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Search Results (363)

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Keywords = family physical activity intervention

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11 pages, 1225 KiB  
Article
Prediction of Children’s Subjective Well-Being from Physical Activity and Sports Participation Using Machine Learning Techniques: Evidence from a Multinational Study
by Josivaldo de Souza-Lima, Gerson Ferrari, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Frano Giakoni-Ramírez, Catalina Muñoz-Strale, Javiera Alarcon-Aguilar, Maribel Parra-Saldias, Daniel Duclos-Bastias, Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, José Bruneau-Chávez and Pedro Valdivia-Moral
Children 2025, 12(8), 1083; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081083 - 18 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Traditional models like ordinary least squares (OLS) struggle to capture non-linear relationships in children’s subjective well-being (SWB), which is associated with physical activity. This study evaluated machine learning (ML) for predicting SWB, focusing on sports participation, and explored theoretical prediction limits [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Traditional models like ordinary least squares (OLS) struggle to capture non-linear relationships in children’s subjective well-being (SWB), which is associated with physical activity. This study evaluated machine learning (ML) for predicting SWB, focusing on sports participation, and explored theoretical prediction limits using a global dataset. It addresses a gap in understanding complex patterns across diverse cultural contexts. Methods: We analyzed 128,184 records from the ISCWeB survey (ages 6–14, 35 countries), with self-reported data on sports frequency, emotional states, and family support. To ensure cross-country generalizability, we used GroupKFold CV (grouped by country) and leave-one-country-out (LOCO) validation, yielding mean R2 = 0.45 ± 0.05, confirming robustness beyond cultural patterns, SHAP for interpretability, and bootstrapping for error estimation. No pre-registration was required for this secondary analysis. Results: XGBoost and LightGBM outperformed OLS, achieving R2 up to 0.504 in restricted datasets (sensitivity excluding affective leakage: R2 = 0.35), with sports-related variables (e.g., exercise frequency) associated positively with SWB predictions (SHAP values: +0.15–0.25; incremental ΔR2 = 0.06 over demographics/family/school base). Using test–retest reliability from literature (r = 0.74), the estimated irreducible RMSE reached 0.941; XGBoost achieved RMSE = 1.323, approaching the predictability bound with 68.1% of explainable variance captured (after noise adjustment). Partial dependence plots showed linear associations with exercise without satiation and slight age decline. Conclusions: ML improves SWB prediction in children, highlighting associations with sports participation, and approaches predictable variance bounds. These findings suggest potential for data-driven tools to identify patterns, such as through physical literacy pathways, informing physical activity interventions. However, longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality and address cultural biases in self-reports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle and Children's Health Development)
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19 pages, 473 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression in Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Heart Failure Patients
by Maria Polikandrioti, Athanasia Tsami, Vasiliki Tsoulou and Andriana Maggita
Healthcare 2025, 13(16), 1986; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13161986 - 13 Aug 2025
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patients with heart failure (HF) experience increased morbidity, limited daily activities, and diminished quality of life (QoL), thus relying on a family member, widely known as informal caregiver, for support. The objective of this study was to explore (a) QoL, anxiety, and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Patients with heart failure (HF) experience increased morbidity, limited daily activities, and diminished quality of life (QoL), thus relying on a family member, widely known as informal caregiver, for support. The objective of this study was to explore (a) QoL, anxiety, and depression; (b) factors associated with QoL; and (c) the impact of associated factors on QoL among HF caregivers. Materials and methods: Data collection was performed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs), and the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS). Also recorded were characteristics of caregivers and patients. Results: In the present study, 110 HF caregivers and the family members they provided care to were enrolled. The majority of caregivers were patients’ spouses (60%) and were female (71.8%). Within a QoL score range of 0–100, caregivers showed moderate to high levels in role-physical, role-emotional, emotional well-being, and pain (median: 75, 66.7, 64, and 67.5, respectively); moderate QoL levels in energy/fatigue, social functioning, and general health (median: 55, 56.3, and 62, respectively); and poor QoL levels in physical functioning (median: 18). Moreover, 64.5% of caregivers had anxiety and 41.8% had depression. Caregivers with HADs scores that indicate anxiety and depression had worse QoL (p = 0.001). No association was detected between caregivers’ QoL and patients’ HADs and self-care. Conclusions: QoL and anxiety/depression merit further research by clinicians, health systems, and policymakers so that evidence-based policies and interventional programs tailored to their needs can be implemented. Full article
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28 pages, 820 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effects of Nutritional Education and School-Based Exercise Intervention Programs on Preschool and Primary School Children’s Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Markel Rico-González, Daniel González-Devesa, Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona and Adrián Moreno-Villanueva
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8564; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158564 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 368
Abstract
Childhood obesity increases chronic disease risk, but no comprehensive synthesis has evaluated the impact of school-based combined nutrition education and physical activity interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers in children aged 3 to 12 years. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines [...] Read more.
Childhood obesity increases chronic disease risk, but no comprehensive synthesis has evaluated the impact of school-based combined nutrition education and physical activity interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers in children aged 3 to 12 years. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251085194). Five databases were systematically searched through June 2025. Twelve randomized controlled trials involving 18,231 children were included and assessed using the PEDro scale. Ten trials demonstrated significant improvements in at least one cardiometabolic biomarker. Blood pressure (8 studies) outcomes showed systolic reductions of 1.41–6.0 mmHg in six studies. Glucose metabolism (5 studies) improved in two studies with reductions of 0.20–0.22 mmol/L. Lipid profiles (7 studies) improved in three studies, including total cholesterol (−0.32 mmol/L). Insulin levels (5 studies) decreased significantly in two investigations. Anthropometric improvements included BMI and body fat. Physical activity increased by >45 min/week and dietary habits improved significantly. Programs with daily implementation (90-min sessions 4x/week), longer duration (≥12 months), family involvement (parent education), and curriculum integration (classroom lessons) showed superior effectiveness. Interventions targeting children with overweight/obesity demonstrated higher changes compared to the general population. However, methodological limitations included a lack of assessor blinding, absence of subject/therapist blinding, and inadequate retention rates. School-based interventions combining nutrition and physical activity can produce significant improvements in cardiometabolic biomarkers, supporting comprehensive, sustained multicomponent programs for early chronic disease prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research of Sports Medicine and Health Care: Second Edition)
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20 pages, 820 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Impact of Antidepressant and Anti-Anxiety Use Among Saudi Medical Students: A National Cross-Sectional Study
by Daniyah A. Almarghalani, Kholoud M. Al-Otaibi, Samah Y. Labban, Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman, Noor A. Alzahrani, Reuof Aljuhaiman and Yahya F. Jamous
Healthcare 2025, 13(15), 1854; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13151854 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 560
Abstract
Background: Mental health issues among medical students have gained increasing attention globally, with studies indicating a high prevalence of psychological disorders within this population. The use of antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications has become a common response to these mental health challenges. However, it [...] Read more.
Background: Mental health issues among medical students have gained increasing attention globally, with studies indicating a high prevalence of psychological disorders within this population. The use of antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications has become a common response to these mental health challenges. However, it is crucial to understand the extent of their usage and associated effects on students’ mental health and academic performance. This cross-sectional study explored the use of antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs and their impact on the mental health of medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 561 medical students from 34 universities was conducted between March and July 2024. An anonymous online questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic, mental health, and medication usage-related information. Results: Most of the participants were female (71.5%) and aged 21–25 years (62.7%). Approximately 23.8% of them used antidepressants, 5.6% reported using anti-anxiety medications, and 14.0% used both types of medication. Among the medication users, 71.7% were using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and 28.3% were using other medications. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 58.8% of the participants, and 39.6% changed drugs with inadequate efficacy. Notably, 49.0% of the respondents who have ever used medications discontinued their medication without consulting a healthcare professional. Despite these challenges, 62.0% of the participants felt that their medications had a positive impact on their academic performance, 73.4% believed that the benefits outweighed the drawbacks, and 76.2% expressed a willingness to continue taking their medication. In particular, 77.6% agreed that treatment with these drugs could prevent mental breakdowns. Sleep duration, physical activity, and family history of psychiatric disorders were significantly associated with medication use, with p values of 0.002, 0.014, and 0.042, respectively. Conclusions: These results shed light on the need to understand the prescribing practices of antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs among medical students while promoting the appropriate use of these medications among the students. There is a need to incorporate mental health interventions into counseling services and awareness programs to support students. Future longitudinal studies are needed to explore long-term trends. Full article
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17 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
High Antenatal Psychosocial Risk Among Pregnant Women in Bulgaria: Evidence to Support Routine Mental-Health Screening
by Elitsa Gyokova, Eleonora Hristova-Atanasova and Georgi Iskrov
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(14), 5158; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14145158 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
Background: Antenatal depression and anxiety contribute significantly to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, structured screening and targeted interventions are largely absent from standard prenatal care in many Eastern European countries, including Bulgaria. This study examines the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of [...] Read more.
Background: Antenatal depression and anxiety contribute significantly to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, structured screening and targeted interventions are largely absent from standard prenatal care in many Eastern European countries, including Bulgaria. This study examines the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of antenatal psychosocial risk using the validated Antenatal Risk Questionnaire–Revised (ANRQ-R) in a nationally underrepresented population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 216 third-trimester pregnant women in Bulgaria. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours, and reproductive history were collected. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of elevated psychosocial risk. Results: A total of 65.7% of participants met the criteria for elevated psychosocial risk. Significant risk factors included passive smoking exposure during pregnancy (OR = 5.03, p < 0.001), physical activity prior to pregnancy (OR = 1.81, p = 0.004), and a family history of hereditary disease (OR = 42.67, p < 0.001). Protective factors were better self-rated current health (OR = 0.37, p = 0.004), the presence of chronic illness (OR = 0.42, p = 0.049), previous childbirth experience (OR = 0.11, p = 0.032), and residence in Northwestern Bulgaria (OR = 0.31, p = 0.028). Despite the high prevalence of psychosocial vulnerability, only 9.5% of affected women sought professional help. Conclusions: While our findings point to important unmet needs in antenatal mental health, further research is required before national screening policies can be implemented. Pilot programs, cultural validation of tools, and system-level readiness assessments should precede broad adoption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health)
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14 pages, 466 KiB  
Article
Step by Step: Investigating Children’s Physical Activity and Enjoyment in Outdoor Walking with Their Parents
by Patrick M. Filanowski, Jeremy A. Steeves and Emily Slade
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1721; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141721 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Although public health organizations encourage family walking, no studies have examined children’s physical activity and enjoyment during outdoor parent–child walks. This study addresses those gaps by examining children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and enjoyment during outdoor walks with their parents, along [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Although public health organizations encourage family walking, no studies have examined children’s physical activity and enjoyment during outdoor parent–child walks. This study addresses those gaps by examining children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and enjoyment during outdoor walks with their parents, along with parental barriers and their relationship with parent’s self-efficacy and co-activity minutes. Methods: Fifty parent–child dyads (children aged 6–12 years) completed 10 min, self-paced outdoor walks while wearing waist-worn ActiGraph monitors. Parents reported perceived barriers to walking outdoors with their child and self-efficacy for supporting their child’s daily physical activity. Results: Children reported high enjoyment (mean = 5.1 on a six-point scale) and attained high physical activity intensity (71.3% of time in MVPA, 22.0% in vigorous activity, mean step count = 1200). Parents reported an average of 2.6 barriers (SD = 1.0) to walking outdoors with their child, with poor weather (70%) and lack of time (70%) reported most frequently. Each additional barrier was associated with a 1.3-point reduction in parents’ self-efficacy (p = 0.007). Two barriers (‘diverse interests between parent and child’ and ‘other parent-suggested barriers’) were significantly associated with fewer co-activity minutes per week (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study highlights the benefits of parent–child outdoor walking for promoting MVPA and enjoyment in children. Because perceived barriers may lower parents’ self-efficacy in supporting their child’s physical activity, addressing these barriers may be essential for the success of family-based interventions that encourage walking together outdoors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interventions for Preventing Obesity in Children and Adolescents)
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10 pages, 248 KiB  
Article
Psychiatric Comorbidities Associated with Food Addiction in Post-Bariatric Patients: Toward Personalized Mental Health Screening and Postoperative Care
by Ligia Florio, Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro, Kae Leopoldo, Maria Amalia Accari Pedrosa and João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070313 - 14 Jul 2025
Viewed by 320
Abstract
Background: Food addiction (FA) is an emerging construct that mirrors the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of substance use disorders. Despite growing interest, its association with specific psychiatric disorders among bariatric patients remains understudied. Objective: Our aim was to examine the prevalence and strength [...] Read more.
Background: Food addiction (FA) is an emerging construct that mirrors the behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of substance use disorders. Despite growing interest, its association with specific psychiatric disorders among bariatric patients remains understudied. Objective: Our aim was to examine the prevalence and strength of associations between FA and seven major psychiatric disorders in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery. Methods: In a sample of 100 post-bariatric patients referred for psychiatric evaluation, FA was assessed using the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), and psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for the association between FA and each psychiatric disorder, controlling for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), employment status, the number of children, clinical comorbidities, physical activity, family psychiatric history, and region of residence. Results: FA was present in 51% of the sample. Descriptive analyses revealed a significantly higher prevalence of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and bulimia nervosa among individuals with FA. Multivariate models showed robust associations between FA and bulimia nervosa (aOR = 19.42, p < 0.05), generalized anxiety disorder (aOR = 2.88, p < 0.05), obsessive–compulsive disorder (aOR = 6.64, p < 0.05), agoraphobia (aOR = 3.14, p < 0.05), social anxiety disorder (aOR = 4.28, p < 0.05) and major depressive disorder (aOR = 2.79, p < 0.05). Conclusions: FA is strongly associated with a range of psychiatric comorbidities in post-bariatric patients, reinforcing the need for comprehensive mental health screening in this population. These findings underscore the potential role of FA as a clinical marker for stratified risk assessment, supporting more personalized approaches to mental health monitoring and intervention following bariatric surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bariatric Surgery)
24 pages, 543 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Physical Activity on Suicide Attempt in Children: A Systematic Review
by Marissa Patel, Grace Branjerdporn and Sabine Woerwag-Mehta
Children 2025, 12(7), 890; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070890 - 6 Jul 2025
Viewed by 444
Abstract
Suicide in children is a major global health crisis, with profound impacts on families, friends, and society. Understanding ways to ameliorate the rate of suicide attempt (SA) is critical given that it is a key factor in predicting future suicide risk. SA is [...] Read more.
Suicide in children is a major global health crisis, with profound impacts on families, friends, and society. Understanding ways to ameliorate the rate of suicide attempt (SA) is critical given that it is a key factor in predicting future suicide risk. SA is the deliberate act of causing physical injury to oneself with the intent of death. The incidence of SA may be influenced by physical activity (PA). PA includes bodily movement via skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure and physical fitness. While there is evidence to suggest that PA improves dysregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system which underpins the physiology of suicidal behaviour, evaluating the impact of PA on SA in children is required. Objectives: This systematic review aims to determine the relationship between PA and SA in children to inform alternative preventative and interventional strategies. Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023389415. Eight electronic databases were systematically searched. References were transferred to Covidence software for title and abstract screening and full text review were performed based on eligibility criteria: (1) children aged 6–18 years old; (2) participated in PA (individual, group exercise, or team sports); and (3) examined SA as a dependent variable. The JBI Checklist was used to measure the quality and level of bias of included studies. Results: Of the 2322 studies identified, 21 were included in the final analysis of the review. Twenty studies were cross-sectional in design, and one implemented a prospective study design. Thirteen studies (61.9%) yielded statistically significant results, indicating that increased PA, particularly team sport, may be associated with reduced odds of SA. There was some evidence to suggest that certain intensities and frequencies of PA may be beneficial to some and detrimental to other subgroups. Conclusions: The results suggest that PA may reduce the risk of suicide attempts. Although PA may be associated with reduced SA in children, future research is required, which (1) uses standardised outcome variables; (2) adopts longitudinal and experimental study designs; (3) explores qualitative research to determine distinctive factors that influence participation in PA not captured by quantitative research; and (4) examines different target populations such as children with a broad range of mental health issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Global Pediatric Health)
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19 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing Health-Related Practices Among Hispanic Parents: A Formative Study to Inform Childhood Obesity Prevention
by Ana Paola Campos, Julian Robles, Katherine E. Matthes, Maihan B. Vu, Ramine C. Alexander and Rachel W. Goode
Children 2025, 12(7), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070887 - 5 Jul 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity disproportionately affects Hispanic families in the U.S. Although parenting practices and interventions appear to be viable approaches to lower the risk of childhood obesity, there is limited information on which parenting practices would be relevant and culturally appropriate for [...] Read more.
Background: Childhood obesity disproportionately affects Hispanic families in the U.S. Although parenting practices and interventions appear to be viable approaches to lower the risk of childhood obesity, there is limited information on which parenting practices would be relevant and culturally appropriate for Hispanic families. This study aimed to document the health-related factors that impact Hispanic parenting practices to inform evidence-based parenting interventions to improve child health outcomes and reduce the risk of childhood obesity. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional, formative research guided by the COREQ checklist. Hispanic parents of elementary school-aged children were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Eligible parents completed a brief sociodemographic survey, the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ), and an individual semi-structured interview. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using a coding-based thematic approach. Results: Seventeen parents (88.2% female) participated in the study, and the majority reported Spanish as their preferred language (70.6%). According to parent-reported data, the children’s (52.9% female) mean age was 8.4 ± 1.5 years, and over half were classified as having overweight or obesity. The CFPQ analysis indicated that parents scored highest on subscales related to encouraging healthy eating and eating variety, a finding that was reinforced by interview data. Qualitative analysis identified four key themes: 1. parenting roles, routines, and strategies for promoting culturally appropriate and healthy meals; 2. beliefs of children’s health and weight; 3. beliefs on physical activity and screen time; and 4. environmental and social factors affecting access to healthy food and physical activity. Conclusions: Both quantitative and qualitative results emphasize that parents engage in healthy eating guidance and eating variety and are aware of the factors that impact parenting practices and their children’s health. To improve child health outcomes and reduce the risk of childhood obesity among Hispanic families, parenting interventions need to be culturally responsive and address the factors that influence parenting practices. The findings from this study highlight four key areas to prioritize when designing or adapting parenting interventions to lower the risk of childhood obesity among Hispanic families. Full article
42 pages, 1032 KiB  
Systematic Review
Mapping Barriers and Interventions to Diabetes Self-Management in Latino Youth: A Scoping Review
by Milena de Lucca, Megan Visser, Tatiane Geralda André, Sisi Namoc Leturia, Lucila Castanheira Nascimento and Rebecca Ortiz La Banca Barber
Children 2025, 12(7), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070882 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 707
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Effective diabetes self-management is critical for glycemic management and well-being, yet Latino youth face unique cultural and socioeconomic barriers that are insufficiently explored in the literature. This review mapped existing evidence on diabetes self-management for Latino youth. Methods: Searches were conducted in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Effective diabetes self-management is critical for glycemic management and well-being, yet Latino youth face unique cultural and socioeconomic barriers that are insufficiently explored in the literature. This review mapped existing evidence on diabetes self-management for Latino youth. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, ERIC, and The Cochrane Library, using the gray literature and reference lists, in September 2024, following JBI guidelines. The included studies were qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies and reviews on diabetes self-management for Latinos aged 0–30 with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Studies including participants over 30 or with gestational diabetes were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized table and analyzed findings using the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists framework (ADCES7) for self-care behaviors: healthy eating, being active, monitoring, taking medication, problem-solving, reducing risks, and healthy coping. Results: Forty-five studies (forty from the United States) were included from 860 citations. The findings highlighted challenges in adopting diabetes-friendly diets, including cultural preferences, food insecurity, and limited resources. Physical activity improved glycemic control but was hindered by family and school obligations. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) enhanced outcomes, though economic barriers limited access. Family-centered education improved medication adherence, while family support strengthened problem-solving. CGMs and insulin pumps reduced complications, and culturally adapted psychological support enhanced emotional well-being and glycemic management. Conclusions: This review underscores persistent disparities in diabetes self-management among Latino youth. While the study designs and settings were heterogeneous, the findings highlight the need for culturally tailored, family-centered interventions that address structural barriers and psychosocial needs to improve care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrine and Metabolic Health in School-Aged Children)
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17 pages, 520 KiB  
Article
Sociodemographic, Mental, and Lifestyle Correlates of Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Children Aged 6–9 Years: Findings from a Large National Survey in Greece
by Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Aikaterini Louka, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Maria Mentzelou, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Evmorfia Psara, Christos Kontogiorgis, Olga Alexatou and Constantinos Giaginis
Epidemiologia 2025, 6(3), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia6030032 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is well-studied for its health-promoting effects, while the factors influencing adherence in children remain an important research focus. This study examines the sociodemographic, maternal, perinatal, and lifestyle determinants associated with MD adherence among children aged 6–9 years [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) is well-studied for its health-promoting effects, while the factors influencing adherence in children remain an important research focus. This study examines the sociodemographic, maternal, perinatal, and lifestyle determinants associated with MD adherence among children aged 6–9 years in an effort to identify key predictors and their impact on long-term nutritional habits. Methods: This study recruited 4851 children from diverse Greek rural and urban regions. The mothers of the enrolled children completed relevant questionnaires on their children’s sociodemographics, perinatal outcomes, anthropometric parameters, breastfeeding practices, and physical activity status. The enrolled children completed the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children—State (STAIC-S) form to assess the presence of depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The KIDMED score was used to assess the MD compliance of the enrolled children. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that higher maternal education and family economic status gravitated toward increased MD adherence (p = 0.0071, p ˂ 0.0001), while exclusive breastfeeding (p ˂ 0.0001) and higher physical activity levels (p = 0.0101) were strong predictive factors for MD adherence, highlighting the role of early-life interventions in shaping dietary habits. In contrast, cesarean delivery (p = 0.0173) and higher birth weight (p ˂ 0.0001) were linked to lower MD adherence, indicating potential metabolic and behavioral predispositions. Notably, higher MD adherence correlated with lower prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms (p ˂ 0.0001, p = 0.0001), underscoring its potential protective role in mental health. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a complex interplay between early-life and dietary behaviors, while further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and optimize evidence-based nutritional strategies and education for childhood health and well-being. Full article
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13 pages, 239 KiB  
Article
Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Early Childhood at School with the 0-6 EpPOI Project: Efficacy on Motor Skills and Mediterranean Diet Adherence
by Debora Porri, Elisa La Rosa, Giorgia Pepe, Letteria Anna Morabito, Valentina Arena, Giovanni Luppino, Carla Fazio, Alessandra Li Pomi, Domenico Corica, Angela Alibrandi, Debora Di Mauro, Tommaso Aversa and Malgorzata Wasniewska
Nutrients 2025, 17(13), 2181; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132181 - 30 Jun 2025
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is a global health concern. Early development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are key modifiable factors for prevention. This study assessed the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, school-based intervention for childhood obesity prevention. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Childhood obesity is a global health concern. Early development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) are key modifiable factors for prevention. This study assessed the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary, school-based intervention for childhood obesity prevention. Methods: Children aged 3–5 years from a preschool in Messina, Italy, participated in a 9-month intervention integrating nutritional education and physical activity. FMS were evaluated using the MOBAK test. Anthropometric measurements and MD adherence (through the Kid-Med questionnaire) were collected. Caregivers completed an online survey reporting lifestyle changes. Results: Significant improvements were observed in FMS: object control (score 1) increased from 2.67 ± 1.78 to 4.28 ± 1.82, locomotor skills (score 2) from 4.69 ± 1.96 to 5.83, 5.83 ± 1.70, and total MOBAK score (score 3) from 7.35 ± 3.09 to 10.11± 2.94. (p < 0.001 for all). Kid-Med scores significantly improved from (3.79 ± 2.31 vs. 5.03 ± 2.69) (p = 0.0027), indicating enhanced MD adherence. Post-intervention, adherence was classified as poor (27.4%), moderate (53.2%), and optimal (19.4%). Although only a minority of parents reported lifestyle changes, over 50% noted increased fruit and vegetable intake in their children. Males showed higher FMS scores and waist circumference compared to females. Conclusions: A school-based multidisciplinary intervention significantly improved motor competence and dietary habits in preschool children. These findings underscore the importance of early, integrated strategies involving families and educators to support healthy development and prevent childhood obesity. Full article
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18 pages, 481 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Reciprocal Effects of Physical Exercise, Executive Function, and Subjective Well-Being: A Three-Wave Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model in Chinese Minority College Students
by Xueyan Bai and Lin Yang
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(7), 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070865 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
Objective: This study investigates the longitudinal reciprocal relationships among physical exercise (PE), executive function (EF), and subjective well-being (SWB) in ethnic minority college students in China, with the aim of providing theoretical and practical guidance for their psychological and cognitive development. Method: A [...] Read more.
Objective: This study investigates the longitudinal reciprocal relationships among physical exercise (PE), executive function (EF), and subjective well-being (SWB) in ethnic minority college students in China, with the aim of providing theoretical and practical guidance for their psychological and cognitive development. Method: A three-wave longitudinal design was employed over a nine-month period to collect data on PE, EF, and SWB from 482 ethnic minority college students in Shaanxi Province, China (M age = 20.3 years, 63% female). Data were analyzed using a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), and multigroup analysis (MGA) was used to examine the moderating effects of gender, family ethnic composition, and residential area. Results: The study revealed significant positive correlations among PE, EF, and SWB at the between-person level. At the within-person level, the variables exhibited temporal stability, with earlier levels significantly predicting later levels, indicating cumulative effects. Key cross-lagged analyses unveiled significant dynamic reciprocal relationships among the three variables: earlier PE positively predicted subsequent EF and SWB, earlier EF positively predicted subsequent PE and SWB, and earlier SWB positively predicted subsequent EF. Importantly, these dynamic pathways and overall relationships were consistent across gender, family structure, and residential area, indicating robustness within the studied population. Conclusion: This study highlights the dynamic, reciprocal relationships among PE, EF, and SWB. Consequently, promoting physical activity and culturally sensitive interventions for ethnic minority college students is crucial for enhancing their psychological resilience and well-being. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers and educators. Full article
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18 pages, 734 KiB  
Review
Psychological and Sociodemographic Variables Associated with Increased Anxiety and Anxiety Symptoms in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
by Jesús Enrique Sotelo-Ojeda, Christian Oswaldo Acosta-Quiroz, Raquel García-Flores, Ana Luisa Mónica González-Celis Rangel and Erick Alberto Medina-Jiménez
Geriatrics 2025, 10(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics10040083 - 23 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: There is a high prevalence of anxiety and anxiety symptoms in older adults, which can have cognitive, emotional, and physical repercussions on older adults. It is important to understand the risk factors from psychological variables and sociodemographic variables that may be influencing [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: There is a high prevalence of anxiety and anxiety symptoms in older adults, which can have cognitive, emotional, and physical repercussions on older adults. It is important to understand the risk factors from psychological variables and sociodemographic variables that may be influencing anxiety symptoms to generate more effective interventions based on modifiable variables. In this context, the objective of this review was to identify psychological and sociodemographic variables as risk factors for anxiety and anxiety symptoms in older adults. Methods: The Scoping review followed the guidelines of the (PRISMA-ScR 2018). Five databases were used to reduce bias and identify relevant evidence: Medline via Ovid, PUBMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Results: A total of 2150 articles were identified across the five databases; 16 articles were included for data synthesis and methodological quality assessment. Conclusions: The variables that maintain the strongest association as both risk and protective factors are age, female sex, physical activity, physical health or medical conditions, depression, perceived and family support, and social and family participation. However, methodological limitations—including inconsistent definitions, diverse and often inadequate measurement tools, and lack of causal inference—restrict the generalizability of findings. These results underscore the need for validated age-appropriate instruments and more rigorous research designs in geriatric anxiety studies. Full article
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42 pages, 1353 KiB  
Article
Social Participation of Frail Older People with Functional Limitations Ageing Alone in Place in Italy, and Its Impact on Loneliness: An Urban–Rural Comparison
by Maria Gabriella Melchiorre, Marco Socci, Giovanni Lamura and Sabrina Quattrini
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(6), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9060233 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1059
Abstract
(1) Background: Older people ageing in place alone with functional limitations experience several difficulties in daily life, potentially hampering their social participation. This in turn could impact their perceived loneliness. This paper aims to investigate these issues based on findings from the IN-AGE [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Older people ageing in place alone with functional limitations experience several difficulties in daily life, potentially hampering their social participation. This in turn could impact their perceived loneliness. This paper aims to investigate these issues based on findings from the IN-AGE (“Inclusive ageing in place”) study carried out in 2019 in Italy. (2) Methods: The focus of this paper is on the Marche region (Central Italy), where 40 qualitative/semi-structured interviews with seniors were administered in both urban and rural sites. A content analysis was carried out, in addition to some quantification of statements. (3) Results: Older people are mainly involved in receiving/making visits, lunches/dinners with family members and friends, religious functions, walking, and watching television (TV). Overall, the more active seniors are those living in rural sites, with lower physical impairments, and with lower perceived loneliness, even though in some cases, a reverse pattern emerged. The results also indicate some different nuances regarding urban and rural sites. (4) Conclusions: Despite the fact that this exploratory study did not have a representative sample of the target population, and that only general considerations can be drawn from results, these findings can offer some insights to policymakers who aim to develop adequate interventions supporting the social participation of older people with functional limitations ageing in place alone. This can also potentially reduce the perceived loneliness, while taking into consideration the urban–rural context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural–Urban Transformation and Regional Development: 2nd Edition)
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