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Keywords = glucose oxidase (GOD)

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15 pages, 3378 KiB  
Article
Dendritic Gold Nanoparticles Loaded on 3D Graphene-like Surface and Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Enhanced Glucose Biosensing
by Zifeng Zhu, Yiming Zhao, Yongming Ruan, Xuexiang Weng and Gesmi Milcovich
Biosensors 2025, 15(4), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040246 - 12 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 639
Abstract
Background/Objectives: In this study, AuDNs/EPLE composite electrodes with hierarchical dendritic nanogold structures were fabricated using the in situ electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles through the i-t method. Methods: A conductive polymer composite membrane, PEDOT, was synthesized via the electropolymerization of EDOT and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: In this study, AuDNs/EPLE composite electrodes with hierarchical dendritic nanogold structures were fabricated using the in situ electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles through the i-t method. Methods: A conductive polymer composite membrane, PEDOT, was synthesized via the electropolymerization of EDOT and the negatively charged PSS. The negatively charged SO3 groups on the surface of the PEDOT membrane were electrostatically adsorbed with the glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme and a positively charged chitosan co-solution (GOD/chit+). Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly approach, GOD was incorporated into the multilayers of the composite electrode to create the composite GOD/chit+/PEDOT/AuDNs/EPLE. Results: Electrochemical analysis revealed a GOD surface coverage of 8.5 × 10−10 mol cm−2 and an electron transfer rate of 1.394 ± 0.02 s−1. The composite electrode exhibited a linear response to glucose in the concentration range of 6.923 × 10−2 mM to 1.54 mM, with an apparent Michaelis constant of 0.352 ± 0.02 mM. Furthermore, the GOD/chit+/PEDOT/AuDNs/EPLE also showed good accuracy of glucose determination in human serum samples. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of the GOD/chit+/PEDOT/AuDNs/EPLE composite electrode in the development of efficient enzymatic biofuel cells for glucose sensing and energy harvesting applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanosensors for Bioanalysis)
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13 pages, 3764 KiB  
Article
Study of a Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Based on Bi2Ru2O7 Pyrochlore Clusters Combined with MWCNTs
by Jelena Isailović, Aleksandra Dapčević, Milan Žunić, Matjaž Finšgar, Kristijan Vidović, Nikola Tasić and Samo B. Hočevar
Chemosensors 2025, 13(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13030109 - 15 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
The development of sensitive, selective, and reliable glucose biosensors remains a persistent challenge in clinical diagnostics. In this study, we exploited the advantageous (electro)catalytic properties of bismuth ruthenate (Bi2Ru2O7) pyrochlore clusters, known for their high surface activity [...] Read more.
The development of sensitive, selective, and reliable glucose biosensors remains a persistent challenge in clinical diagnostics. In this study, we exploited the advantageous (electro)catalytic properties of bismuth ruthenate (Bi2Ru2O7) pyrochlore clusters, known for their high surface activity and metallic-like conductivity, and the favorable physicochemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by combining them with glucose oxidase (GOD) in a sensitive and selective disposable glucose biosensor. The integration of Bi2Ru2O7 enabled an enhanced and more reproducible response of the biosensor along with fast and improved communication between the supporting electrode and the upper biosensing layer. The architecture of the biosensor involves the deposition of an MWCNT layer on a ferrocyanide-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (FCN-SPCE), followed by the application of a biorecognition layer including GOD and Bi2Ru2O7 clusters. The voltammetric biosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance, capable of detecting low glucose concentrations with a detection limit of 40 µM along with a linear response across the examined concentration range of 1.0–20.0 mM. The biosensor exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2% and interference-free operation against several of the most common interfering compounds. The practical applicability of the biosensor was demonstrated by the determination of glucose in a real serum sample spiked with different concentrations of glucose. Full article
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16 pages, 3521 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Thermal and Storage Stability of Glucose Oxidase via Encapsulation in Chitosan-Coated Alginate and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gel Particles
by Zhihao Guo, Jian Ren and Chunli Song
Foods 2025, 14(4), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040664 - 15 Feb 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1221
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is widely used as an important oxidoreductase in various fields. However, maintaining the vitality and stability of GOD under environmental stress is a challenge. To improve the thermal and storage stability of GOD, this study constructed sodium alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose sodium [...] Read more.
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is widely used as an important oxidoreductase in various fields. However, maintaining the vitality and stability of GOD under environmental stress is a challenge. To improve the thermal and storage stability of GOD, this study constructed sodium alginate–carboxymethyl cellulose sodium gel particles (SA/CMC) and chitosan-coated SA/CMC gel particles (CS/SA/CMC) of GOD. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), gel particle structure, stability, and release behavior of GOD were evaluated. The results showed that the thermal stability of GOD encapsulated in SA/CMC and CS/SA/CMC gel particles was improved by approximately 2.8-fold and 4.3-fold compared with the free enzyme at 85 °C, respectively. In addition, CS/SA/CMC gel particles enhanced the enzyme activity retention rate of GOD to over 80% during storage at 4 °C for four weeks. Both SA/CMC and CS/SA/CMC gel particles loaded with GOD had more than 70% of the enzymes released during the simulated gastrointestinal experiment. The results demonstrated that encapsulating GOD in SA/CMC and CS/SA/CMC gel particles could improve its thermal stability and storage stability, which is conducive to further expanding the application of GOD in food, pharmaceutical and feed industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Packaging and Preservation)
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14 pages, 3594 KiB  
Article
A Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Carbendazim Detection Based on Synergy Amplified Effect of Bioelectrocatalysis and Nanocomposites
by Wenjing Lian, Xinyu Zhang, Yongbin Han, Xintong Li and Hongyun Liu
Polymers 2025, 17(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17010092 - 1 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1048
Abstract
The highly selective and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in food is critical for human health protection. Herein, the specific selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed to construct an electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbendazim (CBD), one of the famous [...] Read more.
The highly selective and sensitive determination of pesticide residues in food is critical for human health protection. Herein, the specific selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed to construct an electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbendazim (CBD), one of the famous broad-spectrum fungicides, by combining with the synergistic effect of bioelectrocatalysis and nanocomposites. Gold nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide (AuNP-rGO) composites were electrodeposited on a polished glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then the MIP films were electropolymerized on the surface of the nanolayer using CBD as the template molecule and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as the monomer. The detection sensitivity of CBD on the heterogeneous structure films was greatly amplified by AuNP-rGO composites and the bioelectrochemical oxidation of glucose, which was catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOD) with the help of mediator in the underlying solution. The developed sensor showed high selectivity, good reproducibility, and excellent stability towards CBD with the linear range from 2.0 × 10−9 to 7.0 × 10−5 M, and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.68 nM (S/N = 3). The expected system would provide a new idea for the development of simple and sensitive molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MIESs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
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15 pages, 2057 KiB  
Article
Screening Germplasms and Detecting Quantitative Trait Loci for High Sucrose Content in Soybean
by Se-Hee Kang, Seo-Young Shin, Byeong Hee Kang, Sreeparna Chowdhury, Won-Ho Lee, Woon Ji Kim, Jeong-Dong Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Yu-Mi Choi and Bo-Keun Ha
Plants 2024, 13(19), 2815; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13192815 - 8 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1175
Abstract
Sucrose is a desirable component of processed soybean foods and animal feed, and thus, its content is used as an important characteristic for assessing the quality of soybean seeds. However, few studies have focused on the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sucrose [...] Read more.
Sucrose is a desirable component of processed soybean foods and animal feed, and thus, its content is used as an important characteristic for assessing the quality of soybean seeds. However, few studies have focused on the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sucrose regulation in soybean seeds. This study aims to measure the sucrose content of 1014 soybean accessions and identify genes related to high sucrose levels using QTL analysis. Colorimetric analysis based on the enzymatic reaction of invertase (INV) and glucose oxidase (GOD) was employed to test the germplasms. A total of six high-sucrose genetic resources (IT186230, IT195321, IT263138, IT263276, IT263286, and IT276521) and two low-sucrose genetic resources (IT025668 and IT274054) were identified. Two F2:3 populations, IT186230 × IT025668 and Ilmi × IT186230, were then established from these germplasms. QTL analysis identified four QTLs (qSUC6.1, qSUC11.1, qSUC15.1, and qSUC17.1), explaining 7.3–27.6% of the phenotypic variation in the sugar content. Twenty candidate genes were found at the four QTLs. Notably, Glyma.17G152300, located in the qSUC17.1 QTL region, exhibited a 17-fold higher gene expression in the high-sucrose germplasm IT186230 compared to the control germplasm Ilmi, confirming its role as a major gene regulating the sucrose content in soybean. These results may assist in marker-assisted selection for breeding programs that aim to develop soybean lines with a higher sucrose content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Selection and Marker-Assisted Breeding in Crops)
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25 pages, 6771 KiB  
Article
Elevated ROS Levels Caused by Reductions in GSH and AsA Contents Lead to Grain Yield Reduction in Qingke under Continuous Cropping
by Xue Gao, Jianxin Tan, Kaige Yi, Baogang Lin, Pengfei Hao, Tao Jin and Shuijin Hua
Plants 2024, 13(7), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13071003 - 31 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1640
Abstract
Continuous spring cropping of Qingke (Hordeum viilgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) results in a reduction in grain yield in the Xizang autonomous region. However, knowledge on the influence of continuous cropping on grain yield caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress [...] Read more.
Continuous spring cropping of Qingke (Hordeum viilgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) results in a reduction in grain yield in the Xizang autonomous region. However, knowledge on the influence of continuous cropping on grain yield caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress remains scarce. A systematic comparison of the antioxidant defensive profile at seedling, tillering, jointing, flowering, and filling stages (T1 to T5) of Qingke was conducted based on a field experiment including 23-year continuous cropping (23y-CC) and control (the first year planted) treatments. The results reveal that the grain yield and superoxide anion (SOA) level under 23y-CC were significantly decreased (by 38.67% and 36.47%), when compared to the control. The hydrogen peroxide content under 23y-CC was 8.69% higher on average than under the control in the early growth stages. The higher ROS level under 23y-CC resulted in membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) at later stages, with an average increment of 29.67% and 3.77 times higher than that in control plants. Qingke plants accumulated more hydrogen peroxide at early developmental stages due to the partial conversion of SOA by glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other production pathways, such as the glucose oxidase (GOD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) pathways. The reduced regeneration ability due to the high oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to GSH ratio resulted in GSH deficiency while the reduction in L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity in the AsA biosynthesis pathway, higher enzymatic activities (including ascorbate peroxidase, APX; and ascorbate oxidase, AAO), and lower activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) all led to a lower AsA content under continuous cropping. The lower antioxidant capacity due to lower contents of antioxidants such as flavonoids and tannins, detected through both physiological measurement and metabolomics analysis, further deteriorated the growth of Qingke through ROS stress under continuous cropping. Our results provide new insights into the manner in which ROS stress regulates grain yield in the context of continuous Qingke cropping. Full article
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12 pages, 3728 KiB  
Article
A Novel Biosensor for the Detection of Glucose Concentration Using the Dual-Peak Long Period Grating in the Near- to Mid-Infrared
by Namita Sahoo, Bing Sun, Yidong Tan, Kaiming Zhou and Lin Zhang
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041247 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2554
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate an improved efficient fibre sensor with a high sensitivity to measure glucose concentrations in the physiological range of human beings, operating in a broad spectral bandwidth from the near- to mid-infrared. The sensor consists of a dual-peak long [...] Read more.
In this article, we demonstrate an improved efficient fibre sensor with a high sensitivity to measure glucose concentrations in the physiological range of human beings, operating in a broad spectral bandwidth from the near- to mid-infrared. The sensor consists of a dual-peak long period grating (DPLPG) with a period of 150 μm inscribed in an optical fibre with a diameter of 80 μm. The investigation of sensing for refractive index results in a sensitivity of ~−885.7 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) and ~2008.6 nm/RIU in the range of 1.30–1.44. The glucose measurement is achieved by the immobilisation of a layer of enzyme of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto the fibre surface for the selective enhancement of sensitivity for glucose. The sensor can measure glucose concentrations with a maximum sensitivity of −36.25 nm/(mg/mL) in the range of 0.1–3.0 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest sensitivity ever achieved for a measurement of glucose with a long period grating-based sensor, indicating its potential for many applications including pharmaceutical, biomedical and food industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Grating Sensors and Applications)
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12 pages, 4100 KiB  
Communication
A Small Highly Sensitive Glucose Sensor Based on a Glucose Oxidase-Modified U-Shaped Microfiber
by Tingkuo Chen, Haiming Jiang, Kang Xie and Hongyan Xia
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020684 - 21 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2685
Abstract
Diabetes patients need to monitor blood glucose all year round. In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for blood glucose detection. The proposed sensor is based on a U-shaped microfiber prepared using hydrogen-oxygen flame-heating technology, and then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glucose oxidase [...] Read more.
Diabetes patients need to monitor blood glucose all year round. In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for blood glucose detection. The proposed sensor is based on a U-shaped microfiber prepared using hydrogen-oxygen flame-heating technology, and then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glucose oxidase (GOD) are successively coated on the surface of the U-shaped microfiber via a coating technique. The glucose reacts with the GOD of the sensor surface to produce gluconic acid, which changes the effective refractive index and then shifts the interference wavelength. The structure and morphology of the sensor were characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLM). The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 5.73 nm/(mg/mL). Compared with the glucose sensor composed of the same material, the sensitivity of the sensor increased by 329%. The proposed sensor has a broad application prospect in blood glucose detection of diabetic patients due to the advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, and good stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)
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14 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Glucose Sensor Using Sol–Gel Coating Layer Deposited on PMMA Optical Fiber: An Enzyme Activity Measurement System
by Jorge-A. Ortega-Contreras, Edgar Alvarado-Méndez, Guillermo Almanza-Rodríguez, María del Carmen Hernández and Luis Celaya-García
Gels 2023, 9(8), 608; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9080608 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
In the present work, a biocatalytic glucose optical sensor produced by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) as a recognition molecule over a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) optical fiber is introduced. An enzymatic encapsulation process was carried out using the sol–gel method, depositing a TEOS-based coating by [...] Read more.
In the present work, a biocatalytic glucose optical sensor produced by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) as a recognition molecule over a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) optical fiber is introduced. An enzymatic encapsulation process was carried out using the sol–gel method, depositing a TEOS-based coating by immersion at the end of an optical fiber; the biosensor was characterized using different glucose levels. Finally, the best way to encapsulate the enzyme and prevent it from degrading is to perform the process at room temperature, and later implement the deposition of the coating on the fiber. The drying process was optimal below 8 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Current Applications in Gel-Based Membranes)
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20 pages, 4151 KiB  
Review
Nanomaterials with Glucose Oxidase-Mimicking Activity for Biomedical Applications
by Shengyi Min, Qiao Yu, Jiaquan Ye, Pengfei Hao, Jiayu Ning, Zhiqiang Hu and Yu Chong
Molecules 2023, 28(12), 4615; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124615 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4879
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which has been widely used in industrial raw materials production, biosensors and cancer treatment. However, natural GOD bears intrinsic [...] Read more.
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which has been widely used in industrial raw materials production, biosensors and cancer treatment. However, natural GOD bears intrinsic disadvantages, such as poor stability and a complex purification process, which undoubtedly restricts its biomedical applications. Fortunately, several artificial nanomaterials have been recently discovered with a GOD-like activity and their catalytic efficiency toward glucose oxidation can be finely optimized for diverse biomedical applications in biosensing and disease treatments. In view of the notable progress of GOD-mimicking nanozymes, this review systematically summarizes the representative GOD-mimicking nanomaterials for the first time and depicts their proposed catalytic mechanisms. We then introduce the efficient modulation strategy to improve the catalytic activity of existing GOD-mimicking nanomaterials. Finally, the potential biomedical applications in glucose detection, DNA bioanalysis and cancer treatment are highlighted. We believe that the development of nanomaterials with a GOD-like activity will expand the application range of GOD-based systems and lead to new opportunities of GOD-mimicking nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy)
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14 pages, 4533 KiB  
Article
Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on BSA Cross-Linked Nanocomposite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
by Yang-Yang Li, Xin-Xin Ma, Xin-Yan Song, Lin-Lin Ma, Yu-Ying Li, Xin Meng, Yu-Jie Chen, Ke-Xin Xu, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi, Bao-Lin Xiao and Jun Hong
Sensors 2023, 23(6), 3209; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063209 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4197
Abstract
Glucose sensors based blood glucose detection are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes because diabetes has aroused wide concern in the world. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to cross-link glucose oxidase (GOD) on a glassy [...] Read more.
Glucose sensors based blood glucose detection are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes because diabetes has aroused wide concern in the world. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to cross-link glucose oxidase (GOD) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by a composite of hydroxy fullerene (HFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and protected with a glutaraldehyde (GLA)/Nafion (NF) composite membrane to prepare a novel glucose biosensor. The modified materials were analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The prepared MWCNTs-HFs composite has excellent conductivity, the addition of BSA regulates MWCNTs-HFs hydrophobicity and biocompatibility, and better immobilizes GOD on MWCNTs-HFs. MWCNTs-BSA-HFs plays a synergistic role in the electrochemical response to glucose. The biosensor shows high sensitivity (167 μA·mM−1·cm−2), wide calibration range (0.01–3.5 mM), and low detection limit (17 μM). The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant Kmapp is 119 μM. Additionally, the proposed biosensor has good selectivity and excellent storage stability (120 days). The practicability of the biosensor was evaluated in real plasma samples, and the recovery rate was satisfactory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors)
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14 pages, 3287 KiB  
Article
Sequential Injection Amperometric System Coupling with Bioreactor for In-Line Glucose Monitoring in Cell Culture Application
by Chanyanut Wongsa, Suruk Udomsom, Apiwat Budwong, Kanokwan Kiwfo, Kate Grudpan and Pathinan Paengnakorn
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6665; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196665 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
We proposed a specially designed sequential injection (SI) amperometric system coupling with a bioreactor for in-line glucose monitoring in cell culture. The system is composed of three main parts which are the bioreactor, SI system, and electrochemical detection unit. The bioreactor accommodates six [...] Read more.
We proposed a specially designed sequential injection (SI) amperometric system coupling with a bioreactor for in-line glucose monitoring in cell culture. The system is composed of three main parts which are the bioreactor, SI system, and electrochemical detection unit. The bioreactor accommodates six individual cell culture units which can be operated separately under different conditions. The SI system enables automatic in-line sampling and in-line sample dilution, with a specially designed mixing unit; therefore, it has the benefits of fast analysis time and less contamination risk. The use of 3D-printed microfluidic components, a mixing channel, and a flow cell helped to reduce operational time and sample volume. A disposable screen-printed electrode (SPE), modified with glucose oxidase (GOD), carbon nanotube, and gold nanoparticle, was used for detection. The developed system provided a linear range up to 3.8 mM glucose in cell culture media. In order to work with cell culture in higher glucose media, the in-line sample dilution can be applied. The developed SI system was demonstrated with mouse fibroblast (L929) cell culture. The results show that glucose concentration obtained from the SI system is comparable with that obtained from the conventional colorimetric method. This work can be further developed and applied for in vitro cell-based experiments in biomedical research. Full article
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18 pages, 33218 KiB  
Article
Construct α-FeOOH-Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel as a Carrier for Glucose Oxidase Electrode
by Yue Yao, Changyu Hou and Xin Zhang
Membranes 2022, 12(5), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050447 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
A promising α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel (FeOOH-GA) has been prepared for the assembly of an enzyme electrode. The α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray [...] Read more.
A promising α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel (FeOOH-GA) has been prepared for the assembly of an enzyme electrode. The α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results reveal that graphene oxide is reduced by Fe2+ ion and α-FeOOH nanorods anchored on the reduced graphene oxide sheet through the Fe-O-C bond. Analyses using scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method show that FeOOH-GA displays a various and interconnected pore structure. The FeOOH-GA was used as a support material on the glass carbon electrode (GCE) for glucose oxidase (GOD). Electrochemistry properties and bioelectrocatalytic activities of Nafion/GOD/FeOOH-GA/GCE were achieved from cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that Nafion/GOD/FeOOH-GA/GCE maintains outstanding catalytic activity and electrochemical properties. The FeOOH-GA could immobilize GOD through the hydrophobicity of the reduced graphene oxide and hydroxide radical of α-FeOOH. Appropriate α-FeOOH and diversified pore structure are beneficial for electron transfer, enzyme electrode storage, and interfacial electron transfer rate. All results indicated that the α-FeOOH-reduced graphene oxide aerogel as a carrier could effectively immobilize the tested enzyme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Membranes for Energy Storages and Fuel Cells)
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16 pages, 838 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dietary Glucose Oxidase Supplementation on the Performance, Apparent Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility, and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens
by Yong Meng, Haonan Huo, Yang Zhang, Shiping Bai, Ruisheng Wang, Keying Zhang, Xuemei Ding, Jianping Wang, Qiufeng Zeng, Huanwei Peng and Yue Xuan
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102909 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3027
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) supplementation on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota in the ileum of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old male broilers were randomly allotted [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) supplementation on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota in the ileum of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old male broilers were randomly allotted to four groups of 10 replicates each with 15 birds per replicate cage. The four treatments included the basal diet without antibiotics (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1000 U GOD/kg diet (E250, E500 or E1000). The samples of different intestinal segments, ileal mucosa, and ileal digesta were collected on d 42. Dietary GOD supplementation did not affect daily bodyweight gain (DBWG) and the ratio of feed consumption and bodyweight gain (FCR) during d 1-21 (p > 0.05); however, the E250 treatment increased DBWG (p = 0.03) during d 22–42 as compared to control. Dietary GOD supplementation increased the AIDs of arginine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, cysteine, serine, and tyrosine (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed among the GOD added groups. The E250 treatment increased the villus height of the jejunum and ileum. The concentrations of secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in ileal mucosa and the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in ileal digesta were higher in the E250 group than in the control (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences among E500, E1000, and control groups. The E250 treatment increased the richness of ileal microbiota, but E500 and E100 treatment did not significantly affect it. Dietary E250 treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus genus, while it decreased the relative abundance of genus Escherichina-Shigella (p < 0.05). Phylum Fusobacteria only colonized in the ileal digesta of E500 treated broilers and E500 and E1000 did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus and Escherichina-Shigella genera as compared to control. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 250 U GOD/kg diet improves the growth performance of broilers during d 22–42, which might be associated with the alteration of the intestinal morphology, SCFAs composition, and ileal microbiota composition. Full article
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12 pages, 3130 KiB  
Article
Construction of Novel Nanocomposites (Cu-MOF/GOD@HA) for Chemodynamic Therapy
by Ya-Nan Hao, Cong-Cong Qu, Yang Shu, Jian-Hua Wang and Wei Chen
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1843; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11071843 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6093
Abstract
The emerging chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received an extensive attention in recent years. However, the efficiency of CDT is influenced due to the limitation of H2O2 in tumor. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel core-shell nanostructure, Cu-metal [...] Read more.
The emerging chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received an extensive attention in recent years. However, the efficiency of CDT is influenced due to the limitation of H2O2 in tumor. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel core-shell nanostructure, Cu-metal organic framework (Cu-MOF)/glucose oxidase (GOD)@hyaluronic acid (HA) (Cu-MOF/GOD@HA) for the purpose of improving CDT efficacy by increasing H2O2 concentration and cancer cell targeting. In this design, Cu-MOF act as a CDT agent and GOD carrier. Cu(II) in Cu-MOF are reduced to Cu(I) by GSH to obtain Cu(I)-MOF while GSH is depleted. The depletion of GSH reinforces the concentration of H2O2 in tumor to improve the efficiency of CDT. The resultant Cu(I)-MOF catalyze H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) for CDT. GOD can catalyze glucose (Glu) to supply H2O2 for CDT enhancement. HA act as a targeting molecule to improve the targeting ability of Cu-MOF/GOD@HA to the tumor cells. In addition, after loading with GOD and coating with HA, the proportion of Cu(I) in Cu-MOF/GOD@HA is increased compared with the proportion of Cu(I) in Cu-MOF. This phenomenon may shorten the reactive time from Cu-MOF to Cu(I)-MOF. The CDT enhancement as a result of GOD and HA effects in Cu-MOF/GOD@HA was evidenced by in vitro cell and in vivo animal studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Luminescence Nanomaterials and Applications)
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