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20 pages, 545 KiB  
Study Protocol
Can Dietary Supplements Be Linked to a Vegan Diet and Health Risk Modulation During Vegan Pregnancy, Infancy, and Early Childhood? The VedieS Study Protocol for an Explorative, Quantitative, Cross-Sectional Study
by Wolfgang Huber-Schneider, Karl-Heinz Wagner and Ingrid Kiefer
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(8), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081210 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 152
Abstract
As veganism becomes more popular, the number of vegan pregnant women and children is steadily increasing. During vegan pregnancy and early childhood, there is a high risk for nutrient deficiencies that may impair child development. External factors, such as healthcare advice, social networks, [...] Read more.
As veganism becomes more popular, the number of vegan pregnant women and children is steadily increasing. During vegan pregnancy and early childhood, there is a high risk for nutrient deficiencies that may impair child development. External factors, such as healthcare advice, social networks, and social environments, that affect the diet of vegan pregnant women, parents, and their children, as well as their approach towards dietary supplementation, have not yet been investigated. Various sources of information, combined with a lack of expertise, sparse food and nutritional health literacy, and qualitatively heterogeneous information provision by medical experts, unsettle vegan pregnant women and parents and affect their dietary choices and potentially the health of their children. The VedieS study aims to investigate potential connections between external influences and associated impacts on a vegan diet and the intake of dietary supplements (DS) of pregnant women and children. Two surveys are being conducted within the study: one targeting 1000 vegan pregnant women and parents, and another targeting 60 experts in each of five healthcare groups: gynecologists, pediatricians, general practitioners, pharmacists, and dietitians. This study is the first to examine how socio-economic, social, and further informational factors influence dietary practices during vegan pregnancy and childhood. It highlights the need for reliable, expert-led guidance, as current information sources are often inconsistent and may put these vulnerable groups at risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Holistic Approach to Pregnancy, Childbirth and Postpartum Period)
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27 pages, 1246 KiB  
Article
Nourishing Beginnings: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach to Food Security and Healthy Diets for the “Forgotten” Pre-School Children in South Africa
by Gamuchirai Chakona
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(6), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060958 - 18 Jun 2025
Viewed by 738
Abstract
Adequate and diverse diets are essential for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet food insecurity and malnutrition continue to threaten this fundamental right, which remains a pressing concern in many resource-poor settings. This study investigated food and nutrition security in Early Childhood Development [...] Read more.
Adequate and diverse diets are essential for children’s physical and cognitive development, yet food insecurity and malnutrition continue to threaten this fundamental right, which remains a pressing concern in many resource-poor settings. This study investigated food and nutrition security in Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres in Makhanda, South Africa, through a community-based participatory research approach. Using a mixed-methods approach combining questionnaire interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations, and community asset mapping across eight ECD centres enrolling 307 children aged 0–5 years, the study engaged ECD facilitators and analysed dietary practices across these centres. Results indicated that financial constraints severely affect the quality and diversity of food provided at the centres, thus undermining the ability to provide nutritionally adequate meals. The average amount spent on food per child per month at the centres was R90 ± R25 (South African Rand). Although three meals were generally offered daily, cost-driven dietary substitutions with cheaper, less diverse alternatives, often at the expense of nutritional value, were common. Despite guidance from Department of Health dieticians, financial limitations contributed to suboptimal feeding practices, with diets dominated by grains and starchy foods, with limited access to and rare consumption of protein-rich foods, dairy, and vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables. ECD facilitators noted insufficient parental contributions and low engagement in supporting centre operations and child nutrition provision, indicating a gap in awareness and limited nutrition knowledge regarding optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The findings emphasise the need for sustainable, multi-level and community-led interventions, including food gardening, creating ECD centre food banks, parental nutrition education programmes, and enhanced financial literacy among ECD facilitators. Strengthening local food systems and establishing collaborative partnerships with communities and policymakers are essential to improve the nutritional environment in ECD settings. Similarly, enhanced government support mechanisms and policy-level reforms are critical to ensure that children in resource-poor areas receive adequate nutrition. Future research should focus on scalable, locally anchored models for sustainable child nutrition interventions that are contextually grounded, community-driven, and should strengthen the resilience of ECD centres in South Africa. Full article
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26 pages, 3043 KiB  
Review
Dos and Don’ts in Kidney Nutrition: Practical Considerations of a Panel of Experts on Protein Restriction and Plant-Based Diets for Patients Living with Chronic Kidney Disease
by Massimo Torreggiani, Carla Maria Avesani, Barbara Contzen, Adamasco Cupisti, Sylwia Czaja-Stolc, Claudia D’Alessandro, Liliana Garneata, Abril Gutiérrez, Françoise Lippi, Carmen Antonia Mocanu, Alice Sabatino and Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
Nutrients 2025, 17(12), 2002; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17122002 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1662
Abstract
Dietary management is a pillar of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment. While some rules are the same as dietary prescriptions for the general population and those suffering from other chronic diseases (energy intake, salt intake, avoidance of ultra-processed food and limited intake of [...] Read more.
Dietary management is a pillar of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment. While some rules are the same as dietary prescriptions for the general population and those suffering from other chronic diseases (energy intake, salt intake, avoidance of ultra-processed food and limited intake of animal fats), in non-dialysis-dependent patients living with CKD, the specific focus is on protein intake. Low-protein diets (LPDs) and supplemented very low protein diets (sVLPDs) have been successfully employed to decrease the symptoms of people living with non-dialysis-dependent CKD, delay the progression of the disease and retard the need for dialysis. Randomized clinical trials have yielded conflicting results on efficacy, resulting in conflicting guidelines. Concerns about the risk of malnutrition (specifically when the main source of proteins is plant-derived), electrolyte imbalances, and energy intake, and the idea that adherence is difficult, jeopardize the use and wide application of LPDs and sVLPDs. That dietary management focuses mainly on nutrients while dietary quality occupies second place is also an erroneous concept that requires discussion. In September 2023, a group of experts composed of nephrologists and dieticians gathered in Frankfurt, Germany, to try to reconcile the different guideline indications and address most of the common doubts of final dispatchers to increase the prescription of “renal diets” and improve people living with CKD’s adherence to them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing the Burden of Chronic Diseases Through Plant-Based Diets)
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18 pages, 318 KiB  
Review
Weight Stigma in Physical and Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review
by Jason Brumitt and Katherine Turner
Obesities 2025, 5(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/obesities5020046 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Background: Weight stigma describes the negative attitudes held toward people with obesity. Weight bias stereotypes have been previously reported in physicians, physician assistants, nurses, registered dieticians, psychologists, and students enrolled in healthcare professional education programs. Physical and occupational therapists (PTs and OTs) are [...] Read more.
Background: Weight stigma describes the negative attitudes held toward people with obesity. Weight bias stereotypes have been previously reported in physicians, physician assistants, nurses, registered dieticians, psychologists, and students enrolled in healthcare professional education programs. Physical and occupational therapists (PTs and OTs) are healthcare providers who evaluate and treat individuals across their lifespan. A PT or an OT who harbors weight bias may create an environment where the patient may fail to optimize their rehabilitation recovery. The first purpose of this scoping review was to identify the prevalence of weight bias in PT and OT clinicians and students. The second purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions at reducing weight bias in these populations. Methods: The CINAHL, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched, and 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: In each study, PT and/or OT clinicians and/or students demonstrated weight bias. A minimum of approximately twenty percent of surveyed participants had weight bias, with one study reporting over eighty percent of subjects expressing negative attitudes. Three of the studies reported mixed results (i.e., improvement or worsening) regarding weight bias scores after intervention. Conclusions: PT and OT clinicians and students demonstrate weight bias similar to other healthcare professionals. Future research is warranted to identify educational interventions that reduce bias within these populations. Full article
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17 pages, 957 KiB  
Review
A New Perspective on Overfeeding in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): Challenges, Dangers and Prevention Methods
by Vlad-Dimitrie Cehan, Alina-Roxana Cehan, Mihai Claudiu Pui and Alexandra Lazar
Life 2025, 15(5), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15050828 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Overfeeding, currently defined as providing excessive energy and nutrients beyond metabolic requirements, is a common yet often overlooked issue in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Understanding the factors contributing to overfeeding and implementing strategies to prevent it is essential for optimizing patient [...] Read more.
Overfeeding, currently defined as providing excessive energy and nutrients beyond metabolic requirements, is a common yet often overlooked issue in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. Understanding the factors contributing to overfeeding and implementing strategies to prevent it is essential for optimizing patient care in the ICU. Several factors contribute to overfeeding in the ICU, including inaccurate estimation of energy requirements, formulaic feeding protocols, and failure to adjust nutritional support based on individual patient needs. Prolonged overfeeding can lead to insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction, exacerbating glycemic control, increasing the risk of infectious complications, and worsening clinical outcomes. Clinically, overfeeding has been linked to delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation, prolonged ICU stay, and increased mortality rates. Regular review and adjustment of feeding protocols, incorporating advances in enteral and parenteral nutrition strategies, are essential for improving patient outcomes. Clinicians must be proficient in interpreting metabolic data, understanding the principles of energy balance, and implementing appropriate feeding algorithms. Interdisciplinary collaboration among critical care teams, including dieticians, physicians, and nurses, is crucial for ensuring consistent and effective nutritional management. Overfeeding remains a significant concern in the ICU after discharge as well, implying further complications for patient safety and integrity. By understanding the causes, consequences, and strategies for the prevention of overfeeding, healthcare providers can optimize nutrition therapy and mitigate the risk of metabolic complications. Through ongoing education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and evidence-based practice, the ICU community can strive to deliver personalized and precise nutritional support to critically ill patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Issues in Intensive Care Medicine)
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14 pages, 1504 KiB  
Article
Medical Doctors, Nurses, and Therapeutic Health Practitioners Knowledge of Risk Factors and Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a South African Setting
by Tshifhiwa Mukheli, Anschen Fourie, Tshepo P. Mokoena, Shingirai B. Kagodora and Thifhelimbilu E. Luvhengo
Diabetology 2025, 6(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology6040031 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 604
Abstract
Background/Objective: Prevention of foot ulceration is critical to reduce the amputation rate in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the knowledge of diabetic foot care management and prevention of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) among categories of healthcare practitioners (HCPs). Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Prevention of foot ulceration is critical to reduce the amputation rate in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the knowledge of diabetic foot care management and prevention of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) among categories of healthcare practitioners (HCPs). Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted at public healthcare facilities within the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Cluster in Gauteng, South Africa. Participants included podiatrists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dieticians, medical orthotists and prosthetists, nurses, and medical doctors. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that assessed knowledge of DFU risk factors, foot examination, foot care, and appropriate footwear. Knowledge level was classified as extremely poor if less than 50% of participants from a category of HCPs answered appropriately, reasonable for 50–59%, average at 60–69%, above average from 70–79%, and excellent when ≥80%. The questionnaire was completed by 449 HCPs and analyzed using STATA version 15, with statistical significance set at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 449 HCPs participated, which comprised the following: 48.1% (216) therapeutic health practitioners (THPs), 37.4% (168) nurses, and 14.5% (65) medical doctors. Only 36% (162) of participants had prior education on DFU. The overall knowledge levels among participants were risk factors of DFU (80%), foot examination (80%), identification of limb-threatening conditions (82%), foot care (77%), and footwear (65%). Medical doctors had the highest median scores for risk factors (85) and foot examination (80), followed by nurses (80 for risk factors and 78 for foot examination). THPs had the lowest median scores for risk factors (78) and foot examinations (70). Differences in knowledge levels across HCPs were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: THPs have insufficient knowledge of diabetic foot care and prevention of DFUs. Comprehensive training and targeted educational programs are needed to fill these gaps and improve patient care. Full article
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15 pages, 2586 KiB  
Article
Considerable Variation in Intake of Live Food Microbes in Dutch Adults
by Berber J. Vlieg-Boerstra, Jeanne H. M. de Vries, Anastriyani Yulviatun and Marcel H. Zwietering
Nutrients 2025, 17(7), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071248 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 683
Abstract
Background: Diet is an important source of microbial exposure, potentially protecting against allergic disease. However, changes in dietary habits may have altered the intake of live food microbes. Aim: We quantitatively assessed the intake of live food microbes in Dutch adults and compared [...] Read more.
Background: Diet is an important source of microbial exposure, potentially protecting against allergic disease. However, changes in dietary habits may have altered the intake of live food microbes. Aim: We quantitatively assessed the intake of live food microbes in Dutch adults and compared these estimates with those obtained from duplicate portions. Methods: In 34 Dutch adults (20–70 years), we estimated the food-microbial content of their diet for three dominant groups: total contaminating bacteria (TCB), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeasts/moulds (YM). A food-microbial load database was compiled with minimum, best, and maximum estimated levels of these food microbes (in colony forming units (CFU)/g food). To estimate microbial intake, the amounts of food consumed (in grams) based on three 24 h dietary recalls were multiplied by the corresponding microbial content/gram of food. For validation, one 24 h duplicate portion per person was analysed for microbial content by conventional plate counting. We applied a one-way ANOVA to assess interindividual variation in microbial exposure, a two-way ANOVA to assess intraindividual variation in microbial intake, the so-called MOM2 analysis and regression analysis to identify foods contributing most to the level and variation of microbial intake, and Bland–Altman plots to assess the agreement between microbial intake estimated from 24-HDR and microbial counts determined in duplicate food samples. Results: The estimated total microbial exposure varied considerably across individuals (p < 0.05), ranging from 5.7 to 11.6 log (5.4 × 105–4.4 × 1011) CFU/day. The exposure to TCB ranged from 2.5 to 11.4 log (3.0 × 102–2.5 × 1011) CFU/day, LAB from 3.4 to 11.5 log (2.3 × 103–3.0 × 1011), and YM from 2.6 to 9.6 log (3.6 × 102–4.3 × 109) CFU/day. Also, intraindividual exposure differed significantly (p < 0.05). Estimates were confirmed by microbial analysis of 24 h duplicate foods, revealing total microbial levels of 6.4–11.0 log (2.8 × 106–9.4 × 1010) CFU/day. On average, the best estimated total microbial exposure was 0.6 log CFU higher than values determined by plate counting of the duplicate foods. Foods responsible for the observed variation were identified. Conclusions: The intake of live food microbes among Dutch adults varied considerably, ranging from nearly a million to more than 100 billion cells per day. Further validation of the food-microbial database is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Prebiotics and Probiotics)
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17 pages, 805 KiB  
Review
Personalized Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Nishigandha Pradhan, Jennifer Kerner, Luciana A. Campos and Mirela Dobre
Biomedicines 2025, 13(3), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030647 - 6 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2840
Abstract
A personalized approach to nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a promising paradigm shift in disease management, moving beyond traditional one-size-fits-all dietary recommendations. Patients with CKD often have other comorbidities and face unique nutritional challenges, including protein-energy wasting (PEW), sarcopenia, [...] Read more.
A personalized approach to nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a promising paradigm shift in disease management, moving beyond traditional one-size-fits-all dietary recommendations. Patients with CKD often have other comorbidities and face unique nutritional challenges, including protein-energy wasting (PEW), sarcopenia, and impaired renal excretion of nutrients, which complicate dietary planning. Current guidelines focus primarily on nutrient restrictions—such as limiting protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. However, these generalized recommendations often result in suboptimal adherence and outcomes. Personalized nutrition, which adapts dietary recommendations to individual characteristics, such as genotype, phenotype, and socio-cultural preferences, has gained traction across various chronic diseases. However, its application in nephrology remains underexplored, and despite promising results from studies such as Food4Me, questions remain about the real-world impact of such strategies. The aims of this review are (1) to summarize the evidence on the current state of nutritional recommendations in CKD, (2) to discuss the emerging role of multi-omics approaches in informing personalized nutrition advice in CKD, and (3) to provide an opinion on nutritional challenges faced by patients with CKD and the importance of collaboration with the renal dietician. We conclude that despite barriers, such as the cost and data integration, personalized nutrition holds the potential to improve CKD outcomes, enhance quality of life, and empower patients through tailored dietary strategies for better disease management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathological Biomarkers in Precision Medicine)
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9 pages, 203 KiB  
Article
Impact of Consultation with Registered Dietitians on Reducing Inappropriate Weight Gain in Pregnant Patients with Food Insecurity
by Kristen Lee Moriarty, Jacqueline Fleuriscar, Sarah Lindsay, Kelsey Manfredi, David O’Sullivan and Jessica Mullins
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050789 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 673
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Screening for food insecurity, while common practice in pediatric populations, remains novel in pregnancy. Food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with medical comorbidities that in turn confer additional obstetric risks to the maternal–fetal dyad. Few studies have evaluated the impact of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Screening for food insecurity, while common practice in pediatric populations, remains novel in pregnancy. Food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with medical comorbidities that in turn confer additional obstetric risks to the maternal–fetal dyad. Few studies have evaluated the impact of interventions for patients with food insecurity in the prenatal period. This study first demonstrates the ease of FI screening in pregnancy using the Hunger Vital Sign™ and next assesses if providing patients with a referral to a registered dietician decreases the incidence of inappropriate weight gain in pregnant patients with food insecurity. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2019 to March of 2021 at a United States Northeast inner-city hospital-based clinic to identify patients with food insecurity in the prenatal period. All pregnant patients who screened positive for food insecurity were given an educational pamphlet with resources and offered a referral to a registered dietician. We compared the incidence of appropriate weight gain among these patients depending on whether they attended an appointment with a registered dietician. We defined appropriate weight gain following the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) based on pre-pregnancy body mass index. Inferential statistics were performed to compare differences using univariate statistics, and multivariate regression was conducted to control for confounders, with an alpha of 0.05. Results: In total, 139 patients screened positive for food insecurity (FI); 52 (37.4%) attended an appointment with a registered dietician. Overall, 88 (61.9%) patients had inappropriate weight gain during pregnancy. Fewer patients who attended a visit with a registered dietician had inappropriate weight gain than those who did not attend a visit (27 [30.7%] vs. 61 [69.3%], p = 0.031, respectively). Both study groups’ demographics, comorbidities, and postpartum outcomes were comparable. Conclusions: We found that for pregnant individuals with food insecurity, consultation with a registered dietician was associated with a decrease in the incidence of inappropriate weight gain during pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition in Women)
28 pages, 360 KiB  
Article
Dietary Habits of Pregnant Women in Spain: The Role of Nutrition Education in Midwife Consultations
by M. Josefa Olloqui-Mundet, Marta Palma-Morales, M. Carmen Cantarell-González, M. Mar Cavia, Sara R. Alonso-Torre, Olga Ocón-Hernández, Celia Rodríguez-Pérez and Celia Carrillo
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010120 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Correct nutrition during pregnancy is key to guaranteeing success at this stage of a woman’s life, and nutritional education is the fundamental tool for achieving this. Studies carried out in different countries indicate that pregnant women do not comply with [...] Read more.
Background & Objectives: Correct nutrition during pregnancy is key to guaranteeing success at this stage of a woman’s life, and nutritional education is the fundamental tool for achieving this. Studies carried out in different countries indicate that pregnant women do not comply with dietary and nutritional recommendations. Given the lack of evidence available in Spain and the importance of this knowledge to be able to assess the need for nutritional intervention in this group, the aim of this study focused on the current status of the issue in Spain: the quality of the diet of Spanish pregnant women and its conditioning factors. Methods: Two representative regions of the country were selected, one located in the north of Spain (Burgos) and the other in the south (Granada), and a descriptive, cross-sectional observational study (sample size: 771) was carried out using a questionnaire administered at the University Hospital of Burgos and the Hospital Clínico San Cecilio in Granada, which had previously been subjected to a process of evaluation by expert judgement. Results: Pregnant women presented an adequate diet quality (8.0 ± 2.0), according to the questionnaire used, despite their poor knowledge of food and nutrition (4.9 ± 1.6 out of 10). However, deficiencies were detected in the consumption of very interesting food groups from a nutritional point of view, such as legumes, nuts and fish (just 29.4%, 37.6% and 24.8% of the pregnant women met the recommendations, respectively) and insufficient physical exercise. The eating habits of pregnant women depend on their age, their country of origin, their level of education, their pre-pregnancy BMI, the knowledge acquired during pregnancy and the degree to which they put into practice the advice received from their midwife. Most pregnant women do not change their habits during pregnancy, although there are positive trends in this respect. Conclusion: The quality of the diet of the Spanish pregnant women surveyed, and their level of physical activity, could be improved by enhancing the nutritional education they receive during this stage of life. The role of the dietician in this respect, as part of multidisciplinary teams, should be the basis for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Habits, Nutritional Knowledge, and Nutrition Education)
12 pages, 890 KiB  
Article
AI-Enhanced Healthcare: Integrating ChatGPT-4 in ePROs for Improved Oncology Care and Decision-Making: A Pilot Evaluation
by Chihying Liao, Chinnan Chu, Mingyu Lien, Yaochung Wu and Tihao Wang
Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32010007 - 26 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3657
Abstract
Background: Since 2023, ChatGPT-4 has been impactful across several sectors including healthcare, where it aids in medical information analysis and education. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) play a crucial role in monitoring cancer patients’ post-treatment symptoms, enabling early interventions. However, managing the voluminous ePRO [...] Read more.
Background: Since 2023, ChatGPT-4 has been impactful across several sectors including healthcare, where it aids in medical information analysis and education. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) play a crucial role in monitoring cancer patients’ post-treatment symptoms, enabling early interventions. However, managing the voluminous ePRO data presents significant challenges. This study assesses the feasibility of utilizing ChatGPT-4 for analyzing side effect data from ePROs. Methods: Thirty cancer patients were consecutively collected via a web-based ePRO platform, reporting side effects over 4 weeks. ChatGPT-4, simulating oncologists, dietitians, and nurses, analyzed this data and offered improvement suggestions, which were then reviewed by professionals in those fields. Results: Two oncologists, two dieticians, and two nurses evaluated the AI’s performance across roles with 540 reviews. ChatGPT-4 excelled in data accuracy and completeness and was noted for its empathy and support, enhancing communication and reducing caregiver stress. It was potentially effective as a dietician. Discussion: This study offers preliminary insights into the feasibility of integrating AI tools like ChatGPT-4 into ePRO cancer care, highlighting its potential to reduce healthcare provider workload. Key directions for future research include enhancing AI’s capabilities in cancer care knowledge validation, emotional support, improving doctor-patient communication, increasing patient health literacy, and minimizing errors in AI-driven clinical processes. As technology advances, AI holds promise for playing a more significant role in ePRO cancer care and supporting shared decision-making between clinicians and patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")
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12 pages, 270 KiB  
Article
Dietary Habits, Awareness, and Knowledge among Polish Healthcare Providers and Healthcare Students
by Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka, Dominika Grońska, Iga Salwa, Julia Niedbałowska, Kamil Paweł Skowron, Katarzyna Anna Dyląg, Elżbieta Rząsa-Duran, Marcin Wojnarski, Agnieszka Pac and Krzysztof Gil
Healthcare 2024, 12(19), 1931; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12191931 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1549
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Nutrition plays a significant role in preventive medicine, as up to 80% of chronic diseases could be avoided by adhering to healthy dietary principles. The aim of our study was to identify dietary habits, awareness, and nutrition knowledge in a random [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Nutrition plays a significant role in preventive medicine, as up to 80% of chronic diseases could be avoided by adhering to healthy dietary principles. The aim of our study was to identify dietary habits, awareness, and nutrition knowledge in a random sample of Polish healthcare students and professionals. Methods: Initially, a total screened sample consisted of 1287 respondents, yet the actual response/participation rate was 634/1287. A validated questionnaire for the Polish population, the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN), was used for the assessment. Results: The majority of respondents were females (84.2% of medical students and 87.2% of healthcare professionals), current non-smokers (79.6% of medical students and 85.2% of healthcare professionals), and had a normal waist circumference (76.3% of medical students and 63.1% of healthcare professionals). Both clinical dieticians and students studying clinical dietetics received significantly different scores of dietary indexes (pro-healthy pHDI-10 and non-healthy nHDI-14) vs. respective groups of respondents. Both healthcare students and professionals who self-reported better nutritional knowledge indeed yielded significantly better results in the dietary indexes as well as nutritional knowledge scores. The nutrition knowledge score was positively correlated with pHDI-10 and negatively correlated with nHDI-14, BMI, age, and waist circumference. Conclusions: Our results illustrate lifestyle trends among Polish healthcare students and professionals, and such results should encourage the development of evidence-based dietary policies targeting healthcare providers. High-quality continuing nutrition education should be obligatorily provided to all healthcare providers to enhance their dietary awareness as well as ensure high quality of care and outcomes achieved by the Polish healthcare system. Full article
11 pages, 959 KiB  
Article
Update on Nutritional Advice Post-Heart Transplant: A Cross-Sectional Study across French-Speaking European Centers
by Jean-Baptiste Bonnet, Claire Trémolières, Clémence Furic-Bego, Laetitia Galibert, Ariane Sultan, Vincent Attalin and Antoine Avignon
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172843 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
Introduction: Heart transplantation is the standard treatment for severe heart failure. Graft preservation and infectious risk secondary to immunosuppressive drugs lead healthcare teams to offer nutritional advice to patients upon discharge from the hospital. However, no consensus or recommendation is available. Method: We [...] Read more.
Introduction: Heart transplantation is the standard treatment for severe heart failure. Graft preservation and infectious risk secondary to immunosuppressive drugs lead healthcare teams to offer nutritional advice to patients upon discharge from the hospital. However, no consensus or recommendation is available. Method: We conducted a study to review the practices in all 26 centers providing heart transplantation in French-speaking Europe. We requested and analyzed the written documents these centers provided to their patients. The same two dieticians categorized the highlighted pieces of advice into distinct, autonomous categories. Results: We identified 116 pieces of advice, categorized into three areas: dietary restrictions for immunosuppressant/food interaction; environmental and food preparation guidelines and prevention of foodborne infections; and healthy and active lifestyle recommendations. Except for advice on immunosuppressant/food interaction, over one-third of the centers suggest discontinuing advice within 2 years post-transplant. General dietary advice covers lipids, carbohydrates, protein, calcium, sodium, and fiber but offers limited guidance on fatty acids despite their importance in cardiovascular risk prevention. Conclusion: This study represents a pioneering exploration of the nutritional advice provided to patients following cardiac transplantation. It underscores the critical necessity of establishing consensus-based clinical guidelines in this domain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)
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15 pages, 2281 KiB  
Article
Anthropometric, Body Composition, and Nutritional Indicators with and without Nutritional Intervention during Nitisinone Therapy in Alkaptonuria
by L. R. Ranganath, M. Khedr, A. M. Milan, A. S. Davison, A. T. Hughes, B. P. Norman, H. Bygott, E. Luangrath, S. Judd, C. Soulsby, B. Olsson and R. Imrich
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162722 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Introduction: Protein nutrition disorder in alkaptonuria (AKU), resulting in increased homogentisic acid (HGA) before nitisinone therapy and increased tyrosine (TYR) during nitisinone therapy, may benefit from dietetic intervention. The aim of this study was to characterise the diet and their effects prospectively in [...] Read more.
Introduction: Protein nutrition disorder in alkaptonuria (AKU), resulting in increased homogentisic acid (HGA) before nitisinone therapy and increased tyrosine (TYR) during nitisinone therapy, may benefit from dietetic intervention. The aim of this study was to characterise the diet and their effects prospectively in those who received formal dietetic intervention in the nitisinone-receiving National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC) patients with those who did not in no-nitisinone Suitability of Nitisinone in Alkaptonuria 2 (SN2 N−) and nitisinone-treated SN2 (SN2 N+) randomised study groups. Patients and methods: A total of 63, 69, and 69 AKU patients from the NAC, SN2 N−, and SN2 N+ were studied for anthropometric (weight, BMI), body composition (including muscle mass, %body fat, hand grip strength), chemical characteristics (serum TYR, serum phenylalanine, urine urea or uUREA, and urine creatinine or uCREAT), and corneal keratopathy. Nitisinone 2 mg and 10 mg were employed in the NAC and SN2 N+ groups, respectively. Dieticians managed protein intake in the NAC, while the SN2 N− and SN2 N+ groups only received advice on self-directed protein restriction during four years of study duration. Results: uUREA decreased in the NAC, SN2 N−, and SN2 N+ groups, showing that protein restriction was achieved in these groups. Body weight and BMI increased in the NAC and SN2 N+ groups. uCREAT decreased significantly in SN2 N− and SN2 N+ compared with the NAC over four years of study. Corneal keratopathy was less frequent in the NAC than in the SN2 N+ group. Active dietetic intervention in NAC stabilised lean body mass (muscle mass, hand grip strength) despite a decrease in uUREA and uCREAT, as well as sTYR. Conclusion: Ongoing dietetic intervention prevented loss of lean body mass despite protein restriction and moderated serum tyrosine increase, leading to less prevalent corneal keratopathy. Protein restriction risks fat mass gain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Management of Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism)
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Article
Knowledge of Food–Drug Interactions among Medical University Students
by Małgorzata Jelińska, Agnieszka Białek, Małgorzata Czerwonka, Dorota Skrajnowska, Agnieszka Stawarska and Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2425; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152425 - 26 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
Background: Food–drug interactions (FDIs) may alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, modifying the whole therapy’s effectiveness. Some of them cause the attenuation of drug effects, while others inhibit the medicines’ metabolism resulting, in too high concentrations of the medicine in the body. Thus, some [...] Read more.
Background: Food–drug interactions (FDIs) may alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, modifying the whole therapy’s effectiveness. Some of them cause the attenuation of drug effects, while others inhibit the medicines’ metabolism resulting, in too high concentrations of the medicine in the body. Thus, some healthcare professionals—doctors, pharmacists or dieticians—should be aware of the possibility of food–drug interactions. This study aimed to assess knowledge of food–drug interactions among students of pharmacy, medicine, stomatology, medical analysis and dietetics and students of the college of further medical education for pharmacy technicians. Methods: Students (n = 820) completed a custom-made questionnaire. The relationships between the continuous variables were analysed on the basis of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. To verify the predictors of objective students’ knowledge about food–drug interactions, a multiple linear regression model with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare the total scores the respondents received for questions assessing their objective knowledge of FDI. Results: Students’ objective knowledge of FDIs correlated positively with their year of study and their self-evaluation of it. It was also significantly influenced by the field and mode of studies and by the fact that the issue had been discussed during the courses. Conclusions: Most students of the medical university had serious deficiencies in their knowledge of food–drug interactions. This is of particular concern for future doctors and dentists. Among the respondents, pharmacy students stood out, as their FDI knowledge was greater. The issue of food–drug interactions should be more widely taught at medical universities, which was emphasised by the respondents themselves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bromatology—All We Should Know about Food and Nutrition)
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