which indicates that existing reviews largely address complementary rather than repetitive aspects of DLLME. Thematic synthesis identified three dominant domains: methodological and mechanistic developments, green and sustainable extraction strategies, and application-driven advances in environmental and pharmaceutical analysis. Together, these findings provide a structured basis for improving future review design, evaluation, and editorial assessment in analytical chemistry, supporting more transparent, reproducible, and methodologically aligned evidence synthesis. Full article

Biomass-derived carbon-based electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers have attracted significant attention for their abundant availability and environmentally friendly characteristics. A novel strategy combining biomass templates with a ZIF-67-assisted approach was developed to fabricate Co₃O₄@C composites via pyrolysis. This work demonstrates that the intrinsic structure of biomass templates can be effectively leveraged to regulate both the microstructure and the electromagnetic properties of the resulting composites, enabling tunable microwave absorption performance. Among the prepared samples, M3 exhibits the lowest reflection loss (RL) of −54.79 dB at a thickness of 4.61 mm, and achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.43 GHz at 2.82 mm. This superior performance originates from the synergistic optimization of impedance matching and the coupling of dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. The porous biomass-derived carbon framework not only enhances multiple scattering and impedance matching but also provides abundant interfaces to induce strong interfacial and dipole polarization. Meanwhile, the uniform in situ growth of ZIF-67-derived Co₃O₄ nanoparticles introduces enhanced magnetic loss through exchange resonance, while structural defects further promote multiple dielectric relaxation processes. This study presents a novel waste-to-value strategy for the rational design of hierarchical composite absorbers, offering high-performance EMW absorption while demonstrating a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and scalable route for converting natural wood waste into functional materials. This work not only provides new insights into constructing high-performance, lightweight, and cost-effective EMW-absorbing materials but also aligns with the principles of sustainable development, resource efficiency, and green chemistry. Full article

Oleoresins are complex natural lipophilic matrices traditionally analyzed using chromatographic techniques that require extensive sample preparation, derivatization, and authentic standards. Amazonian oleoresins from Copaifera and Eperua species (Fabaceae) represent valuable bioresources with recognized pharmacological potential, largely attributed to diterpenoids such as copalic and hardwickiic acids, as well as bioactive sesquiterpenes, including the cannabinoid β-caryophyllene. In this study, we present a proof-of-concept application of Direct Analysis in Real Time coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (DART-HRMS) as a rapid, direct, and environmentally friendly approach for chemical fingerprinting and semi-targeted screening of the two most important amazonian oleoresins from these two genera: Eperua oleifera and Copaifera multijuga. Analyses were performed using a Q Exactive Orbitrap coupled to a DART ion source under optimized conditions. Hardwickiic acid was used as a model compound for method optimization, with optimal performance achieved at 200 °C and 100 V, yielding stable signal intensities (CV < 10%) and high mass accuracy (<1 ppm). The method enabled reproducible detection of diterpenic acids in both oleoresins, allowing differentiation of their chemical profiles and assessment of short-term stability under ambient conditions. In addition to diterpenes, free fatty acids were also detected, expanding the compositional characterization of these matrices. Compound annotation was performed based on accurate mass measurements and literature comparison, corresponding to Level 5 confidence according to established metabolomics criteria. Although the absence of chromatographic separation limits isomer discrimination and absolute quantification, DART-HRMS provides a rapid and solvent-free strategy for chemical fingerprinting and preliminary characterization of oleoresins. This approach aligns with Green Chemistry principles and shows strong potential as a screening and triage tool for quality control, chemotaxonomic studies, and sustainable valorization of Amazonian natural products. Full article

A series of Mg-Al LDH-based photocatalysts were synthesized via a one-pot steam-assisted method, including pure Mg-Al LDH (MA), Zn-In ion-exchange-modified Mg-Al LDH (MAZ), BiOCl-loaded pristine Mg-Al LDH (MAB), and Zn-In-modified Mg-Al LDH co-loaded with TiO₂ and BiOCl (MA/Zn-In/TiO₂/BiOCl, MAZB). The one-pot synthesis facilitated the in situ intercalation and uniform loading of BiOCl/TiO₂/Zn-In, while Zn²⁺/In³⁺ modified the MA layers via ion exchange, leading to an expansion of the interlayer spacing. The innovation of this work is reflected in two aspects: first, all raw materials are added via a one-pot strategy to achieve in situ preparation of modified hydrotalcite; second, this synthetic route features simple post-treatment without complicated washing, pressure filtration, and other tedious operations. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms. The bismuth chloride oxide/TiO₂/LDHs exhibited a layered structure, with the active components uniformly distributed between the layers and on the MA surface. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, MAZB achieved 97.5% degradation of 20 mg/L MB within 120 min, with an apparent rate constant of 0.0297 min⁻¹, which is 7.2 times, 2.4 times, and 2.9 times that of MA, MAZ, and MAB, respectively. The degradation rate of MAZB still remained at 89.5% after five cycles, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. Compared with traditional hydrothermal methods, this steam-assisted system features mild reaction conditions (180 °C, atmospheric pressure), sodium-free raw materials, no washing requirement, and zero waste discharge, showing prominent green advantages. Full article

The increasing occurrence of pesticides in aquatic environments has raised concern due to their potential impact on human health and ecosystems. In this context, the development of sensitive, reliable, and environmentally sustainable analytical methods is essential for monitoring these contaminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction (DµSPE) method for the determination of current-use multiclass pesticides in water samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Initially, a simple and rapid sample preparation procedure was developed, in which different experimental variables were evaluated to obtain suitable extraction efficiency. The validated method has a quantification limit of 0.01 µg L⁻¹ and was applied to the determination of pesticides in surface water from different regions in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In addition, the environmental sustainability of the method was evaluated using the AGREEprep tool, allowing a quantitative and visual assessment of its compliance with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. The results demonstrated that the proposed method provides adequate analytical performance for the determination of 28 compounds in water matrices while offering a simple sample preparation procedure with reduced solvent consumption and waste generation. Full article

We aimed to develop kombucha-vinegar beverages inspired by switchel (a beverage that combines apple cider vinegar and ginger extract), using pecan shell aqueous extract (PSE) and green tea infusion (GTI) in the preparation of kombucha vinegar, and to assess its effects on physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptance. Combinations of PSE and GTI (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) were tested as substrates to produce kombucha vinegar with an initial sugar concentration of 80 g/L. After, the initial sucrose concentration was tested (80 to 60 g/L) using two of the previous formulations (50% of PSE and 50% of GTI; 25% of PSE and 75% of GTI), that showed better results in antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics, particularly bitterness, which was attributed to the addition of higher amounts of pecan nutshell extract (100 and 75%). The formulation with 60 g/L of sucrose and higher pecan shell extract (50%) was chosen, allowing a beverage with less sugar at the end of kombucha fermentation. An increase in antioxidant potential was observed during the fermentations, with this being a highlight of this study. Kombucha vinegar beverages inspired by switchel were developed (50% PSE and 50% GTI, 60 g/L of sucrose), with the use of ginger extract or juice fruits (apple, pineapple, or white grape), in order to make the beverage palatable to consumers. The samples without ginger showed the highest antioxidant capacity values. In the sensory evaluation using acceptability and the check all that apply method (CATA), the beverages without ginger showed acceptability ranging from 74.4% (addition of white grape juice) to 84.0% (addition of pineapple juice), being described as refreshing, healthy, and energizing. Full article

Oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in modulating the chemical and catalytic properties of metal oxide catalysts. Herein, quercetin was used as a green reducing agent to prepare Cu-doped MnO₂ (Cu-MnO₂) composite catalysts with varying Cu doping levels via an ultrasonically assisted strategy. The structure-activity relationships were systematically investigated using XRD, Raman, XPS, H₂-TPR, and O₂-TPD. Benefiting from optimized surface lattice defects induced by an appropriate Cu doping level, the Cu-MnO₂-2 sample, which exhibited the highest oxygen vacancy concentration, achieved a HCHO removal efficiency of 99.2% for 1 ppm HCHO at room temperature (25 °C) and 50% relative humidity within 30 min. The enrichment of Mn³⁺, Cu⁺, and surface-adsorbed oxygen species (O_ads) further corroborated the increased oxygen vacancy density, indicating that moderate Cu doping effectively promotes electron transfer and oxygen activation. After five consecutive cycles, the HCHO conversion remained above 96%. Post-cycling characterizations (XRD, FTIR, EDS, and XPS) confirmed the excellent structural and chemical stability of the catalyst, with the Mn³⁺ proportion and Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ ratio well preserved. In situ DRIFTS analysis revealed that surface-adsorbed oxygen and oxygen-vacancy-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key factors in the efficient HCHO oxidation over the green Cu-MnO₂-2 catalyst, promoting rapid conversion of intermediates and ultimately generating CO₂ and H₂O. This study provides a facile, low-cost, and green synthesis strategy for Cu-MnO₂ composite catalysts for indoor, room-temperature HCHO abatement, offering new insights into the design of other composite catalyst materials. Full article

While the petroleum industry undergoes structural adjustments in supply and demand alongside a green and low-carbon transition, water drilling mud generated during oil extraction poses severe environmental challenges. Consequently, addressing the solid waste pollution and disposal issues associated with drilling mud has become critical. In this study, ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized using water drilling mud as a silicon and aluminum source, inexpensive n-butylamine as a template agent, and a combined approach of alkali-melting activation pre-treatment and seed-directed hydrothermal synthesis. By adjusting key parameters such as water content, template agent dosage, and seed addition, optimal synthesis conditions were determined. Based on these conditions, a series of ZSM-5 zeolites with varying silicon-to-aluminum ratios were synthesized. Characterization results from XRD, TEM, SEM, and N₂ adsorption–desorption experiments revealed that all prepared samples exhibited high crystallinity, regular morphology, and high specific surface area. ²⁷Al MAS NMR results indicated that almost aluminum species were located at the framework structures with four-coordination. In the 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene cracking reaction, the conversion rate increased with decreasing silicon-to-aluminum ratio, consistent with variations in acid amount. These findings achieve high-value utilization of waste drilling mud, offering a novel pathway for low-cost synthesis of high-performance ZSM-5 zeolite. This breakthrough injects fresh momentum into the petroleum refining industry’s green sustainable development, fostering a win–win scenario that harmonizes ecological conservation with industrial profitability. Full article

Benzophenones (BPs) and derivatives are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely used in personal care products, food packaging, and flavoring ingredients. This systematic review and bibliometric analysis aimed to identify and summarize analytical methods used to determine BPs in human milk and infant formulas. Furthermore, the bibliometric evaluation explored publication trends by journal, citation count, and geographical distribution, providing insight into the global research landscape on this topic. The most employed sample preparation techniques included liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, low-temperature partitioning, QuEChERS, and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, frequently combined with enzymatic treatments with β-glucuronidase or arylsulfatase to improve recovery and sensitivity. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) were the predominant analytical platforms, with LC–MS being the most used for its ability to detect BPs without derivatization. Recent studies have shown a trend of replacing conventional organic solvents with greener, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approaches, such as miniaturized methods. This trend aligns with Green Analytical Chemistry principles and highlights the need for ongoing methodological and regulatory advancements to ensure food safety and protect public health. Full article

The development of cost-effective, eco-friendly, sensitive, and efficient analytical platforms for the monitoring of metal ions holds profound practical value. In this work, edible fungus carbon quantum dots (Ef-CQDs) are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route using edible fungus as a green carbon precursor, and a novel fluorescence sensing strategy is established for the rapid and selective detection of Cr³⁺ in environmental water matrices. Systematic optical investigations revealed that the as-prepared Ef-CQDs displayed outstanding selectivity toward Cr³⁺ over other coexisting metal ions. Meanwhile, the Ef-CQDs exhibited considerable scavenging activity toward hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals, endowing them with favorable antioxidant performance. When applied for Cr³⁺ determination in real environmental water samples, the proposed Ef-CQDs achieved satisfactory spiked recoveries ranging from 95.2% to 100.6%. This study provided a promising and sustainable approach for the green, rapid, and reliable monitoring of Cr³⁺ in complex aqueous environments. Full article

Biocoagulants derived from Moringa oleifera Lam seeds are a sustainable alternative for water clarification, but require preparation adapted to the treatment of the dark waters of the Amazon River. This study compared the effectiveness of three coagulant preparation methods from moringa seeds: powder (B1), saline solution (B2), and aqueous solution (B3) in the clarification of samples collected on the shore of Macapá (Amapá—AP), Brazil. The tests were performed using a jar test (fast mixing of 100 rpm for 3 min and slow mixing of 20 rpm for 15 min), with dosages of 20 to 200 mg·L⁻¹, and sedimentation times between 10 and 60 min. The optimized conditions were: 80 mg·L⁻¹/20 min (B1), 40 mg·L⁻¹/30 min (B2), and 40 mg·L⁻¹/40 min (B3). The maximum removals achieved by clarification were as follows: apparent color (92.6%), turbidity (79.4%), chloride (70.9%), ammonia (81.2%), aluminum (99.1%), copper (85.4%), iron (85.8%), and manganese (100.0%). The saline solution was the most efficient. Filtration brought additional improvements to the treated water. It was found that the moringa coagulant was effective in removing contaminants from the waters of the Amazon River, standing out as a green, sustainable, and low-cost technology. However, disinfection would be necessary to improve its microbiological quality. Full article

Toxicological testing for drugs of abuse (DOAs) is an essential tool for healthcare practitioners and law enforcement agencies. Oral fluid (OF) is an alternative biological fluid for detecting recent DOA intake and is widely employed in forensic investigations. In the current study, a relatively novel and “green” fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) procedure for sample preparation was coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to provide simplicity, cost-effectiveness, rapidity, low solvent consumption, and high analytical performance for the quantitative determination of ten commonly encountered DOAs and metabolites: amphetamine, benzoylecgonine, cocaine, codeine, ecgonine methyl ester, methadone, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, and morphine. The FPSE procedure was optimized by testing different filters, pH, extraction time, and solvents. The validated method demonstrated excellent linearity for all analytes, selectivity, acceptable precision, and high sensitivity (ranges for limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.01–2 ng/mL and 0.03–6 ng/mL, respectively). Autosampler and short-term freeze stability exceeded 95% and 90% for all analytes, respectively. Overall, the combination of FPSE with LC–MS/MS provided a sensitive, selective, and environmentally friendly innovative analytical approach for the determination of DOA in OF and is suitable for both screening and confirmatory forensic and clinical applications. Full article

Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide, and the rise of synthetic and semi-synthetic cannabinoids poses growing public health concerns due to their high potency and unpredictable effects. This study presents a new analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of natural and semi-synthetic cannabinoids (cannabidiol (CDB), Δ⁸-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆⁸-THC), Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆⁹-THC), and hexahydrocannabinol (HHC)) in saliva using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) as a green sample preparation. The optimized method showed satisfactory recoveries (57.3–80.6%), low detection and quantification limits (1.25 and 4.13 ng/mL, respectively), excellent linearity (r² ≥ 0.9963), and robust precision and accuracy. Application to authentic saliva samples demonstrated cannabinoid levels consistent with literature values. Overall, the proposed methodology offers a cost-effective, miniaturized, and environmentally sustainable platform for routine oral fluid cannabinoid analysis, highlighting its potential for forensic, clinical, and toxicological applications. Full article