Search Results (271)

In today’s fast-paced and evolving job market, salary continues to play a critical role in career decision-making. The ability to accurately classify job titles and predict corresponding salary ranges is increasingly vital for organizations seeking to attract and retain top talent. This paper proposes a novel approach, the Hybrid Bayesian Model (HBM), which combines Bayesian classification with advanced regression techniques to jointly address job title identification and salary prediction. HBM is designed to capture the inherent complexity and variability of real-world job market data. The model was evaluated against established machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), and multinomial naïve Bayes classifiers. Experimental results show that HBM outperforms these benchmarks, achieving 99.80% accuracy, 99.85% precision, 100% recall, and an F1 score of 98.8%. These findings highlight the potential of hybrid ML frameworks to improve labor market analytics and support data-driven decision-making in global recruitment strategies. Consequently, the suggested HBM algorithm provides high accuracy and handles the dual tasks of job title classification and salary estimation in a symmetric way. It does this by learning from class structures and mirrored decision limits in feature space. Full article

The sustainable integration of technology into educational practices is pivotal for modern teaching and learning. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study explores the psychological and contextual factors that influence technology acceptance among pre-service and in-service teachers. Employing a nonexperimental, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 347 participants to examine the relationships between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward use, behavioural intention, and actual system use. Results indicate that pre-service teachers demonstrate stronger openness to technology adoption, driven primarily by attitudinal factors, whereas in-service teachers’ acceptance is more closely linked to perceived utility and usability. This study advances the TAM by integrating a dual serial mediation model and testing the moderating role of professional status, thereby offering a nuanced understanding of sustainable digital engagement across career stages. Our findings underscore the importance of fostering positive perceptions and providing differentiated support throughout teachers’ professional trajectories to achieve long-term, meaningful technology adoption in education. Full article

Gender inequality remains a persistent challenge in academia, shaping career trajectories and access to critical resources. Research funding plays a central role in academic advancement, yet studies of gender disparities often overlook how patterns vary across disciplines and stages of the grant process. This study analyzes gender differences in both the submission and allocation phases using administrative data from four national Israeli funding agencies, covering nearly 5000 applications submitted over two years (2017–2018). It examines two key dimensions within both stages—PI gender and grant amount—and disaggregates results across 12 academic fields. The findings indicate isolated, rather than systematic, gender inequalities, with disparities appearing more frequently in STEM fields but remaining limited overall. The results underscore the importance of field-specific analysis for understanding gender inequality and suggest that targeted interventions, rather than uniform policies, are needed to promote gender equity in research funding. Full article

In the context of the construction industry in Chile, the presence of women has historically been limited—i.e., approximately 12% of participation. Despite efforts to increase female participation in recent years, various barriers persist that hinder their development in construction. To leverage the existing challenges faced by women in the Chilean construction industry, interviews were conducted with industry professionals, and a qualitative analysis was performed to identify existing challenges in Chile and recommendations to deal with such challenges. We found that existing challenges can be classified into three professional development stages: entering the sector, retention, and advancement in women’s professional careers. The results reveal that women working in the construction industry face biases and stereotypes that negatively impact their recognition and professional advancement. Furthermore, women were much more aware of challenges compared to men, for instance, entrenched machismo in the workplace, the social burden associated with motherhood, and their effects on women within this industry. Ultimately, this is a construction sector problem and not a problem with the women in the industry; thus, we all need to participate in the solution to this problem, men and women alike. Full article

This study examines the availability and outcomes of Advanced Placement (AP) courses in secondary schools in Georgia (USA) and South Carolina (USA), focusing on how school locale (rurality) and demographic composition influence AP availability and student achievement. The authors analyzed population-level school data from the 2021–22 academic year using a two-step quantitative approach. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model (ZINB) was employed to assess AP course participation and AP exam performance while addressing overdispersion and excess zeros in the data. Key predictors included school locale (rural versus nonrural), state (Georgia versus South Carolina), and minoritized-majority status. This study finds that rural schools and those where minoritized students make up the majority (i.e., fewer than 50% White students) are significantly less likely to offer AP courses or have any students participate in AP exams. Moreover, these schools had a significantly lower success rate; for example, rural schools were 59% less likely to have students with scores above three. The findings indicate that gaps in access to advanced curriculum may exacerbate existing college and career readiness disparities. Moreover, this study confirms that previous research using sampled datasets underestimates the disparity of AP access. Full article

Electrochemical water splitting is an efficient and eco-friendly method for hydrogen production, offering a sustainable energy solution. Currently, the noble metal platinum is considered to be the most efficient catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs). Due to the scarcity and high cost of noble metal materials, there is an urgent need to find abundant and cost-effective non-noble metal catalysts to reduce the overpotential of HERs. In recent years, significant scientific advancements have been reported in non-noble metal HER catalysts. This review categorizes and reviews the recent non-noble metal HER catalysts and their reaction mechanisms. An exhaustive overview of proven effective catalyst categories is provided, offering early-career researchers a panoramic understanding of this dynamic research field. Finally, we address current challenges and future directions in this field to encourage further research efforts and the development of non-noble metal catalysts. Full article

Amid structural changes driven by the greening and digital transformation of the maritime industry, the demand for career transitions of seafarers with onboard experience to shore-based positions—particularly ship superintendents—is steadily increasing. However, the current lack of a systematic education and career development framework to support such transitions poses a critical challenge for shipping companies seeking to secure sustainable human resources. The aim of this study was to develop a competency-based training program that facilitates the effective transition of seafarers to shore-based ship superintendent roles. We integrated a developing a curriculum (DACUM) analysis with competency-based job analysis to achieve this aim. The core competencies required for ship superintendent duties were identified through three expert consultations. In addition, social network analysis (SNA) was used to quantitatively assess the structure and priority of the training content. The analysis revealed that convergent competencies, such as digital technology literacy, responsiveness to environmental regulations, multicultural organizational management, and interpretation of global maritime regulations, are essential for a successful career shift. Based on these findings, a modular training curriculum comprising both common foundational courses and specialized advanced modules tailored to job categories was designed. The proposed curriculum integrated theoretical instruction, practical training, and reflective learning to enhance both applied understanding and onsite implementation capabilities. Furthermore, the concept of a Seafarer Success Support Platform was proposed to support a lifecycle-based career development pathway that enables rotational mobility between sea and shore positions. This digital learning platform was designed to offer personalized success pathways aligned with the career stages and competency needs of maritime personnel. Its cyclical structure, comprising career transition, competency development, field application, and performance evaluation, enables seamless career integration between shipboard- and shore-based roles. Therefore, the platform has the potential to evolve into a practical educational model that integrates training, career development, and policies. This study contributes to maritime human resource development by integrating the DACUM method with a competency-based framework and applying social network analysis (SNA) to quantitatively prioritize training content. It further proposes the Seafarer Success Support Platform as an innovative model to support structured career transitions from shipboard roles to shore-based supervisory positions. Full article

Self-realization, a multifaceted concept, has long been a subject of interest in the scientific literature. Given its profound impact on overall well-being and work-related satisfaction, the development of instruments capturing its complexity assumes significant relevance. Therefore, this study presents the development and validation of the META—Measurement for Evolution, Transformation, and Autorealization, a self-report measure designed to assess the propensity for self-realization. The study involved a sample of 634 participants, who completed a survey comprising the META, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Insight Orientation Scale, and 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The analyses confirmed the statistical solidity of the three hypothesized sections; Part A (Evolutionary Thrust), including Sense of life, Spirit of service, Self-Authorizing, Self-Centering, and Internal Drive for Realization; Part B (Transformative Adaptation), including Propensity for transformation, Distress to change, Adaptability, and Fullness of the Experience; Part C (Work Attitude), including Social Service and Care, Administrative and Office Works, Entrepreneurship, Customer Service and Hospitality, and Manual activities. Factor analyses supported the structural validity of the three hypothesized sections of the META, and all subscales showed good to excellent internal consistency. Significant correlations between the META dimensions/subdimensions and self-realization or well-being outcomes also emerged. The META showed excellent psychometric properties and may be used in various fields, promoting advancements in research and practices supporting well-being and personal fulfilment. Full article

Gender inequality remains a persistent issue in healthcare, especially in ophthalmology, where women face systemic barriers such as pay gaps, limited surgical opportunities, harassment, and unequal family expectations. Despite increasing entry into the field, women remain underrepresented in leadership, affecting career advancement and patient care. This study examines how virtual platforms, and co-led initiatives can address gender disparities in eye health. In 2021, Women in Ophthalmology, Seva Foundation, and Orbis International launched the Women’s Leaders in Eye Health (WLEH) initiative—a global community promoting mentorship, networking, and leadership development. Starting with virtual webinars and informal networking, the initiative expanded to in-person events in 2023 due to strong global engagement and demand. Early virtual programming, including webinars and “Coffee Hour” sessions, proved effective and laid the groundwork for broader offerings such as mentorship and professional development grants. WLEH’s success underscores the power of collaboration in promoting gender equity. By fostering connections and leadership pathways, WLEH offers a scalable model to break down gender challenges and uplift the next generation of women leaders to deliver more accessible eyecare globally. Full article

Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) play a pivotal role in supporting and advancing the educational mission of universities globally. They are fundamental to a university’s instructional workforce and their roles are critical to the undergraduate student experience. This study examines the experiences and perceptions of GTAs (n = 74) at an R2 institution in the Midwest, U.S. Survey results reveal that the majority of surveyed GTAs have been at the institution for at least one year, teach in face-to-face formats with classes typically ranging from 12 to 30, and allocate 11–20 h/week to their instructional duties, although 30% of respondents report >20 h/week. Survey respondents reported a need for more teaching-focused onboarding, discipline-specific training, and more opportunities for feedback on their teaching practices, while almost 50% reported never engaging with discipline-based education research (DBER) literature. Although departmental and institutional training programs were acknowledged, so too was the perception of their lack of accessibility or relevance. Potential strategies for supporting GTAs, particularly early in their careers, include shadowing opportunities, sustained formal classroom management, and pedagogical training that includes an introduction to (and discussion of) the DBER literature, and a reduced teaching load in the first semester. Universities should prioritize and design GTA professional development using a cognitive apprenticeship framework. This would invest in the undergraduate student experience and directly support an institution’s educational mission. It is also highly effective in preparing highly skilled graduates to enter an increasingly connected global workforce and could positively contribute to an engaged alumni base. Full article

Aim: This article explores the contributing factors to the decline in the number of auditors globally and aims to provide the consequences and possible recommendations. Auditors play a critical role in ensuring transparency, trust, and credibility of financial statements. However, the profession is experiencing a decline across the globe. The decrease in the number of registered auditors has become a pressing issue, raising concerns about the future of the assurance industry’s ability to maintain the number of registered auditors and continue providing assurance services to public and private entities or companies. Methodology: A scoping-review methodology was adopted to analyse the existing literature on the global decline in the number of auditors. This approach utilises research evidence to identify trends, challenges, and opportunities within the audit profession. Relevant studies were sourced from databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, as well as the grey literature. Main findings: This study identifies a combination of factors driving the decline of auditors globally. Economic pressures, such as cost reduction initiatives and outsourcing, have impacted the demand for traditional auditing services. Complex regulatory requirements have increased barriers to entry, while technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence, are disrupting traditional auditing roles. Additionally, the profession suffers from negative perceptions regarding workload, remuneration, and work–life balance, discouraging new entrants. Practical implications: The findings emphasise the urgent need for the auditing profession to adapt to evolving challenges. Stakeholders, including regulatory bodies and professional organisations, must address issues such as technological integration, career development pathways, and regulatory simplification. Enhanced public awareness campaigns and training initiatives are critical to attracting and retaining professional talent. Contribution: This study contributes to the limited body of knowledge on the global decline of auditors by creating a broad spectrum of evidence. It highlights actionable strategies to address the profession’s challenges and provides a foundation for future research on sustaining the relevance of auditors in a dynamic global economy. Full article

Disparities in the participation of individuals from historically excluded groups in science careers persist, particularly at advanced career stages. In response to this challenge, the National Institutes of Health developed the BUilding Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative, aimed at undergraduate institutions to examine evidence-based strategies to engage and retain students across science-related fields. In this longitudinal study, we used propensity score matching and mixed-effects logistic regression models to examine the effects of BUILD on undergraduates’ intentions to pursue science-related research careers. The results indicate that students who participated in BUILD are four times more likely to pursue a science-related research career in comparison to their non-BUILD counterparts. We also discuss and present the need to incorporate research training and mentorship to promote a diverse scientific workforce. Full article

The construction industry is perceived as an industry that is not viable for females to progress their careers in. Existing research studies focused on retaining senior female construction professionals are lacking. Particularly, the existing challenges and strategies found through a critical literature review were scattered and not specific to the retention of senior construction professionals. Identifying this gap, this study led to an empirical research phase to gather the firsthand experiences of 14 senior female professionals in Australia through semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, the gathered data was analysed through content analysis using NVivo software (2020). This study revealed several barriers, which were categorised into three clusters: culture in construction, disrupted career progression, and difficult working conditions. The results revealed that some barriers were consistent with the broader literature findings, while some were interesting context-specific barriers such as a lack of recognition and respect, a lack of confidence in decision-making, misalignment of childcare and construction hours, and lack of on-site feeding facilities. Similarly, the strategies were also discussed under three categories: to support females to adapt in construction, support them in their return to work from leave, and increase flexible work. Finally, recommendations were provided for individuals, organisations, and the industry to retain female employees in construction. Theoretically, this study advances understanding by identifying barriers and retention strategies specific to senior female construction professionals, framing retention as a multi-level challenge, while practically, the findings inform targeted policies to address gaps in the Australian context and improve gender equity. Full article

This study explores gender perceptions and equity challenges within the maritime cruise industry, focusing specifically on crew experiences aboard European Union-flagged vessels. The research aims to evaluate the extent to which gender diversity, equality, and inclusion are perceived, practiced, and institutionalized onboard. A structured Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) survey was administered to the crew members across various departments and ranks, investigating perceptions of discrimination, career advancement, workplace safety, and the implementation of gender-sensitive policies. Results indicate persistent gender disparities, particularly in areas such as promotion opportunities, emotional burden, and reporting of harassment. While overall attitudes toward diversity appeared positive, a significant proportion of female respondents reported experiencing bias, isolation, and unequal treatment despite possessing equivalent qualifications. Statistical analysis, including Chi-square tests and Exploratory Factor Analysis, identified three dominant perception dimensions: structural bias, emotional strain, and safety concerns. A notable gap emerged between institutional policies and actual behaviours or trust in enforcement mechanisms. The authors contribute to the field by designing a context-specific KAP instrument, applying robust statistical methodologies, and offering actionable recommendations to maritime organizations. These include enhancing reporting systems, improving mentorship opportunities, and institutionalizing training on unconscious bias. This study provides empirical evidence to support policy reforms and cultural shifts aimed at fostering gender-inclusive environments onboard maritime cruise vessels. Full article

Background/Objectives: Primary prevention, germline, familial, or other pre- or post-diagnostic and standard treatment-elevated progression or recurrence risk and mitigating adverse events from systemic treatment are all clinical opportunities to reduce the risk of lethal prostate cancer. This review attempted to provide a practical and realistic consensus via an international committee of experts who, in general, harbor career-long experience in this discipline. Methods: A PubMed review primarily utilizing the latest meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and methodologically robust epidemiologic recent data adjusting for multiple confounding variables was conducted. The goal of this committee was to highlight tangible options for clinicians and patients. Results: Behavioral patterns and metrics known to reduce cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and all-cause mortality (premature death) appear to prevent numerous lethal common cancers, including prostate cancer. This practical approach allows for the greatest probability of patient success since cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in men with and without prostate cancer, and a notable source of morbidity and mortality in men with advanced disease due to systemic conventional treatment as well as the inflammatory contribution of cancer itself. Heart-healthy dietary patterns, exercise, healthy weight/waist circumference, eliminating tobacco, minimizing alcohol exposure, and other behaviors to reduce the risk of CVD should be prioritized. CVD-preventive medications, including aspirin, GLP-1 agonists, metformin, statins, etc., should receive attention to improve compliance for those that already qualify for these agents and to increase the probability of enhancing the quality and quantity of life. Dietary supplements do not have favorable data currently to espouse their utilization to prevent lethal prostate cancer but may have an ancillary role in mitigating some adverse effects of treatment. Conclusions: Remarkably, heart-healthy lifestyle changes, metrics, and promising repurposed medications known to reduce cardiovascular events, promote longevity, and improve mental health could simultaneously prevent lethal prostate cancer. This serendipitous association provides clinicians and their patients a higher probability of success, regardless of their prostate cancer pathway or circumstance. Full article