1,384 Results Found

Efficient induction of target-specific antibodies can be elicited upon immunization with highly immunogenic virus-like particles (VLPs) decorated with desired membrane-anchored target antigens (Ags). However, for example, for diagnostic purposes, mon...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15–20% of invasive breast cancers and represents a highly heterogeneous, aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options, necessitating the identification of novel therapeut...

Although trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2)-targeting drugs are already approved or under investigation in various solid tumors, the significance of Trop2 in lymphoma is unknown. Thus, our objective was to investigate the expression of Trop2...

Lung cancer is one of the most common and intractable malignancies. It is associated with low survival rates despite existing treatments, indicating that new and more effective therapies are urgently needed such as the chimeric antigen receptor-T (CA...

Background: Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in epithelial cells that has been associated with malignant progression in most carcinomas. Accordingly, the genetic complexity of gastrointestinal tumo...

The quantitative analysis of cell surface antigens has attracted increasing attention due to the antigenic variation recognition that can facilitate early diagnoses. This paper presents a novel methodology based on the optical “cell-tearing&rdq...

Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) is an antigenic epitope (also called CD15 antigen) defined as a Lewis X carbohydrate structure and known to be expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and murine an...

Tumor cells are known for their ability to proliferate. Nutrients are essential for rapidly growing tumor cells. In particular, essential amino acids are essential for tumor cell growth. Tumor cell growth nutrition requires the regulation of membrane...

Oncology immunotherapy has been a significant advancement in cancer treatment and involves harnessing and redirecting a patient’s immune response towards their own tumour. Specific recognition and elimination of tumour cells was first proposed...

Stem cell-based therapies and experimental methods rely on efficient induction of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). During limb development, the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) produces limb-bud mesenchymal (LBM) cells that differentiate into osteoc...

Leukocyte cell-surface HLA-I molecules, involved in antigen presentation of peptides to CD8+ T-cells, consist of a heavy chain (HC) non-covalently linked to β2-microglobulin (β2m) (Face-1). The HC amino acid composition varies across all si...

Introduction: The Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) is expressed in many carcinomas and may represent a target for treatment. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a TROP2–directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Nearly nothing is known about t...

The kinetics of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) vary depending on their resident tissues and the manner of immunization. We investigated the long-term changes in mature APC and T-cell subsets over 4 weeks in the ocular surface in murine models of cor...

Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with trombiculid mites and is the causative agent of scrub typhus, a life-threatening febrile disease. Strain typing of O. tsutsugamushi is based on its immunodominant surface a...

We present a template-assisted method for synthesizing nanogap shell structures for biomolecular detections based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The interior nanogap-containing a silver shell structure, referred to as a silver nanogap shell (A...

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection, causing immune dysfunction and chronic hepatitis, is one of the leading risk factors for hepatocellular cancer. We investigated how Arthrospira affected hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reduction in CHB p...

The emergence of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) has transformed the treatment landscape of a variety of cancers. ADCs typically consist of three main components: monoclonal antibody, chemical linker, and cytotoxic payload. These integrated the...

Introduction. As oral mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have not, to date, been isolated from systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, the aim of this in vitro experiment was to characterize gingival MSCs (SScgMSCs) and granulation tissue MSCs (SScgtMSCs) f...

Sebaceous carcinoma and sweat gland carcinoma (malignant tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation) are rare malignant skin adnexal tumors that differentiate toward sebaceous gland and eccrine and apocrine glands, respectively. Owing to the ra...

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer arising in the apocrine gland-rich areas. Most EMPD tumors are dormant, but metastatic lesions are associated with poor outcomes owing to the lack of effective systemic therapies. Trophoblast...

Autoantibodies related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases propel research on paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). This syndrome develops autoantibodies in combination with certain neurological syndromes and cancers, such as anti-HuD anti...

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2, encoded by TACSTD2) is the target protein of sacituzumab govitecan, a novel antibody-drug conjugate for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, the expression status of Trop-2 in upper...

Background: Killed Whole Cell Genome-Reduced Bacteria (KWC/GRB), a versatile vaccine platform, can produce very low cost, thermostable, easily manufactured vaccines expressing complex immunogens that include potent immunomodulators. This system suppo...

Quantifying the density and locating the position of antigens on cell surface has been a challenge in molecular biology research. The challenge lies in the need for a chemically and photophysically stable fluorophore to achieve the required sensitivi...

The demand has increased for sophisticated molecular tools with improved detection limits. Such molecules should be simple in structure, yet stable enough for clinical applications. Nucleic acid aptamers (NAAs) represent a class of molecules able to...

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal form of primary brain tumor. There has been minimal improvement in overall GBM survival in recent years. To increase survival in patients with GBM, it is important to study novel GBM molecular ant...

Immune system CD4 T-cells with high cell-surface CD26 expression show anti-tumoral properties. When engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), they incite strong responses against solid cancers. This subset was originally associated to human...

Cell surface HLA-I molecules (Face-1) consist of a polypeptide heavy chain (HC) with two groove domains (G domain) and one constant domain (C-domain) as well as a light chain, B2-microglobulin (B2m). However, HCs can also independently emerge unfolde...

Flow cytometry, measuring light signals, can be used as a quantitative tool to appreciate the numbers of cell-surface molecules targeted with monoclonal antibodies, among other applications. This has been extensively used for blood cells and especial...

Recent studies have linked the activity of ER aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) to increased efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of ERAP2 could have important therapeutic implications. To ex...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells brought a paradigm shift in the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant lymphomas. Conversely, clinical experience with CAR T cells targeting solid tumors has been disheartening, indicating the necessity o...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy, however, therapeutic success against solid tumors such as neuroblastoma remains modest. Recurrence of antigen-poor tumor variants often ultimately results i...

Membrane trafficking is emerging as an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer. Recent reports have found a connection between Wnt signaling, receptor-mediated endocytosis, V-ATPase, lysosomal activity, and macropinocytosis through the canonical W...

Escherichia coli is a versatile commensal species of the animal gut that can also be a pathogen able to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections. The plasticity of its genome has led to the evolution of pathogenic strains, which represent a th...

B cells contribute to innate and adaptive immunity. In the former, Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation promotes the expansion of inflammatory B cells. In the latter, B cell receptor (BCR) activation results in the production of antibodies or autoanti...

Since 1985 when the first agent targeting antigens on the surface of lymphocytes was approved (muromonab-CD3), a multitude of such therapies have been used in children with hematologic malignancies. A detailed literature review until January 2021 was...

Neuro-glia antigen 2/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4, also called MCSP, HMW-MAA, MSK16, MCSPG, MEL-CSPG, or gp240) is a large cell-surface antigen and an unusual cell membrane integral glycoprotein frequently expressed on undifferentiat...

The transparency of the cornea along with its dense sensory innervation and resident leukocyte populations make it an ideal tissue to study interactions between the nervous and immune systems. The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue of the b...

To discover therapeutically relevant antibody candidates, many groups use mouse immunization followed by hybridoma generation or B cell screening. One modern approach is to screen B cells by generating natively paired single chain variable fragment (...

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) presents a major public health threat by causing frequently recurrent, life-threatening cases of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. The ability of C. difficile to express antibiotic resistance and to form l...

Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a tumor-associated antigen that is connected with the development of various tumors and has been identified as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. To date, the immunotherapy against Trop-2 mainly...

Backgroud: The introduction of highly active immunotherapies has changed the outcome of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) in the last two decades. Since then, important progress has been shown using newer and more active immunotherapies, includin...

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that produces neoplastic bone or osteoid osteoma. In human multicentric osteosarcoma (HMOS), a unique variant of human osteosarcoma (HOS), multiple bone lesions occur simultaneously or asynchronously before lung meta...

Pectobacterium carotovorum is a gram-negative bacterium that, together with other soft rot Enterobacteriaceae causes soft rot disease in vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants through the action of exoproteins including plant cell wall-degrading e...

Background and Aims: Treatment with siRNAs that target HBV has demonstrated robust declines in HBV antigens. This effect is also observed in the AAV-HBV mouse model, which was used to investigate if two cycles of GalNAc-HBV-siRNA treatment could indu...

Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine for more than 30 years, nearly 300 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), leading to 1 death every 30 s mainly from viral hepatitis-related cir...

The expression of 5T4/trophoblast glycoprotein was evaluated in several histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) to determine whether the prevalence and level of expression of this membrane-associated glycoprotein is sufficient for use in t...

A large-scale Escherichia coli (E. coli) production of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 could yield a versatile and low-cost antigen for a subunit vaccine. Appropriately folded antigens can potentially elicit the production of neut...

Different serological assays were rapidly generated to study humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein. Due to the intrinsic difficulty of working with SARS-CoV-2 authentic virus, most serological assays use recombinant forms of the...

Recognition of cell-surface glycans is an important step in the attachment of several viruses to susceptible host cells. The molecular basis of glycan interactions and their functional consequences are well studied for human norovirus (HuNoV), an imp...