In today’s world, the problem of “white pollution” is becoming more and more serious, and many countries have paid special attention to this problem, and it has become one of the most important tasks to reduce polymer waste and to p...
This study aims to estimate the degradation process of polylactide (PLA) in natural aqueous environments. The biological degradation of PLA took place in the Baltic Sea and in the natural pond over a period of 1 to 16 months. The characteristic abiot...
One of the methods of making traditional polymers more environmentally friendly is to modify them with natural materials or their biodegradable, synthetic equivalents. It was assumed that blends with polylactide (PLA), polysaccharides: chitosan (Ch)...
In vitro methods have been standardized and tested to correctly simulate the rumen environment and fermentation process. A few studies have verified that the feed degradability achieved as a result of stirring the samples is higher when the samples a...
Feeding cereal grain to cattle is common practice for optimal beef and milk production. High concentrations of starch and other soluble carbohydrates may cause acidosis. Information on the effect of processing on starch and protein degradability in t...
The determination of the ruminal degradability rate of feeds, mainly starch and crude protein, is one of the most common methods to evaluate the nutritional value of ruminant feed. The protein requirements for ruminants are met from microbial protein...
This study aims to increase the in vitro ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds (OPFs) through enzymatic pretreatment. The isolated fungi were selected based on their lignocellulosic degrading enzyme activities. Eleven fungi were successfully isola...
Livestock blood, a major organic waste generated by the livestock industry, poses a risk of pollution due to its rapid decomposition. However, it is a potential protein source for agricultural purposes due to its protein-rich organic matter. In this...
Degradable bone implants are designed to foster the complete regeneration of natural tissue after large-scale loss trauma. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites are promising scaffold materials with superior mechanical and osteoin...
Bio-polymer-based composites are appealing cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for electronic applications. This project relates to bio-composites made of chitosan and cellulose and reinforced with strontium titanate nanoparticles....
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was modified using collagen through a grafting method to improve its biocompatibility and degradability. The carboxylic group at the open end of PLA was transferred into the reactive acylchlorided group by a reaction with p...
Three common agricultural beneficial microbes, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, are widely used in the growth cycle of crops, and increase the yield of agricultural products through disease prevention and steriliza...
The surface treatments and various magnesium alloys are applied to improve the fast degradation rate and resulting negative effects of magnesium alloys. This study aimed to assess the effect of anodic oxidation treatment of magnesium–calcium (M...
The degradation rate of magnesium (Mg) alloys is a key parameter to develop Mg-based biomaterials and ensure in vivo-mechanical stability as well as to minimize hydrogen gas production, which otherwise can lead to adverse effects in clinical applicat...
Copper (Cu) and its alloys have bactericidal activity known as “contact killing” with degradation of nucleic acids inside the bacteria, which is beneficial to inhibit horizontal gene transfer (HGF). In order to understand the nucleic acid...
The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme derived from Trichoderma reesei on dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradability of whole plant faba bean silage (Snowbird), (2) evaluate t...
Biodegradable mulches (BDMs) are considered promising alternative green materials to achieve the substitution of polythene (PE) films to reduce plastic pollution. However, whether the BDMs are sufficiently effective to promote cotton production as PE...
This work studied the effect of feeding glycerin in bulls that were fed high levels of concentrate on the ruminal environment and in situ degradability of feedstuffs. Four ruminally cannulated young bulls were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square a...
Six kinds of chiral polyamide-imides (PAI3a–3f) have successfully been synthesized via direct polycondensation. The thermal properties of the materials were evaluated by the gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)...
Bio-based polymers have been suggested as one possible opportunity to counteract the progressive accumulation of microplastics in the environments. The gradual substitution of conventional plastics by bio-based polymers bears a variety of novel mater...
Eight kinds of chiral diacid monomers were prepared with amino acids with different side groups or configurations. Polyester-imides (PEIs) were synthesized from these diacid monomers and diphenol monomers through polycondensation reaction, and the pe...
Here, super-macroporous cryogel from a natural polysaccharide, pullulan was synthesized using a cryo-crosslinking technique with divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The hydrolytic degradation of the pullulan cryogel in various simulated body flui...
Petroleum-based plastics are non-renewable and degrade poorly, persisting in the environment and causing serious ecological pollution, so urgent development of alternatives is needed. In this study, all-bamboo fiber thermosetting plastics (BTPs) were...
The aim of fungal treatment of organic matter for ruminants is the improvement of its degradability. So far, such treatment appears to be time-consuming and improvement has been modest. In previous work, we observed within three white rot species tha...
Determination of digestibility represents the first step for the evaluation of the net energy content of feed for livestock animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo digestibility and in vitro degradability of five diets characterize...
Pineapple waste silage (PAS) is an abundant agro-industrial by-product characterized by its high fiber content posing a high potential feed value as roughage for ruminants. Studies on its supplementation with proteolytic enzyme (PE) will help extend...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimum proportion of sorghum straw and ammoniated wheat straw in vitro and in vivo to apply in ruminant diets. One-factor and two-factor experimental designs were used in the in vitro tests, with diff...
The nutritional potential of Opuntia forage is limited by its low crude protein (CP) content. Urea supplementation enhances low-quality forages, but its application in Opuntia silage and its influence on ruminal degradability are limited. This study...
The blackberry poses a threat as an invasive plant in various regions worldwide, where it aggressively competes with native species and risks delicate ecosystems. Livestock grazing has emerged as a potential strategy to mitigate its spread. This stud...
Inexpensive and no-maintenance biodegradable soil moisture sensors could improve existing knowledge on spatial and temporal variability of available soil water at field-scale. Such sensors can unlock the full potential of variable-rate irrigation (VR...
Three ruminal cannulated Simmental crossbreed bulls (approximately 3 years of age and with 380 ± 20 kg live weight at initiation of the experiment) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square experiment in order to determine the effects of the tre...
Fodder scarcity, inadequate nutritional quality, and lack of degradation kinetics research are among the serious concerns hindering sustainable development of livestock globally. Rumen degradation kinetics data on neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in buf...
Microplastics (MPs) raise environmental concerns. However, their effects on the ruminal–gastro-intestinal system have not yet been studied. This study aims to investigate the effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs on the ability of the...
Two types of modified nano-montmorillonite (MNM) were developed by ion-exchange reactions using two different surfactants; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB), to prepare MNMSDS and MNMCETAB, respectively. Both MNM...
Polymer-based nanocomposites such as polycaprolactone/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) have emerged as alternatives for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of a gelatin (Gt) coating on the d...
The aim of this study was to evaluate different doses of bacterial inoculants and the inclusion of 8% ground corn grain (GCG) on fermentative characteristics, chemical composition, and in situ ruminal degradability of low-DM elephant grass (cv. BRS C...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feed quality of reconstituted corn grain silage (RCGS), treated with chemical additives and stored for 15, 30, or 60 d in 5-L plastic buckets. Dry ground corn was rehydrated to 350 g·kg−1 and tre...
Copolyesters derived from 1,4-butanediol and constituted also of aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylate units in a molar ratio of 3:7 were synthesized by a two-step polycondensation procedure. Succinic, adipic, and sebacic acids were specifically selec...
Live yeast cultures have been a popular additive in ruminant feeds to improve fermentation efficiency, rumen, and intestinal health. However, very little is known about inactive yeast culture and hydrolysable yeast cells on nutrient digestibility in...
To improve the utilization efficiency of rape straw, anaerobic calcium oxide (CaO) alkalization was conducted, and advanced molecular spectroscopy was applied, to detect the internal molecular structural changes. Rape straw was treated with different...
Few studies have evaluated the impact of a lipid-rich diet with palmitic acid (PA) in ruminal fermentation. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro bath culture of the protected PA on the ruminal fermentative variables. Four diets were used: (a) w...
Congenital disease, tumors, infections, and trauma are the main reasons for cranial bone defects. Herein, poly (butylene succinate) (PB)/silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanocomposites (PSC) with Si3N4 content of 15 w% (PSC15) and 30 w% (PSC30) were fabricate...
The starch availability and nutritional value of corn (Zea mays L.) are affected by zein proteins. The aim of the study was to see whether the proposed reduction of γ-zeins during the fermentation of silages is a result of either the enzymatic...
The inevitable enteric gas emission from ruminants is considered a modern-day problem from an environmental perspective. Addressing this problem requires nutritional approaches such as the use of phytogenic additives in ruminant diets. In this regard...
Three main crop straws including corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), and two forages including alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil) were analyzed in order to...
A gellan gum (GG) hydrogel must demonstrate a number of critical qualities—low viscosity, degradability, desirable mechanical properties, anti-swelling properties, and biocompatibility—in order to be regarded as suitable for retinal pigme...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the genotype on the chemical composition, feeding value and in vitro rumen degradability of fresh and ensiled forage of four native maize varieties (Amarillo, Olotillo, Tampiqueño and T...
This study was conducted to investigate the rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility of mutton sheep diets different in concentrate-to-forage ratio, NFC/NDF, and ingredient combination, providing a guideline for the selection of a fattening d...
To increase the human lifespan, healthcare monitoring devices that diagnose diseases and check body conditions have attracted considerable interest. Commercial AgCl-based wet electrodes with the advantages of high conductivity and strong adaptability...
Many key components of implantable medical devices are made from polymeric materials. The functions of these materials include structural support, electrical insulation, protection of other materials from the environment of the body, and biocompatibi...
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