Cancer is a disorder characterized by an uncontrollable overgrowth and a fast-moving spread of cells from a localized tissue to multiple organs of the body, reaching a metastatic state. Throughout years, complexity of cancer progression and invasion,...
In advanced Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technologies, where diminished feature sizes amplify radiation-induced soft errors, the optimization of fault-tolerant circuit designs requires detailed transistor-level analysis of reliabili...
The reconstruction of patients who possess multi morbid medical histories remains a challenge. With the ever-increasing number of patients with diabetes, infections, and trauma, there is a consistent need for promotion of soft tissue healing and a re...
Salvia officinalis (SO) is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine worldwide. In the present study, the effect of an ethanolic extract of S. officinalis leaves on hallmarks of cancer of HPV-16-positive cancer tumorigenic cells, TC-...
Studies of virus–host interactions in vitro may be hindered by biological characteristics of conventional monolayer cell cultures that differ from in vivo infection. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures show more in vivo-like characteristics an...
The wide use of 3D-organotypic cell models is imperative for advancing our understanding of basic cell biological mechanisms. For this purpose, easy-to-use enabling technology is required, which should optimally link standardized assessment methods t...
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures represent small avascular tumors in vitro and simulate some of the biological characteristics of solid tumors, enhancing the evaluation of anticancer drug efficacy. Automated image analysis can be used for the ass...
Embryo implantation has been defined as the “black box” of human reproduction. Most of the knowledge on mechanisms underlining this process derives from animal models, but they cannot always be translated to humans. Therefore, the develop...
Breast cancer stands as one of the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths globally, characterized by its varied molecular subtypes. Each subtype requires a distinct therapeutic strategy. Although advancements in treatment have enhanced patient outco...
Vitamin D is a direct and indirect regulator of T cells. The mechanisms by which vitamin D directly regulates T cells are reviewed and new primary data on the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) on human invariant natural killer (iNK)T ce...
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers in women. The active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3, calcitriol) has anticancer activity in several cancers, including ovarian cancer, but the required pharmacolo...
Radiation therapy is one of the most effective tools in cancer therapy. However, success varies individually, necessitating improved understanding of radiobiology. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids are increasingly gaining attention, being a sup...
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) remains one of the leading causes of tumor mortality due to its high metastatic spread. CM growth is influenced by inflammation regulated by prostaglandins (PGs) whose synthesis is catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COXs). COX inhi...
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is responsible for food digestion and host protection from harmful stimuli; however, its function as an endocrine organ is also well documented. Somatostatin (SST) was first discovered in the hypothalamus, but the GI t...
Cancer is a disease with the highest mortality and morbidity rate worldwide. First-line drugs induce several side effects that drastically reduce the quality of life of people with this disease. Finding molecules to prevent it or generate less aggres...
Much interest has been directed towards stem cells, both in basic and translational research, to understand basic stem cell biology and to develop new therapies for many disorders. In general, stem cells can be cultured with relative ease, however, m...
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) respond to a variety of tumor cell-derived signals, such as inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. As a result, the inflammatory tumor microenvironment may lead to the recruitment of BMSCs. Wh...
Vitamin D3 is the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a pleiotropic hormone that is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the phenotype and physiology of many cell types by controlling the expression of...
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the growth of human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2) in two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. FTIR microspectroscopy, coupled with multivariate a...
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of renewing the progenitor cell fraction or differentiating in a tissue-specific manner. Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived MSC (adMSC) is important in various pathological processes....
Studies over the last two decades have revealed profound immunomodulatory aspects of vitamin D on various aspects of the immune system. This review will provide an overview of Vitamin D metabolism, a description of dendritic cell subsets, and highlig...
Aim: Sca-1+CD31− cells are resident cardiac progenitor cells, found in many mammalian tissues including the heart, and able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our previous work indicated that heart-derived Sca-1+CD31&min...
Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant adva...
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture methods have a long history of mimicking in vivo cell growth. However, these methods cannot fully represent physiological conditions, which lack two major indexes of the in vivo environment; one is a...
Despite the remarkable progress in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their instability and rapid degradation over time still restrict their commercialization. A 2D capping layer has been proved to overcome the stability issues; however, an in-depth unde...
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone crucial for bone mineral metabolism. In addition, vitamin D has pleiotropic actions in the body, including anti-cancer actions. These anti-cancer properties observed within in vitro studies frequently report the reducti...
Effective cell number monitoring throughout the three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is a key factor in tissue engineering. There are many methods developed to evaluate cell number in 2D environments; however, they often encounter limitations in 3D. There...
Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies, calling for enhanced research. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 70–80% of all cases and is known for its resistance to conventional th...
Background. Currently, most of the research on breast cancer has been carried out in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures due to its practical benefits, however, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is becoming the model of choice in ca...
This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of hypocalcemic analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1,25D2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) to inhibit regrowth and regulate the stemness-related gene expression in colon cancer cells undergoing re...
Cell culture and cell scaffold engineering have previously developed in two directions. First can be ‘static into dynamic’, with proven effects that dynamic cultures have benefits over static ones. Researches in this direction have used s...
Signaling-pathway analyses and the investigation of gene responses to different stimuli are usually performed in 2D monocultures. However, within the glomerulus, cells grow in 3D and are involved in direct and paracrine interactions with different gl...
The formation of a thin 2D perovskite layer on the surface of 3D perovskite films has become a popular strategy for obtaining a high-efficiency perovskite solar cell (PSC) with an ensured device stability. In this review paper, various experimental m...
Current conventional cancer drug screening models based on two-dimensional (2D) cell culture have several flaws and there is a large need of more in vivo mimicking preclinical drug screening platforms. The microenvironment is crucial for the cells to...
Spherical, multicellular aggregates of tumor cells, or three-dimensional (3D) tumor models, can be grown from established cell lines or dissociated cells from tissues in a serum-free medium containing appropriate growth factors. Air–liquid inte...
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are capable of progenitor cell fraction renewal or tissue-specific differentiation. These properties are maintained during in vitro cultivation, making them an interesting model system for testing biological and p...
Background/Objectives: Bioprinting is an innovative technology in tissue engineering, enabling the creation of complex biological structures. This study aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted model of Müller cells (MCs) to enhance o...
The discrepancies between the findings in preclinical studies, and in vivo testing and clinical trials have resulted in the gradual decline in drug approval rates over the past decades. Conventional in vitro drug screening platforms employ two-dimens...
Lung cancer is the most common type of malignant tumor worldwide. Plasma-activated medium (PAM) is an innovative cancer treatment method that has received considerable scientific attention. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of PA...
Cannabidiol (CBD), as the only phytocannabinoid that has no psychoactive effect, has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and thus might be suggested as a cytoprotective compound against UV-induced metabolic changes in skin cells. Therefor...
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures are grown on rigid plastic substrates with unrealistic concentration gradients of O2, nutrients, and treatment agents. More importantly, 2D cultures lack cell–cell and cell–extracellular mat...
Cancer is intrinsically complex, comprising both heterogeneous cellular composition and extracellular matrix. In vitro cancer research models have been widely used in the past to model and study cancer. Although two-dimensional (2D) cell culture mode...
In genetic toxicology, there is a trend against the increased use of in vivo models as highlighted by the 3R strategy, thus encouraging the development and implementation of alternative models. Two-dimensional (2D) hepatic cell models, which are gene...
Background: The lack of a stable source of hepatocytes is one of major limitations in hepatocyte transplantation and clinical applications of a bioartificial liver. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with a high degree of self-renewal and totipotency...
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the third most common autoimmune disease which develops due to genetic and environmental risk factors. Often, intensive insulin therapy is insufficient, and patients require a pancreas or pancreatic islets transplant. However...
Background/Objectives: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents a rare B-cell lymphoma subtype with rather high relapse rates. Somatic mutations in the PPM1D gene were shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with diffuse large B-cell ly...
Cancer is one of the main causes of human mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in the diagnostics, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the search for more effective treatment regimens and drug combinations are relevant. This work aimed to a...
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates many genomic and non-genomic effects of vitamin D. Recently, the mitochondrial effects of vitamin D have been characterized in many cell types. In this article, we investigated the importance of VDR not only in mitoc...
Recent trends in 3D cell culturing has placed organotypic tissue models at another level. Now, not only is the microenvironment at the cynosure of this research, but rather, microscopic geometrical parameters are also decisive for mimicking a tissue...
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is a bone modulator widely used in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to analyze the effects of vitamin D on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Me...
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