Search Results (330)

In recent studies, public health has been considered a key stakeholder in climate mitigation and adaptation in cities since they are more exposed to the impact of climate change. Nurses represent a vast majority of public health professionals, playing a key role in health promotion that allows them to influence individuals, families, and communities in adopting healthier behaviours and decarbonized lifestyles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to map the existing evidence on nursing interventions, which are being led or implemented to reduce the health risks related to climate change in urban areas. The present review follows the JBI methodological framework, including a search on PubMed, MEDLINE complete, CINAHL Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), and RCAAP. Hand searched references were also considered, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies between January 2014 and October 2024, for a more contemporary perspective. A three-step search strategy and data extraction tool were used by two independent reviewers. Twenty-seven studies in English and Portuguese were eligible for inclusion, all targeting a population of professionals with nursing-related roles: two case studies, one Delphi panel, one descriptive study, one historical research paper, two using a methodological design format, four narrative reviews, one observational study, nine review articles, three scoping reviews, and three systematic reviews. Eight categories of nursing interventions that contribute to decarbonized lifestyles, reducing health risks in relation to climate change, were acknowledged. Nurses play a key role in empowering individuals, families, and communities, promoting climate awareness and literacy, supporting health policy change, advocating for the most vulnerable and engaging in environmental activism, using evidence-based research, and taking advantage of marketing strategies and social media. Full article

Background/Objectives: Health literacy plays a fundamental role in adolescents’ health-related decisions and behaviors. The aim of our study was to assess the level of health literacy among 16–17-year-old students in Southern Hungary and to examine the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the autumn of 2024 in Baranya and Somogy counties. A total of 133 students completed a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic variables and health behaviors. Health literacy was measured using the validated HELMA-H instrument. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, t-tests, and ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: Overall, 62.7% of the students demonstrated adequate, while 37.3% demonstrated inadequate levels of health literacy. No significant association was found between overall health literacy and sociodemographic variables; however, partial associations were observed on specific subscales. Boys reported better access to health information (p = 0.037), while children of mothers with higher educational attainment scored better in comprehension (p = 0.042) and appraisal (p = 0.036). In the case of the numeracy subscale, children of mothers with the lowest educational level showed significantly better results (p = 0.006). Students with higher health literacy levels were less likely to smoke or consume caffeine; however, a reverse trend was observed regarding alcohol consumption. Physical activity showed a positive association with healthier behaviors (p < 0.05). Discussion: The use of digital technologies, interactive learning strategies, and the involvement of family members—especially mothers—may support the development of health-conscious decision-making in adolescents. Consequently, health education programs should focus not only on knowledge transfer but also on fostering critical thinking and decision-making skills. Full article

This study investigates the impact of family engagement on student reading achievement in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using counterfactual explainable artificial intelligence (CXAI) analysis. Drawing data from 24,600 students in the UAE PISA dataset, the analysis employed Gradient Boosting, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), and counterfactual simulations to model and interpret the influence of ten parental involvement variables. The results identified time spent talking with parents, frequency of family meals, and encouragement to achieve good marks as the strongest predictors of reading performance. Counterfactual analysis revealed that increasing the time spent talking with parents and frequency of family meals from their minimum (1) to maximum (5) levels, while holding other variables constant at their medians, could increase the predicted reading score from the baseline of 358.93 to as high as 448.68, marking an improvement of nearly 90 points. These findings emphasize the educational value of culturally compatible parental behaviors. The study also contributes to methodological advancement by integrating interpretable machine learning with prescriptive insights, demonstrating the potential of XAI for educational policy and intervention design. Implications for educators, policymakers, and families highlight the importance of promoting high-impact family practices to support literacy development. The approach offers a replicable model for leveraging AI to understand and enhance student learning outcomes across diverse contexts. Full article

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities to enhance healthcare accessibility for people with disabilities (PwDs). However, their application in Saudi Arabia remains limited. This study explores PwDs’ experiences with AI technologies within the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 digital health framework to inform inclusive healthcare innovation strategies. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine PwDs across Riyadh, Al-Jouf, and the Northern Border region between January and February 2025. Participants used various AI-enabled technologies, including smart home assistants, mobile health applications, communication aids, and automated scheduling systems. Thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework was employed to identify key themes and patterns. Results: Four major themes emerged: (1) accessibility and usability challenges, including voice recognition difficulties and interface barriers; (2) personalization and autonomy through AI-assisted daily living tasks and medication management; (3) technological barriers such as connectivity issues and maintenance gaps; and (4) psychological acceptance influenced by family support and cultural integration. Participants noted infrastructure gaps in rural areas, financial constraints, limited disability-specific design, and digital literacy barriers while expressing optimism regarding AI’s potential to enhance independence and health outcomes. Conclusions: Realizing the benefits of AI for disability healthcare in Saudi Arabia requires culturally adapted designs, improved infrastructure investment in rural regions, inclusive policymaking, and targeted digital literacy programs. These findings support inclusive healthcare innovation aligned with Saudi Vision 2030 goals and provide evidence-based recommendations for implementing AI healthcare technologies for PwDs in similar cultural contexts. Full article

Background—Against childhood lead poisoning, removing lead exposure is the main measure, but how to do it effectively has not been fully established. Our objective was to determine the impact of several interventions (education, housing remediation, and relocation) on children’s blood lead levels. Methods—A historical cohort of childhood lead poisoning was drawn in Marseille, France, from 2011 to 2018. A generalized mixed model was developed to study the kinetics of blood lead levels. Results—We included 151 children, with 56% living in legal substandard housing and others living in slums. Medical follow-up (median: 612 days) included 492 blood samples. In legal substandard housing, blood lead level decrease was significantly associated with every intervention. In slums, blood lead level decrease was significantly associated with housing relocation and education, although to a lesser extent. Conclusions—Every intervention contributed to reducing blood lead levels in substandard housing. Educational intervention is rapidly implemented. Housing remediation follows a long-lasting but effective legal procedure. Some families get housing relocation, depending on their financial resources or whether they are eligible for social housing. In slums, access to legal housing is the most effective against environmental exposure and education has a wider impact on health literacy. Full article

Drawing on data from a three-year longitudinal study of 56 Chinese–Canadian families with early elementary school-aged children, this study explores Chinese immigrant parents’ lived-through emotional experiences of heritage language maintenance (HLM). Informed by Vygotsky’s concept of perezhivanie, thematic analysis of annual interview data reveals the mixed and refracted nature of parental emotions involved in Chinese language preservation and bilingual child-rearing. These emotional experiences were profoundly shaped by the intersection of environmental, personal, and situational factors and were deeply entangled with parents’ perceptions of and attitudes toward their children’s heritage language learning and use at home. The emotional work involved significantly influenced the parents’ language and literacy planning and HLM practices. By foregrounding the emotional dimensions of heritage language education, this study offers important implications for educational stakeholders seeking to support immigrant parents both emotionally and practically in raising bilingual children in the host country. Full article

The increasingly observable financial vulnerability of households in emerging market countries makes it imperative to investigate the factors influencing it. Considering that China stands as a representative of emerging market economies, analyzing the factors influencing household financial vulnerability in China presents great reference significance for the sustainable development of households in emerging market countries. Using data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) household samples, this paper presents the regional distribution of households with financial vulnerability in China. Utilizing machine learning (ML), this research examines the factors that influence household financial vulnerability in China and determines the most significant ones. The results reveal that households with financial vulnerability in China takes up a proportion of more than 63%, and household financial vulnerability is lower in economically developed coastal regions than in medium and small-sized cities in the central and western parts of China. The analysis results of the SHAP method show that the debt leverage ratio of a household is the most significant feature variable in predicting financial vulnerability. The ALE plots demonstrate that, in a household, the debt leverage ratio, the age of household head, health condition, economic development and literacy level are significantly nonlinearly related to financial vulnerability. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that, except for household debt leverage and insurance participation, the key characteristic variables exerting the most pronounced effect on financial fragility differ between urban and rural households: household head age for urban families and physical health status for rural families. Furthermore, digital financial inclusion and social security exert distinct impacts on financial vulnerability, showing significantly stronger effects in high per capita GDP regions and low per capita GDP regions, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers in emerging economies to formulate targeted financial risk mitigation strategies—such as developing household debt relief and prevention mechanisms and strengthening rural health security systems—and optimize policies for household financial health. Full article

Background/Objectives: Despite the growing awareness of nutrition and the popularity of healthy lifestyles among adolescents, disordered eating behaviors—such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder (BED), and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)—remain significant public health concerns. ARFID, officially recognized only in 2013, is still poorly understood among youth. This study aimed to assess the relationship between adolescents’ nutritional knowledge, emotional regulation, media influence, and eating behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among 120 students aged 15–17 attending W. Reymont Secondary School No. II in Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland. Participants completed a custom-designed, paper-based questionnaire consisting of 30 single-choice questions and demographic items. The instrument assessed knowledge of eating disorders, body satisfaction, social media impact, and the emotional determinants of food choices. The tool was developed with expert input but has not undergone formal psychometric validation. While many adolescents demonstrated basic nutritional knowledge—such as awareness of BMI norms and food group distribution—they often failed to apply this knowledge to their dietary behaviors. Results: Significant gender differences were observed: girls were more likely to restrict food intake, report emotional eating, and engage in slimming behaviors, while boys were less emotionally reactive and less influenced by social media. Most participants reported eating one meal daily with family but rarely discussed nutrition at home. Emotional involvement in eating, particularly among girls, emerged as a key factor, more influential than social media in shaping dietary behaviors. Conclusions: The findings highlight a clear gap between nutritional knowledge and actual behavior among adolescents, driven in part by emotional dysregulation and body image concerns. School-based interventions should incorporate not only nutritional education but also emotional regulation strategies and media literacy to effectively support healthy eating behaviors in youth. Full article

Cross-sectional research suggests associations between enrichment and cognitive skills in toddlerhood. There are no prospectively designed longitudinal studies that investigate the link between early home literacy activities and subsequent mechanisms that explain the putative cognitive benefits. This study tests long-term associations between toddler literacy enrichment and later student engagement across key academic transitions, from kindergarten to the end of high school. Using the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) population-based birth cohort data, we examined whether parent-reported experiences of shared reading, looking at picture books or illustrated stories, and pretend writing at age 2 years predict later teacher- and self-reported student engagement at ages 6, 12, and 17 years. The results from multiple regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for pre-existing and concurrent child and family characteristics, revealed significant associations between early literacy enrichment and later engagement. For boys and girls, literacy enrichment in toddlerhood predicted increases in classroom engagement from kindergarten to the end of high school. These findings highlight the lasting influence of early literacy exposure on subsequent learning-related behaviors, both in and beyond the classroom. They underscore the importance of promoting enrichment in early childhood as a family strategy toward individual readiness to learn, a cornerstone of crystalized intelligence. Full article

This narrative review examines adolescents’ perceptions of sustainable dietary characteristics, including local eating, plant-based diets, organic food, and food waste, and how these influence their understanding and behavior. Evidence indicates that adolescents often have simplified conceptions of these practices, which leads to misconceptions. Local food is frequently perceived as inherently more sustainable despite complex factors such as seasonality, production methods, and transportation. Although reducing meat consumption is crucial for environmental impact, adolescents may struggle to understand sustainable protein sources and animal-based foods in various contexts. Although viewed positively, the benefits and limitations of organic food remain poorly understood. Food waste is recognized as significant; however, adolescents often focus on individuals rather than on systemic drivers. Schools play a pivotal role in the promotion of food literacy and sustainable dietary habits. Educational interventions that integrate sustainability into curricula, provide hands-on learning, and engage families can help adolescents to develop critical thinking skills and make informed food choices. Strategies such as promoting a plant-based diet, sourcing local produce, incorporating organic options, and implementing waste reduction programs can create environments that support sustainable eating habits. These efforts must be context-sensitive, culturally relevant, and grounded in understanding food systems. By empowering adolescents to question assumptions, recognize complexities, and take action, schools can cultivate a generation capable of leading the transition towards healthier and more sustainable diets. Full article

Adolescents’ pervasive use of social media has been increasingly linked to aggression, including cyberbullying and hostile online interactions. While this association is well documented, the psychological and contextual mechanisms that mediate or moderate it remain unclear. This scoping review maps quantitative evidence on mediators and moderators between social media use and aggression among adolescents. A comprehensive search using ProQuest’s Summon platform was conducted across PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies, published between January 2020 and March 2025, included adolescents aged 11–18 and reported at least one statistical mediation or moderation analysis. Forty-four studies from 19 countries (N > 90,000) were thematically synthesized. Key mediators included problematic use, moral disengagement, depression, attention-seeking, and risky digital behaviors. Moderators included gender, body satisfaction, cultural setting, school type, and family attachment. Most of the studies used structural equation modeling or PROCESS macro, although cross-sectional designs predominated. Limitations included reliance on self-reports and inconsistent social media measures. The findings suggest that social media–aggression links are indirect and shaped by emotional, cognitive, and ecological factors. Multi-level interventions targeting digital literacy, moral reasoning, and resilience are needed. This review was not registered and received no external funding. Full article

Background/Objectives: Parental involvement is essential in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, particularly with the growing use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Validated tools assessing parental self-efficacy in this context remain limited. This study aimed to validate the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Diabetes Management (PSESDM) among parents of children using a CGM sensor and to examine its associations with diabetes outcomes and parental characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 106 parent–child dyads at a university pediatric diabetes center. Parents completed the Hungarian PSESDM. Data regarding children’s HbA1c level were recorded, along with standard measures of their general and diabetes-specific quality of life (EQ-5D-Y-3L, PedsQL Diab); data regarding parents’ health literacy (Chew), fear of hypoglycemia (HFS), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and capability well-being (ICECAP-A) were also collected. The PSESDM’s reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant and criterion validity were assessed using standard statistical methods. Results: The PSESDM demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.857) and strong item–total correlations (range: 0.678–0.791). Higher parental self-efficacy was significantly associated with better glucose control (lower HbA1c, r_s = −0.50) and weakly correlated with the child’s diabetes-specific quality of life (r_s = 0.20). Among parental characteristics, self-efficacy correlated strongly with capability well-being (r_s = 0.52), moderately with health literacy (r_s = −0.30), and showed no difference between socio-demographic subgroups, except for the subgroup related to income. Conclusions: The PSESDM is a valid and reliable tool for measuring self-efficacy in parents of children with T1DM using CGM sensors. Its associations with children’s HbA1c levels, diabetes-specific quality of life, and parental characteristics support its clinical relevance and potential use in identifying families at risk for poorer diabetes outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: Dementia involves progressive cognitive and functional deterioration that leads to dependence and overload on family caregivers. This overload has a negative impact on the physical, mental, emotional, and occupational health of caregivers, leading to occupational imbalance and problems arising from an inadequate distribution of time devoted to caregiving. This project aims to evaluate the effects of the technology-based CAREFIT programme, structured around physical activity interventions, education, and psychoemotional and social support, on the health-related quality of life and emotional well-being of informal caregivers. Methods: The experimental group will develop the intervention programme, which will last 8 weeks and combine educational activities, physical activities, and psychoemotional and social support. Before beginning the intervention, the entire experimental group will receive a training session and educational materials on how to access and use the platform. The CAREFIT platform will consist of two educational sessions and two weekly physical sessions, combined with psychoemotional and social support activities that participants must complete. Initial, final, and follow-up evaluations will be conducted. The HRQoL and psychoemotional health (stress, anxiety, depression, and perceived social support and burden) of caregivers of people with dementia will be the main outcome measures. The effects of the intervention on the study variables will be assessed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Conclusions: The proposed protocol for the CAREFIT programme represents an innovative and multidisciplinary initiative that leverages a digital platform to promote the well-being of informal caregivers of people with dementia. This approach combines health literacy and strengthened psychoemotional and social support. Through this integration, the goal is to reduce the levels of burden, stress, anxiety, and depression among primary caregivers, while strengthening their self-care capabilities and social support networks. Full article

This research aimed to better understand the impact of a mother’s work on girls’ and boys’ school progression at the end of primary school in Senegal. The observed correlations between a child’s educational success and the mother’s labor market involvement may not indicate causation but could instead result from other shared factors influencing both variables (an endogeneity issue). To address this issue, we estimated a bivariate model with two equations, one explaining the mother’s participation in the labor market and the other explaining the child’s educational survival, applied to data from the Integrated Regional Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector (ERI-ESI-2018). We discovered that certain individual characteristics, such as age, education level, and marital status, as well as family characteristics, including household size and parents’ social background, play significant roles in maintaining women’s labor market activity. Furthermore, we concluded that mothers’ participation in the labor market has a positive and significant effect (at 10%) on boys’ success in primary school exit exams, while the impact on girls is negative and not statistically significant. When controlling for various factors, we found that children whose mothers possess higher levels of education are more likely to pass their primary school exams. The results highlight the significance of women’s education, underscoring its role in not only integrating women into the labor market, but also in fostering their children’s academic success. In terms of economic policy implications, the study suggests that state authorities should continue to invest more in improving women’s literacy rates and in strengthening their academic and professional capacities, thereby enabling them to achieve advanced levels of education and higher qualifications. Full article

The use of hearing technology is one of the most effective strategies for providing access to spoken language and the auditory environment for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. In recent years, rapid advancements in hearing technologies have significantly improved access to spoken languages for learners of all ages. As part of the Special Issue “Educating Deaf Students in the 21st Century: A Changed and Changing Context”, this article describes how changes in hearing technology are related to changes in where and how students who are deaf or hard of hearing are educated. This article is designed to provide a foundation of knowledge about today’s hearing technologies for families, educators, and professionals such as speech–language pathologists or early childhood educators who support families and students. It provides an overview of hearing technology options, how they are prescribed and fit, and how benefits for language and literacy development can be evaluated. Barriers to effective use and future directions for hearing technologies are also described. The section “Highlights for Educators and Families” in the article discusses the practical application of this information to the work of those supporting students who are deaf or hard of hearing at home, at school, and in the community. Full article