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Article

9 Citations

4,255 Views

10 Pages

Changes in Management Lead to Improvement and Healing of Equine Squamous Gastric Disease

Lieuwke C. Kranenburg,
Simone Henriëtte van der Poel,
Tim Sebastiaan Warmelink,
David Anthonie van Doorn and
Robin van den Boom

Animals2023, 13(9), 1498;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091498

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28 April 2023

Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is common in horses and poses a serious welfare problem. Several risk factors have been identified and ESGD is routinely treated with omeprazole. Fourteen mares, previously used as embryo recipients and diagnose...

Article

1 Citations

2,053 Views

11 Pages

Association of Equine Squamous and Glandular Gastric Disease with Dental Status in 54 Horses

Rabea Lensing,
Caroline Wirth,
Franziska Thünker,
Roswitha Merle and
Ann Kristin Barton

Animals2024, 14(22), 3189;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223189

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7 November 2024

Gastric pH is a key factor in the development of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). Although acid injury is unlikely the primary cause of equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), low pH may promote mucosal damage. Gastric pH is influenced by rou...

Article

3 Citations

2,174 Views

10 Pages

Is There a Difference in the Prevalence of Gastric Ulcers between Stallions Used for Breeding and Those Not Used for Breeding?

Sara Busechian,
Francesca Bindi,
Camillo Pieramati,
Simona Orvieto,
Lorenzo Pisello,
Selene Cozzi,
Flaminia Ortolani and
Fabrizio Rueca

Animals2024, 14(11), 1531;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14111531

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22 May 2024

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease, and includes two different syndromes, Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD), affecting the squamous mucosa, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD), affecting the glandular mucosa. The...

Review

49 Citations

30,365 Views

25 Pages

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: An Update on Current Knowledge

Jessica Vokes,
Amy Lovett and
Benjamin Sykes

Animals2023, 13(7), 1261;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071261

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5 April 2023

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a term that has been used since 1999, initially being used to describe all gastric mucosal disease in horses. Since this time, the identification of two distinct main disease entities of the equine gastric muco...

Article

5 Citations

2,488 Views

6 Pages

Body Condition Score Is Not Correlated to Gastric Ulcers in Non-Athlete Horses

Sara Busechian,
Luca Turini,
Micaela Sgorbini,
Francesca Bonelli,
Lorenzo Pisello,
Camillo Pieramati,
Simona Orvieto and
Fabrizio Rueca

Animals2022, 12(19), 2637;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192637

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30 September 2022

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease of the stomach that can be found in different categories of horses. Different clinical signs may be present, but a large number of horses are asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to ident...

Commentary

5,884 Views

25 Pages

Incorporating a Behavioral Medicine Approach in the Multi-Modal Management of Chronic Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS): A Clinical Commentary

Mary Klinck,
Amy Lovett and
Ben Sykes

Animals2025, 15(20), 3019;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15203019

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17 October 2025

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) refers to mucosal gastric disease in horses, including equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD), which present as two distinct disease entities differing in pathophysiolog...

Feature Paper
Article

1 Citations

1,804 Views

8 Pages

Presence of Gastric Ulcers in Horses Used for Historical Races in Italy

Sara Busechian,
Simona Orvieto,
Irene Nocera and
Fabrizio Rueca

Animals2024, 14(8), 1247;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081247

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22 April 2024

Equine Gastric Ulcers Syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease present in equids of different breeds, activity levels, and age groups. It is divided into two different illnesses: Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) affecting the squamous mucosa and...

Feature Paper
Article

3 Citations

2,170 Views

23 Pages

Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Presence of Gastric Ulcers in Pleasure and Breeding Horses in Italy

Sara Busechian,
Francesca Bindi,
Simona Orvieto,
Francesco Zappulla,
Maria Chiara Marchesi,
Irma Nisi and
Fabrizio Rueca

Animals2024, 14(12), 1806;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121806

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17 June 2024

Equine Squamous Gastric Disease (ESGD) and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (EGGD) are two terms used to indicate the presence of lesions of the squamous and glandular mucosa of the stomach. Prevalences, pathophysiology, and risk factors are differen...

Article

519 Views

12 Pages

Changes in Fitness Parameters in Ridden Trained Showjumping Horses After Healing of Gastric Ulcers: Preliminary Results

Sara Busechian,
Alessandra Di Salvo,
Simona Orvieto,
Fabrizio Rueca,
Chiara Villella,
Gaia Sollevanti,
Camillo Pieramati,
Irma Nisi and
Giorgia della Rocca

Vet. Sci.2026, 13(1), 9;https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010009

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21 December 2025

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a worldwide disease described in different categories of animals. A causal relationship between exercise and EGUS has been suggested, attributed to stress as well as physiological changes in the position of abd...

Article

10 Citations

6,801 Views

12 Pages

Horse Grimace Scale Does Not Detect Pain in Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

Gustavo Ferlini Agne,
Bridget Eileen May,
Amy Lovett,
Olivier Simon,
Catherine Steel,
Luiz Santos,
Laize Guedes do Carmo,
Bianca Barbosa,
Laís Cristine Werner and
Samantha Franklin
+ 3 authors

Animals2023, 13(10), 1623;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101623

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12 May 2023

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent and presumptively painful condition, although the amount of pain horses might experience is currently unknown. The aims of this study were to determine if the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) could...

Article

21 Citations

11,928 Views

14 Pages

Changes in Proteins in Saliva and Serum in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome Using a Proteomic Approach

Alberto Muñoz-Prieto,
Maria Dolores Contreras-Aguilar,
Jose Joaquín Cerón,
Ignacio Ayala,
Maria Martin-Cuervo,
Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Sanchez,
Stine Jacobsen,
Josipa Kuleš,
Anđelo Beletić and
Sanni Hansen
+ 3 authors

Animals2022, 12(9), 1169;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12091169

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2 May 2022

Changes in the salivary proteome in 12 horses with the two diseases included in equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) (n = 6) and equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) (n = 6), were evaluated using a high-reso...

Article

12 Citations

3,232 Views

10 Pages

Changes in Calprotectin (S100A8-A9) and Aldolase in the Saliva of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

Alberto Muñoz-Prieto,
María Dolores Contreras-Aguilar,
José Joaquín Cerón,
Ignacio Ayala de la Peña,
María Martín-Cuervo,
Peter David Eckersall,
Ida-Marie Holm Henriksen,
Fernando Tecles and
Sanni Hansen

Animals2023, 13(8), 1367;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081367

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16 April 2023

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a highly prevalent disease that affects horses worldwide. Within EGUS, two different forms have been described: equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD). The associated...

Article

2 Citations

2,351 Views

12 Pages

Measurement of Trace Elements (Zinc, Copper, Magnesium, and Iron) in the Saliva of Horses: Validation Data and Changes in Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)

Alberto Muñoz-Prieto,
José Joaquín Cerón,
Fernando Tecles,
María Martín Cuervo,
Maria Dolores Contreras-Aguilar,
Ignacio Ayala,
Adrián Oudada-Guillén,
Luis Pardo-Marín and
Sanni Hansen

Animals2024, 14(12), 1724;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121724

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7 June 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible use of spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of trace elements, including Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in the saliva of horses and study their possible changes...

Article

2 Citations

2,909 Views

15 Pages

Changes in Immunoglobulins G and A in the Saliva and Serum of Horses with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) and Their Relationship with Other Immune and Redox Status Biomarkers

María Botía,
María Martín-Cuervo,
Silvia Martínez-Subiela,
José Joaquín Cerón,
Ignacio Ayala,
Sanni Hansen and
Alberto Muñoz-Prieto

Biology2024, 13(11), 891;https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13110891

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1 November 2024

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is a widespread disease with a very high prevalence and importance in horses. It includes two conditions: Equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD), linked to acid disturbances, and Equine Glandular Gastric Disease (...

Article

7 Citations

9,457 Views

10 Pages

The Impact of Two Recommended Withholding Periods for Omeprazole and the Use of a Nutraceutical Supplement on Recurrence of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Thoroughbred Racehorses

Ran Shan,
Catherine M. Steel and
Ben Sykes

Animals2023, 13(11), 1823;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111823

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31 May 2023

The impact of recommended withholding periods (RWPs) for omeprazole on the recurrence of Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) is unknown. The study was designed to compare the effect of two RWPs on EGUS recurrence post-omeprazole treatment and to det...

Article

2,441 Views

19 Pages

Impact of Low-Starch Dietary Modifications on Faecal Microbiota Composition and Gastric Disease Scores in Performance Horses

Jessica Irving,
Violaine Pineau,
Susanne Shultz,
Fe ter Woort,
Félicie Julien,
Sandrine Lambey and
Emmanuelle van Erck-Westergren

Animals2025, 15(13), 1908;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131908

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28 June 2025

Equine gastric disease (EGD) is a common condition in performance horses (Equus caballus), potentially compromising behaviour, performance, and welfare. EGD is often attributed to high-starch, high-sugar feeds and limited forage. Evidence for diet-in...

Review

17 Citations

11,378 Views

16 Pages

The Fibre Requirements of Horses and the Consequences and Causes of Failure to Meet Them

Colette Ermers,
Nerida McGilchrist,
Kate Fenner,
Bethany Wilson and
Paul McGreevy

Animals2023, 13(8), 1414;https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081414

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20 April 2023

Failure to meet the minimum forage requirement of 1.5% of the horse’s bodyweight and the opportunity for foraging for a minimum of 8 h a day (not going without this opportunity longer than four to five consecutive hours) can have both physiolog...