The electronegativity concept was first formulated by Pauling in the first half of the 20th century to explain quantitatively the properties of chemical bonds between different types of atoms. Today, it is widely known that, in high-pressure regimes,...
In this review, we provide a short outlook of some of the current most popular pictures and promising approaches to non-perturbative physics and confinement in gauge theories. A qualitative and by no means exhaustive discussion presented here covers...
We show that the Higgs and confinement phases of a gauge Higgs theory, with the Higgs field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group, are distinguished both by a broken or unbroken realization of the global center subgroup of the gauge gr...
In the present study, the influence of spatial confinement on the bond length as well as dipole moment, polarizability and (hyper)polarizabilities of HeH
Through the years, laser shock peening became a treatment of choice in the aerospace industry to prolong the life of certain critical pieces. Water flow is commonly used as a confinement to improve the process capability but some applications cannot...
The conformation of polymer chains under confinement is investigated in intercalated polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites. Hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)/sodium montmorillonite, PEO/Na+-MMT, hybrids were prepared utilizing melt intercalation wit...
The high stress environment brings many challenges in underground coal mining. In order to address the strength behavior of coal under various confining stresses and hence shed light on coal pillar design optimization, compressive tests were conducte...
21 September 2020
Background: The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common health behavior. The unprecedent worldwide confinement, in which Spain has been one of the most affected—with severe rules governing confinement—may ha...
Confinement with a rectangular cross-section is commonly used to simulate the role of a swirl combustor, yet its effect on swirling flows remains poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of confinement on the isothermal flow field of...
Superinsulators (SI) are a new topological state of matter, predicted by our collaboration and experimentally observed in the critical vicinity of the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT). SI are dual to superconductors and realise electric-magn...
The dynamic modulus is a key property determining the short- and long-term performance of asphalt pavement, and its strong dependence on confining pressure and material density (mixture compactness) has been clearly indicated in the literature. It is...
We present an informational study of a spherically confined hydrogen atom, a hydrogenic ion confined in a strongly coupled plasma, a spherically confined harmonic oscillator, and a particle confined in a cage. For this, we have implemented a numerica...
Experimental tests on confined concrete specimens are essential to characterize the mechanisms activated under varying degrees of confinement. Such characterization is critical for understanding how full, partial, and non-uniform wrapping configurati...
The stability and uniformity of a liquid line formed by the sequential deposition of droplets are essential to the quality of products in many industry applications. In this work, a numerical model based on the front tracking method (FTM) is develope...
It has been recognized that the anisotropic structures dominate the deformation and strength properties of laminated rock masses. The resultant strength anisotropy is strongly affected by confining pressures beyond anisotropic structures. Nevertheles...
In 1978, Friedberg and Lee introduced the phenomenological soliton bag model of hadrons, generalizing the MIT bag model developed in 1974 shortly after the formulation of QCD. In this model, quarks and gluons are confined due to coupling with a real...
A new in-soil tensile test apparatus was developed to simulate the in-soil stress condition of geosynthetics in a real working state. An in-soil tensile test with or without friction was conducted, along with in-air tensile tests of eight types of ge...
Nanostructured materials have become the central subject of materials research during the last decade in the past 20th century owing to the novel electronic, optical, and catalytic properties observed in such materials. The unusual properties of thes...
In the paper, the impact of the limitation of the environment around the office of synthetic jet actuators were tested. One short and three length orifices were tested and compared with and without confinement plate. In total, seven different synthet...
Confinement and crowding have been shown to affect protein fates, including folding, functional stability, and their interactions with self and other proteins. Using both theoretical and experimental studies, researchers have established the independ...
This review discusses confinement, as well as the topological and critical phenomena, in the gauge theories which provide the condensation of magnetic monopoles. These theories include the 3D SU(N) Georgi-Glashow model, the 4D [U(1)]
The confinement of reinforced concrete (RC) compression members by fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) is an effective measure for the strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures. Thus far, extensive research on the stress–strain behavio...
11 September 2020
The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, considering any protective factors, such as the practice of meditation or self-compassion, and their relationship with different lifesty...
We review our simulation results on properties of supercooled confined water. We consider two situations: water confined in a hydrophilic pore that mimics an MCM-41 environment and water at interface with a protein. The behavior upon cooling of the
In this review, we revisit our approach to constructing an effective theory for Abelian and Non-Abelian gauge theories in 4D. Our goal is to have an effective theory that provides a simple classical picture of the main qualitatively important feature...
Confinement can induce substantial changes in the physical properties of macromolecules in suspension. Soft confinement is a particular class of restriction where the boundaries that constraint the particles in a region of the space are not well-defi...
Combining broadband dielectric spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies, we analyze the reorientation dynamics and the translational diffusion associated with the glassy slowdown of the eutectic aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide solution in nano-...
Parallel strand bamboo is a composite material that demonstrates high strength and low variability compared to other timber materials. However, its use in bolted connections is limited by a tendency to fail in shear-out mode. One promising technique...
We show how a source-aware fluid closure framework for turbulent transport performs well on the confinement timescale in magnetically confined plasmas. A central result is that whether a source is resonant with the turbulence determines which fluid m...
The mechanical properties of stone materials can be severely affected by exposure to high temperatures. The effect of fire on stone buildings could cause irreversible damage and make it necessary to retrofit the affected elements. Particularly, the s...
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of small guest molecules, confined in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physico-chemical techniques....
l-asparaginase (ASNase, EC 3.5.1.1) is an aminohydrolase enzyme with important uses in the therapeutic/pharmaceutical and food industries. Its main applications are as an anticancer drug, mostly for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, and...
One of the main limitations to the use of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites for the external confinement of masonry is the lack of accurate formulas for estimating the compressive strength and ultimate strain of confined members...
Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems are promising solutions for the confinement of masonry columns because they demonstrate strengthening effectiveness and, at the same time, compatibility with historical substrates. Nevertheless, th...
Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are often placed under confinement to increase their strength and ductility. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials have recently been recognized as favorable confinement systems. At present, a number of nat...
The zebrafish model is an emerging model for the study of the complex behavioural patterns noted in depression and neurological disorders. Confinement and memory loss are linked with cognition and mental health impairment, where confinement paradigms...
Hydrodynamically confined flow device technology is a young research area with high practical application potential in surface processing, assay development, and in various areas of single cell research. Several variants have been developed, and most...
Despite several decades of intensive study of the morphological changes in meandering rivers, less attention has been paid to confined meanders. This paper studies the hydro-morphodynamics of two adjacent sub-reaches of a meandering creek, located in...
This article reviews recent advances in terahertz science and technology that rely on confining the energy of incident terahertz radiation to small, very sub-wavelength sized regions. We focus on two broad areas of application for such field confinem...
For the safety of tunnel excavation, the observation of tunnel convergence not only provides a technique for assessing the stability of the surrounding ground, but also provides an estimate of the constitutive parameters of geological materials. This...
The confinement-induced liquidlike-to-solidlike phase transition is a well-documented phenomenon observed in both experimental and computational settings. In order to better understand the kinetics and thermodynamics of this process, this study uses...
The objective of this study is to measure the interstitial pore pressure into saturated concrete under hundreds of megapascals of confinement. This study is carried out within a more general context aiming to understand the behavior of concrete struc...
Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted lifestyles worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of confinement on anxiety symptoms and sleep quality in people living in extreme southern latitudes. The Beck A...
This paper presents the results of an experimental study involving 20 tests performed on elliptical concrete columns confined with externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (EB-CFRP) laminates. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of ellip...
Fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are currently considered a suitable solution for strengthening existing structures. Confinement applications are still being investigated, since experimental programs showed significant scatter...
Poor water solubility is one of the major challenges to the development of oral dosage forms containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Polymorphism in APIs leads to crystals with different surface wettabilities and free energies, which can...
We present a general description of the formalism of symmetry-adapted rotator functions (SARFs) for molecules in cylindrical confinement. Molecules are considered as clusters of interaction centers (ICs), can have any symmetry, and can display differ...
17 May 2021
Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of...
This paper aims to comprehensively investigate the axial and flexural performance of circularized square reinforced concrete (CSRC) columns discontinuously and continuously confined with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The test results of twe...
When liquids are confined into a nanometer-scale slit, the induced layering-like film structure allows the liquid to sustain non-isotropic stresses and thus be load-bearing. Such anisotropic characteristics of liquid under confinement arise naturally...
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