The importance of understanding the energy loss specifics by the cathode for vacuum arc metallic plasma generation and its applications were emphasized. To this end, the heat conduction losses per unit current were characterized by the cathode effect...
A vacuum arc is an electrical discharge, in which the current is supported by localized cathode heating and plasma generation in minute regions at the cathode surface called cathode spots. Cathode spots produce a metallic plasma jet used in many appl...
The aim of this study was the optimization of a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) architecture, by increasing the number of cathode electrodes. An air cathode single chamber MFC with a modifiable lid and bottom was operated with 4 and 6 Gore-T...
Research on the regeneration of cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries for resource reclamation and environmental protection is attracting more and more attention today. However, the majority of studies on recycling lithium-ion batteries (L...
A super-iron Li-ion cathode with a 3-fold higher reversible capacity (a storage capacity of 485 mAh/g) is presented. One of the principle constraints to vehicle electrification is that the Li-ion cathode battery chemistry is massive, and expensive. D...
During the last decade, bioprospecting for electrochemically active bacteria has included the search for new sources of inoculum for microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, concerning power and current production, a Geobacter-dominated mixed microbial...
Most of the voltage losses of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are due to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction on the cathode and the low oxygen diffusion rate inside the flooded cathode. To simulate the transient flooding in the cath...
The dissolution of active material in aqueous batteries can lead to a rapid deterioration in capacity, and the presence of free water can also accelerate the dissolution and trigger some side reactions that affect the service life of aqueous batterie...
The C12A7 hollow cathode is expected to usher in a new generation of hollow cathodes because of its low work function and chemical stability. In order to reduce the emission melting and degradation caused by the overheating of this new cathode, diffe...
Emerging energy storage systems have received significant attention along with the development of renewable energy, thereby creating a green energy platform for humans. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are commonly used, such as in smartphones, tablets,...
A TiB2 wettable cathode coating was deposited on a graphite carbon cathode material via atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and phase composition of the TiB2 coating were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffra...
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems for desalination using the bacteria-generated electricity from the biodegradation of organic wastes contained in the wastewater. Instead of being a sustainable and eco-frien...
The effective development of modern welding technologies and the improvement of equipment and materials inevitably require deep theoretical knowledge about the physical phenomena occurring in the electric arc column and in the near-electrode region....
Complete desorption of contaminants from electrode materials is required for the efficient utilization and long service life of capacitive deionization (CDI) but remains a major challenge. The electrodesorption capacity of CDI in the conventional ele...
The open-cathode forced-convection proton exchange membrane fuel cell has emerged as a viable option for portable energy sources. The forced-convection open-cathode mode, however, makes the cell’s performance sensitive to changes in the cathode...
Due to the demand for wearable and implantable microelectronic devices (MED), there is growing interest in the development of thin-film lithium-ion microbatteries (LiBs) with high-energy density. The high cost of production is an issue restraining th...
A through-mask electrochemical micromachining process with a foamed cathode (foamed-cathode through-mask electrochemical micromachining (TMEMM)) has recently been proposed involving micro-scale surface microstructures with a high geometric consistenc...
The replacement of copper metal starter-sheet cathodes with the use of permanent cathode technology, in which the target metal is plated onto an inert blank template, has enabled significant benefits in the copper electrowinning process. These includ...
Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it has been extensively studied from the anode and electrolyte point of view over the past decades, studies on nickel contamination at the cathode are limited. In t...
20 May 2022
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) could achieve the removal of antibiotics and generate power in the meantime, a process in which the bacterial community structure played a key role. Previous work has mainly focused on microbes in the anode, while their ro...
Implementation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electricity production requires effective current generation from waste products via robust cathode reduction. Three cathode types using dissolved oxygen cathodes (DOCs), ferricyanide cathodes (FeCs)...
Conditions for electron runaway in a gas diode with a blade cathode providing a strongly inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field in the interelectrode gap have been studied theoretically. It has been demonstrated that the character of electr...
The exponential growth in the production of electric vehicles requires an increasing supply of low-cost, high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The increased production of lithium-ion batteries raises concerns over the availability of raw materials,...
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are attracting increasing attention because of their potential to bridge the electrochemical performance gap between batteries and supercapacitors. However, the commercial application of current LICs is still impeded by...
Zinc-iodine batteries, which have the advantages of low cost, high safety, long lifespan, and high energy density, currently rank as one of the most promising electrical energy storage devices. However, these batteries still face significant challeng...
Rutile FeOF was used as a conversion-type cathode material for Li-ion batteries. In the present study, 0.6Li, 1.4Li, and 2.7Li per mole lithiation reactions were carried out by changing the electrochemical discharge reaction depth. The thermal charac...
This review article is the continuation of a previous publication, by the same author, on one dimensional theory of space charge effect and virtual cathode. The virtual cathode is known to be unstable. However, the process of virtual cathode oscillat...
Li-rich layered oxides utilizing reversible oxygen redox are promising cathodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, they exhibit different electrochemical profiles before and after oxygen redox activation. Therefore, advanced char...
SITAEL is active in the field of electric propulsion and is involved in the development of different thruster technologies—mainly Hall thrusters (HTs)—of power levels ranging from 100 W up to 20 kW. Low-power HTs are the most effective ch...
Driven by the increasing plea for greener transportation and efficient integration of renewable energy sources, Ni-rich metal layered oxides, namely NMC, Li [Ni1−x−yCoyMnz] O2 (x + y ≤ 0.4), and NCA, Li [Ni1−x−yCoxAly] O2,...
Recent designs have allowed hollow cathode gas plasma sources to be adopted for use in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition with the benefit of lower oxygen contamination for non-oxide films (a brief review of this is provided). From a design pers...
This review article is the third of a three-article introductory series on virtual cathode oscillators. The first article has laid the theoretical ground for understanding the physical properties of the virtual cathode, and the second article has pro...
Due to a high energy density and satisfactory longevity, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in the fields of consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Cathodes, an essential part of LIBs, greatly determine the energy density and...
Field emission (FE) cold-cathodes have some important characteristics, including instant turn-on, room temperature operation, miniaturization, low power consumption, and nonlinearity. As emitters, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a high field enhancem...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the cornerstone of EV technology due to their exceptional energy density. The selection of cathode materials is a decisive factor in LIB technology, profoundly influencing performance, energy density, and lifespan....
The objective of this project is to take into account the mechanical constraints formed by diffusion of hydrogen or tritium in watertight palladium alloy cathode. To know the origin of these, it was necessary to discriminating the damaging effects en...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show significant advantages in the development of cold cathode X-ray tubes due to their excellent field emission performance; however, there are still some problems, such as short lifetime and the low emission current of large...
Cathode formulation, which describes the amount of cathode active material (CAM), conductive additives (CAs), and binder within a cathode compound, is decisive for the performance metrics of lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells. The direct measurement of...
Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) materials have been adopted in a range of applications, including electric vehicles. The recycled NMC material from a spent cell would be much more valuable if it could be upgraded to a Ni-rich, more energy...
Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation provides numerous advantages such as high combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency, potentially long-term material stability, and the use of low-cost materials. However, due to the slugg...
In this work, a Spindt cold cathode electron gun with a PPM (periodic permanent magnet) focusing system for a terahertz TWT (traveling wave tube) was designed and simulated based on the Pierce electron gun structure. More specifically, a new 3D (thre...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are constructed from small organic molecules through reversible covalent bonds, and are therefore considered a special type of polymer. Small organic molecules are divided into nodes and connectors based on their ro...
Sodium expansion plays an important role in cathode deterioration during aluminum electrolysis. In this work, the sodium expansion of semigraphitic cathode material has been measured at various cathodic current densities using a modified Rapoport app...
The physical properties of porous silicon (PSi) can be adjusted to provide a better performance in optoelectronic devices. A controlled method commonly used to fabricate PSi is the anodization process, which employs platinum as a conventional cathode...
Using sodium metal in sodium-oxygen batteries with aprotic electrolyte enables achieving a very high theoretical energy density. However, the promised values for energy density and capacity are not met in practical studies yet due to poor utilization...
Rational design of new and cost-effective advanced batteries for the intended scale of application is concurrent with cathode materials development. Foundational knowledge of cathode materials’ processing–structure–properties–...
In the manufacturing process of lithium-ion batteries, the current organic solvent-based processes will inevitably be replaced with eco-friendly water-based processes. For this purpose, the current organic-soluble binder should be replaced with a wat...
Organic materials have emerged as promising candidates for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, offering unique properties and advantages over traditional inorganic counterparts. This review investigates the use of organic...
A comprehensive mathematical model of the performance of the cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with syngas fuel is presented. The model couples the intricate interdependency between the ionic conduction, electronic conduction, gas trans...
Increasing current density is one of the main methods for improving the productivity of copper electrorefining. However, in the conventional bottom-inlet/top-outlet mode, an increase in current density leads to a deterioration of the surface quality...
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