Search Results (82)

Additively manufactured cellular architectures frequently exhibit brittle failure under impact due to layer-induced stress concentrations. Through the programming of architectural and material design, specifically combining Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) lattice topology with hyperelastic polyurea infiltration, this study achieves active control over the macroscopic transition from catastrophic structural fragmentation to stable progressive collapse. To evaluate this, auxetic and honeycomb specimens printed with ABS and glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide (PA-GF) were evaluated in unreinforced and polyurea-infiltrated states under quasi-static compression, three-point bending, and Charpy impact loading. Results show that the compressive response depends primarily on cellular topology; the pure auxetic (A-A) configuration provided the highest stiffness and energy absorption. Polyurea infiltration did not significantly alter elastic stiffness but increased post-yield stability, leading to a 96.6% elastic recovery in PA-GF A-A structures. In flexure, the base polymer governed stiffness, with ABS structures measuring 68% stiffer than PA-GF. Unreinforced ABS achieved 34% higher specific energy absorption (SEA) than PA-GF under compression, with the A-H topology maximizing SEA. Under dynamic impact, PA-GF absorbed an average of 70% more energy than ABS, and the H-A configuration recorded the highest impact resistance. The addition of polyurea shifted the failure mode from brittle fragmentation to stable elastomeric deformation, increasing absorbed impact energy by 52% for ABS and over 30% for PA-GF, preventing catastrophic structural failure. Integrating topological sequencing with elastomeric confinement provides a direct method to control energy dissipation and damage tolerance in 3D-printed cellular composites. Full article

Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that has caused repeated epidemics across Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, posing a severe and growing threat to public health and livestock. Infection in ruminants causes high neonatal mortality and catastrophic abortion storms; human disease ranges from self-limiting febrile illness to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and permanent blindness. No licensed human vaccines or specific antiviral therapeutics are available, creating an urgent unmet medical need. Methods: We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature on RVFV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), extracting and synthesizing data on antibody sources, epitope specificity, in vitro neutralizing potency, in vivo protective efficacy, and molecular mechanisms of action. Results: A growing body of work has identified potent NAbs from immunized rodents, rabbits, alpacas, non-human primates, and convalescent patients. These NAbs predominantly target the Gn and Gc envelope glycoproteins. Their mechanisms include blocking host receptor (LRP1) binding, preventing the pH-dependent conformational rearrangement of the Gn–Gc complex, and directly inhibiting viral membrane fusion. Lead candidates, such as RVFV-268 and RVFV-140, achieve sub-nanogram neutralization and confer robust protection in rodent models against lethal challenge, aerosol exposure, and vertical transmission. Bispecific antibodies and combination strategies further enhance potency and the genetic barrier to viral escape. Conclusions: Substantial progress has illuminated the epitope landscape and neutralization mechanisms of RVFV, yielding promising clinical candidates. Translational challenges remain, including viral immune escape, antibody thermostability, and the need for rigorous preclinical evaluation. Future efforts should prioritize structure-guided engineering, rational antibody combinations, and testing in clinically predictive animal models. Full article

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating in safety-critical missions require effective anomaly detection methods to identify propulsion-system faults before they cause catastrophic failures. However, current vibration-based diagnostic models typically rely on datasets representing only discrete, isolated fault states, and do not capture the continuous structural degradation that occurs during real flight operations. To address this gap, this study proposes a severity-ordered vibration data augmentation framework for anomaly detection in rotary-wing UAV propulsion systems. Controlled experiments were conducted under healthy, tape-induced imbalance, scratch, and cut propeller conditions using stepped throttle excitation from 10% to 100% in 10% increments, with 40 s per level. A severity-ordered arrangement strategy based on throttle level and a robust peak-to-peak severity metric generated approximately 7.5 h of augmented vibration data per axis, representing a continuous degradation trajectory. Three-axis continuous wavelet transform (CWT) scalograms of size $48\times 96\times 3$ were used to train an unsupervised anomaly detection framework. Comparative experiments with Isolation Forest, One-Class SVM, and LSTM–AE demonstrated that the proposed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)–Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU)–State-Space Model (SSM)–Autoencoder (AE) architecture achieved the best performance, reaching 0.9959 precision, 0.4428 recall, 0.6131 F1-score, and 0.9284 Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC). The ablation study further showed that incorporating temporal modeling and state-space dynamics improves detection robustness compared with CNN–AE and CNN–BiGRU–AE baselines. These results show that combining severity-ordered augmentation with deep temporal learning improves progressive propulsion anomaly detection in UAV vibration monitoring. This work introduces a methodology that connects rotor dynamics principles with deep learning, providing a continuous degradation manifold that improves early-stage detection and condition monitoring of UAV propulsion systems. Full article

Background/Objectives: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is frequently characterized by notably elevated Ki-67 expression, a hallmark of uncontrolled rapid cell-cycle progression. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, leading to limited therapeutic options. Methods: In this study, hub gene was identified through integrated bioinformatic analysis of public datasets (TCGA-BRCA and METABRIC). Subsequent functional validation was performed both in vitro and in vivo using siRNA-mediated knockdown and small-molecule inhibitors. Phenotypic effects—including cell viability, cell cycle distribution, DNA synthesis, and clonogenic survival—were comprehensively assessed using MTT assays, flow cytometry, EdU, and colony formation assays. Protein-level changes were confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). To dissect the transcriptional regulation of the key hub gene TTK, we first predicted potential upstream transcription factors using the JASPAR database; binding specificity was then validated through in silico motif analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR). Results: The mitotic kinase TTK is significantly overexpressed in TNBC compared with non-TNBC breast cancers. Notably, TTK overexpression exhibited a strong positive correlation with elevated Ki-67 indices and reduced overall survival in TNBC patients. Functional validation demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TTK effectively induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and potently suppressed TNBC proliferation in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo xenograft models. Mechanistically, TTK overexpression stems from enhanced transcriptional initiation driven by the transcription factor NFYA binding to the CCAAT box in the TTK promoter—an interaction newly identified here. Concurrently, TTK blockade disrupted spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling via BUB1B/MAD1L1 downregulation, triggering mitotic arrest and catastrophe. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings establish TTK as a key cell-cycle regulator driving TNBC proliferation. More importantly, targeting mitotic control through TTK inhibition represents an efficient strategy to impede the aberrantly fast cell cycle progression in TNBC. Full article

As one of the most catastrophic geological hazards globally, landslides exhibit heightened risks due to their increasing frequency, destructive potential, and extensive spatial distribution. The primary objective of this study is to develop an integrated analytical framework to quantitatively evaluate the stability of variably shaped slopes under rainfall infiltration. The core hypothesis is that slope curvature significantly alters infiltration behavior and stress distribution, leading to morphology-dependent failure mechanisms. Employing Green-Ampt infiltration theory coupled with limit equilibrium analysis, we establish stability prediction models for three fundamental slope geometries (linear, concave, convex) under contrasting rainfall regimes (high-intensity vs. low-intensity precipitation). The derived analytical solutions reveal two critical phenomena: (1) progressive downward migration of the saturation front maintaining parallelism with slope surfaces during infiltration and (2) time-dependent stability deterioration following hyperbolic decay patterns. The proposed models are rigorously validated through numerical simulations employing finite element methods, which demonstrate remarkable congruence with theoretical predictions, showing safety factor discrepancies below 5% (ΔFs < 0.05). Particularly, concave slopes exhibit 18–22% faster destabilization rates compared to convex counterparts under equivalent rainfall conditions. The validated models elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution of matric suction and pore pressure distributions, providing quantitative insights into morphology-dependent failure thresholds. These findings advance predictive capabilities for rainfall-induced landslides through physics-based stability criteria, offering critical guidance for terrain-specific early warning systems and mitigation strategies in geohazard-prone regions. Full article

Most existing deep learning models for remote sensing scene classification (RSSC) adopt an offline learning paradigm, where all classes are jointly optimized on fixed-class datasets. In dynamic real-world scenarios with streaming data and emerging classes, such paradigms are inherently prone to catastrophic forgetting when models are incrementally trained on new data. Recently, a growing number of class-incremental learning (CIL) methods have been proposed to tackle these issues, some of which achieve promising performance by rehearsing training data from previous tasks. However, implementing such strategy in real-world scenarios is often challenging, as the requirement to store historical data frequently conflicts with strict memory constraints and data privacy protocols. To address these challenges, we propose a novel memory-efficient feature-replay CIL framework (FR-CIL) for RSSC that retains compact feature embeddings, rather than raw images, as exemplars for previously learned classes. Specifically, a progressive multi-scale feature enhancement (PMFE) module is proposed to alleviate representation ambiguity. It adopts a progressive construction scheme to enable fine-grained and interactive feature enhancement, thereby improving the model’s representation capability for remote sensing scenes. Then, a specialized feature calibration network (FCN) is trained in a transductive learning paradigm with manifold consistency regularization to adapt stored feature descriptors to the updated feature space, thereby effectively compensating for feature space drift and enabling a unified classifier. Following feature calibration, a bias rectification (BR) strategy is employed to mitigate prediction bias by exclusively optimizing the classifier on a balanced exemplar set. As a result, this memory-efficient CIL framework not only addresses data privacy concerns but also mitigates representation drift and classifier bias. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. Notably, FR-CIL outperforms the leading state-of-the-art CIL methods in mean accuracy by margins of 3.75%, 3.09%, and 2.82% on the six-task AID, seven-task RSI-CB256, and nine-task NWPU-45 datasets, respectively. At the same time, it reduces memory storage requirements by over 94.7%, highlighting its strong potential for real-world RSSC applications under strict memory constraints. Full article

In many densely populated towns and semi-urban areas, masonry buildings often stand close to busy roads, exposing them to blasts from improvised explosives or other localized sources. Such structures are rarely designed to resist sudden explosive forces, making severe damage or even progressive collapse likely. Even moderate-intensity blasts can weaken walls, endanger occupants, and cause significant property loss. Unlike reinforced concrete, masonry is highly susceptible to explosive impact. Therefore, understanding how these buildings behave under blast loads and developing affordable protection methods is crucial. Low-rise unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, usually up to about 13 m in height (roughly 2–4 stories), common in villages, semi-urban regions, and conflict-prone zones, are particularly at risk. In many areas, these poorly constructed buildings lack proper engineering design and are therefore highly vulnerable to blast damage. Non-load-bearing internal dividers and perimeter enclosures are especially prone to lateral displacement, which can initiate instability and, in severe cases, lead to overall structural failure. This research focuses on reducing catastrophic damage in URM walls when exposed to close-proximity blast forces using concrete-based protective coatings, both with and without embedded steel-welded wire mesh. The study references a previously tested laterally supported clay brick wall built with cement–sand mortar as the baseline model, with its behavior validated against experimental findings from existing literature. Two blast cases were considered corresponding to scaled stand-off distances of 2.19 m/kg^1/3 and 1.83 m/kg^1/3, representing moderate flexural-shear cracking and full structural failure, respectively. To replicate the observed behavior, a comprehensive 3D numerical simulation was developed using the ABAQUS/Explicit 2020 solver. The model’s predictions were benchmarked and verified through comparison with reported test data. While both blast intensities were used to confirm computational accuracy, the effectiveness of UHPC and UHPFRC protective coatings with and without embedded wire mesh was specifically evaluated under the more severe collapse scenario (Z = 1.83 m/kg^1/3). Results indicated that at a scaled distance of 1.83 m/kg^1/3, the uncoated URM wall could not withstand the blast because of poor tensile and bending capacity. In contrast, the UHPC- and UHPFRC-coatings provided improved confinement and better stress distribution. When welded wire mesh was embedded, crack control improved further, the interface bond strengthened, and a larger portion of blast energy was absorbed and dissipated. Full article

Background: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, mainly due to aggressive metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Snake venom metalloproteinases (svMPs), particularly the P-I class, are promising sources for novel antitumor agents. Objectives: This study investigated the impacts of BthMP, a P-I svMPs from Bothrops moojeni venom, on human lung carcinoma (A549) cells in comparison to non-cancerous human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Methods and Results: BthMP demonstrated potent and selective anti-cancer activity. It significantly inhibited key metastatic processes in A549 cells, including adhesion, migration, and invasion, while suppressing long-term proliferation, as shown by reduced colony formation and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Mechanistically, BthMP induced a massive increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by over 2000% and elevated nitric oxide (NO) by 35% in A549 cells, driving a state of lethal oxidative stress. Crucially, these cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects were minimal in BEAS-2B cells; BthMP even suppressed basal ROS and NO levels in this non-cancerous line. The anti-migratory effects of BthMP were completely dependent on its zinc-based catalytic activity, as they were abolished by pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. By simultaneously disrupting cell–matrix interactions and inducing selective, catastrophic oxidative stress in cancer cells, BthMP presents a dual-pronged anti-metastatic mechanism. Conclusions: These findings establish BthMP as a promising therapeutic scaffold for developing novel treatments against lung cancer progression. Full article

Background and Aim: Low back pain (LBP) represents an important public health issue, with approximately 20% of acute cases progressing to chronic low back pain (CLBP). In addition to pain, patients with CLBP also suffer from reduced cognitive performance, depressive symptoms and catastrophic thoughts. Central sensitization (CS) is considered a key point in pain persistence. This study examines CS and its impact on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning in patients with CLBP. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 67 patients with CLBP were classified using the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) into groups with (WCS, n = 32) and without central sensitization (WoCS, n = 35). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), emotional functioning using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and behavioral functioning using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), including helplessness, rumination, and magnification domains. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-group comparisons were performed using Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, or Welch’s t-tests. Multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age and gender were conducted. Results: Compared with the WoCS group, patients with central sensitization were older (median 58 vs. 50 years, p = 0.001) and more frequently female (71.9% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.018). The WCS group showed higher PCS total scores (31.8 ± 14.2 vs. 16.0 ± 11.9), higher helplessness (14.3 ± 6.1 vs. 6.9 ± 5.5), rumination (12.7 ± 6.2 vs. 7.0 ± 4.8), and magnification scores (4.8 ± 2.4 vs. 2.1 ± 2.1), higher CES-D scores (26.3 ± 10.4 vs. 11.7 ± 7.2), and lower MoCA scores (23.6 ± 3.0 vs. 26.1 ± 2.1) (all p < 0.001). All associations remained significant after adjustment for age and gender. Conclusions: Central sensitization in CLBP is independently associated with greater pain catastrophizing across all domains, increased depressive symptoms, and reduced cognitive performance, supporting its role as a multidimensional clinical phenotype. Full article

Background: Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant aortopathy characterized by aggressive aneurysm formation and arterial dissections. Pregnancy-related outcomes and timing of LDS diagnosis remain poorly characterized. Methods: Demographics, genetic, obstetric, and vascular data was collected from genetically or clinically confirmed individuals with LDS seen at the three Mayo Clinic sites from 2018 to 2025. Aneurysm progression, new aneurysm formation, and arterial dissections were recorded across all vascular beds. Vascular events were assessed during pregnancy, within 12 months postpartum, and during breastfeeding. Comparative analyses were performed between women with and without a history of pregnancy, and a single-arm descriptive analysis was conducted among patients who experienced vascular complications during the peripartum period. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, while categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact tests. Results: Of 47 women with LDS, 24 had a history of pregnancy, accounting for 54 pregnancies. In the comparative analysis, age at LDS diagnosis differed significantly between women with and without a prior pregnancy: women without prior pregnancy were diagnosed at a younger age (median 23.5 years [IQR 10.8–41.0], n = 23) than those who had been pregnant (median 53.5 years [IQR 43.0–59.3], n = 24). Among pregnant women, the median age at first pregnancy was 28 years (IQR 23–34); only 4 (16.7%) knew their diagnosis before pregnancy. Of 54 pregnancies, 40 (74.1%) resulted in live birth, with 23 (57.5%) vaginal and 17 (42.5%) cesarean deliveries; preterm delivery occurred in 1 (2.5%) pregnancy, and postpartum hemorrhage in 2 (5.0%). No maternal deaths, aortic dissections, or uterine ruptures occurred during gestation or the first postpartum year. In addition, 14 women (58.3%) developed aneurysms, 6 (25.0%) experienced at least one arterial dissection, and 7 (29.2%) required surgical repair, predominantly involving the ascending and abdominal aorta. The prevalence of vascular complications did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: In this LDS cohort, pregnancy and the early postpartum period were not accompanied by acute aortic catastrophes, despite frequent diagnostic delay. Although women without prior pregnancy were diagnosed at a younger age, the overall burden of vascular and morphologic complications did not differ significantly by pregnancy history. These findings highlight the importance of long-term cardiovascular follow-up in women with LDS. Full article

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether surface wear, identified through the superimposition of intraoral scans (IOS), can predict subsurface damage progression detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) during fatigue testing of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite crowns. Methods: Monolithic CAD/CAM composite crowns (Brilliant Crios; $n=8$) were adhesively luted to standardized prepared human teeth and artificially aged by cyclic loading in a mouth-motion simulator (50–500 N, 2 Hz, 37 °C). Under phantom-head condition, IOS (surface wear) and handheld swept-source (SS)-OCT (subsurface damage) were performed before loading and after every 250,000 cycles. OCT crack depth/width were normalized to local thickness and cusp-tip distance; correspondence between IOS- and OCT-derived metrics at each timepoint was assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ($\rho$) to test whether surface wear can predict subsurface damage under the given conditions. Results: All specimens survived without catastrophic failure, and both modalities revealed progressive damage from the earliest observation interval. OCT consistently showed higher defect percentages and larger dispersion (e.g., mean vertical defects (25.47 ± 4.97)% OCT vs. (4.36 ± 0.91)% IOS at T1 and (66.79 ± 19.53)% OCT vs. (7.78 ± 3.19)% IOS at T5). Across all timepoints, no statistically significant associations between IOS and OCT were observed (p = 0.146 to 0.955). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this exploratory, single-material in vitro study, restricted to a CAD/CAM composite (Brilliant Crios), surface-based monitoring alone did not reliably reflect subsurface damage progression. Clinically, this suggests that surface wear assessment may underestimate subsurface fatigue damage. Intraoral OCT may provide complementary, non-invasive information alongside routine IOS for individualized monitoring, but its added value needs to be confirmed in larger studies and other CAD/CAM composite materials and additional restorative material classes. Full article

Achieving high reliability remains the critical challenge for pulsed power supplies (PPS), whose core components are susceptible to severe degradation and catastrophic failure due to long-term operation under electrical, thermal and magnetic stresses, particularly those associated with high voltage and high current. This reliability challenge fundamentally limits the widespread deployment of PPSs in defense and industrial applications. This article provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the reliability challenges and recent technological progress concerning PPSs, focusing on three hierarchical levels: component, system integration, and extreme operating environments. The review investigates the underlying failure mechanisms, degradation characteristics, and structural optimization of key components, such as energy storage capacitors and power switches. Furthermore, it elaborates on advanced system-level techniques, including novel thermal management topologies, jitter control methods for multi-module synchronization, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) source suppression and coupling path optimization. The primary conclusion is that achieving long-term, high-frequency operation depends on multi-physics field modeling and robust, integrated design approaches at all three levels. In summary, this review outlines important research directions for future advancements and offers technical guidance to help speed up the development of next-generation PPS systems characterized by high power density, frequent repetition, and outstanding reliability. Full article

Background: In malignant pleural mesothelioma, epithelioid histology is traditionally considered a favorable prognostic marker. However, it remains clinically undetermined whether the intensity of an oncogenic insult can disrupt this link. Radiation-induced cases serve as an unconfounded biological model to dissect such trajectories masked by asbestos confounding. Methods: We performed an Individual Patient Data (IPD) synthesis of 20 strictly asbestos-unexposed human cases, applying clinically established dose stratification (intermediate: 20–45 Gy vs. high: >45 Gy). To confirm the observed pattern, we examined data from 829 dogs in the Colorado State University (CSU) Beagle Study. Results: In the intermediate-dose group (n = 13), a significant positive correlation persisted between age at radiotherapy and the latent period (ρ = 0.567, p = 0.043). Conversely, high-dose exposure (>45 Gy) showed a disruption of this age-dependent pattern, with a trend toward inverse correlation (ρ = −0.754, p = 0.084). Interaction analysis confirmed a statistically significant divergence between these dose-dependent trends (p = 0.005). The CSU Beagle Study (n = 829) demonstrated the physical basis of this phenomenon: in the canine model, high-dose exposure (≥0.74 Gy) triggered a “Step-Jump” in cumulative incidence (30.4% at 0.5 years), indicating instantaneous carcinogenic onset distinct from cumulative biological aging. Conclusions: This kinetic divergence points to a “Diagnostic Trap.” We propose a ‘Single- to Double-Brake’ framework where intermediate doses preserve age-dependent progression, whereas high doses likely trigger catastrophic genomic failure (chromothripsis) that bypasses the time required for morphological dedifferentiation. Consequently, morphologically indolent epithelioid tumors in high-dose survivors may harbor aggressive molecular profiles not predicted by histology alone, necessitating risk-stratified precision surveillance. Full article

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most psychologically demanding injuries in professional sport. This study aimed to describe a structured psychological intervention conducted during the rehabilitation process following an ACL rupture in a professional female futsal player. Methods: A single-case longitudinal design was implemented with three phases (pre-test, intervention, post-test) across a 12-month rehabilitation period. Psychological assessment was conducted at four key points: initial evaluation, rehabilitation follow-up, medical discharge, and three- and six-month follow-ups. The battery included perfectionism (FMPS), anxiety (STAI), depression (BDI-II), mental health indicators (DASS-21, GHQ-12), sleep quality (PSQI), pain perception and catastrophizing (VAS, PCS), mood states (POMS), psychological readiness for return to play (PRIA-RS), and perceived intervention effectiveness. The program consisted of 15 individual sessions plus a follow-up, combining cognitive–behavioral therapy principles, mindfulness-based techniques (relaxation, body scan, visualization), cognitive restructuring, sleep hygiene, goal setting, problem-solving, and emotional expression strategies. Results: Progressive and sustained improvements were observed in mood states and pain catastrophizing, along with enhanced sleep quality, psychological readiness, and reintegration into competition. Improved overall mental health indicators were also observed, supporting adherence to rehabilitation and return-to-play confidence. Conclusions: This case highlights the relevance of structured psychological intervention as an integral component of injury rehabilitation in professional athletes with ACL rupture, supporting its inclusion in multidisciplinary care and future research to optimize recovery and prevent maladaptive outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Mediator (MED) complex is an essential regulator of RNA polymerase II transcription. There is increasing evidence that pathogenic variants in several MED subunits are the cause of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental phenotypes, collectively referred to as “MEDopathies”. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the genetic basis, clinical manifestations, and neuroradiological features of MED-related disorders. Methods: We undertook a narrative synthesis of the literature focusing on the MED subunits most commonly associated with neurological disorders, including MED1, MED8, MED11, MED12/MED12L, MED13/MED13L, MED14, MED17, MED20, MED23, MED25, MED27, and CDK8. Sources included peer-reviewed genetic, clinical, and imaging studies, supplemented by relevant case reports and cohort analyses. In addition, representative facial phenotypes associated with selected MED variants (MED11, MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED25) were visualized for educational purposes using artificial intelligence-based image generation derived from standardized clinical descriptors. Results: All MEDopathies show converging clinical patterns: global developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, speech disorders, and behavioral comorbidity. Non-neurological involvement, such as craniofacial or cardiac anomalies, is subunit-specific. Neuroradiological features include callosal abnormalities (agenesis, thinning, dysmorphia), delayed or hypomyelination, progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, basal ganglia signaling changes, pontine hypoplasia, and, in MED27 deficiency, a “hot cross bun” sign. Gene-specific constellations emphasize catastrophic infantile progression (MED11), X-linked syndromes with callosal defects (MED12/MED12L), language-dominant phenotypes (MED13), and syndromic intellectual disability with systemic features (MED13L). Conclusions: The growing spectrum of MEDopathies argues for their recognition as a unified nosological group with overlapping clinical and radiological signatures. Characteristic MRI constellations may serve as diagnostic clues and guide targeted molecular testing. Future directions include longitudinal imaging to describe disease progression and the integration of genomic data with curated clinical radiological datasets to refine genotype-phenotype correlations. Full article