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Search Results (234)

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18 pages, 2433 KiB  
Article
Effect of Preharvest Aluminum-Coated Paper Bagging on Postharvest Quality, Storability, and Browning Behavior of ‘Afrata Volou’ Quince
by Triantafyllia Georgoudaki, Persefoni Maletsika and George D. Nanos
Horticulturae 2025, 11(8), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11080881 - 30 Jul 2025
Abstract
As consumer preferences tend toward safer, chemical residue-free, and nutritionally rich fruits, preharvest bagging has gained attention as a sustainable method for improving fruit quality and protecting produce from environmental and biological stressors and pesticide residues. This study assessed the impact of preharvest [...] Read more.
As consumer preferences tend toward safer, chemical residue-free, and nutritionally rich fruits, preharvest bagging has gained attention as a sustainable method for improving fruit quality and protecting produce from environmental and biological stressors and pesticide residues. This study assessed the impact of preharvest bagging using paper bags with inner aluminum coating on the physicochemical traits, storability, and browning susceptibility after cutting or bruising of ‘Afrata Volou’ quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) fruit grown in central Greece. Fruits were either bagged or left unbagged approximately 60 days before harvest, and evaluations were conducted at harvest and after three months of cold storage, plus two days of shelf-life. Fruit bagging reduced the quince’s flesh temperature on the tree crown. Bagging had minor effects on fruit and nutritional quality, except for more yellow skin and higher titratable acidity (TA). Also, at harvest, bagging did not significantly affect fruit flesh browning after cutting or bruising. After three months of storage, unbagged and bagged quince fruit developed more yellow skin color, without significant alterations in most quality characteristics and nutritional value, but increased total tannin content (TTC). After three months of storage, the quince flesh color determined immediately after cutting or bruising was brighter and more yellowish compared to that at harvest, due to continuation of fruit ripening, but it darkened faster with time after cutting or skin removal. Therefore, fruit bagging appears to be a sustainable practice for improving the aesthetic and some chemical quality characteristics of quince, particularly after storage, without negative impacts on other characteristics such as texture and phenolic content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tree Crop Cultivation and Fruit Quality Assessment)
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15 pages, 882 KiB  
Article
Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Physiology and Quality of ‘Meizao’ Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)
by Jianchao Cui, Xiaohui Jia, Wenhui Wang, Liying Fan, Wenshi Zhao, Limin He and Haijiao Xu
Agronomy 2025, 15(8), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081774 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 343
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is becoming increasingly popular in China, but its postharvest quality deteriorates significantly during harvest storage and transport. Here, we investigated the efficiency of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on the quality and physiology of ‘Meizao’ sweet [...] Read more.
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is becoming increasingly popular in China, but its postharvest quality deteriorates significantly during harvest storage and transport. Here, we investigated the efficiency of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on the quality and physiology of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry during 60 days of cold storage (0 ± 0.5 °C). Fruits were sealed in four types of MAP low-density polyethylene (LDPE) liners (PE20, PE30, PE40, and PE50), with unsealed 20 μm LDPE packaging bags used as the control. Our findings demonstrated that PE30 packaging established an optimal gas composition (7.0~7.7% O2 and 3.6~3.9% CO2) that effectively preserved ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry quality. It maintained the fruit color, firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C (Vc) content while simultaneously delaying deteriorative processes such as weight loss, pedicel browning, and fruit decay. These results indicate that PE30 was the most suitable treatment for preserving the quality of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherries during cold storage. Furthermore, physiological research showed that significant inhibition of respiration rate was achieved by PE30, accompanied by maintained activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and SOD), which consequently led to reduced accumulations of ethanol and malondialdehyde (MDA) during cold storage. To date, no systematic studies have investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of ‘Meizao’ to different thickness-dependent LDPE-MAP conditions. These observations highlight the power of the optimized PE30 packaging as an effective method for extending the fruit storage life, delaying postharvest senescence, and maintaining fruit quality of ‘Meizao’ sweet cherry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Horticultural and Floricultural Crops)
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14 pages, 870 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Packaging Effects on the Phenolic Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oil During Storage Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
by Mohamed M. Abuhabib, Francesc M. Campins-Machado, Julián Lozano-Castellón, Antònia Ninot, Agustí Romero-Aroca, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós, Maria Pérez and Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
Foods 2025, 14(14), 2532; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14142532 - 19 Jul 2025
Viewed by 376
Abstract
The health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), including improved cardiovascular health and metabolic function, are linked to its phenolic content. This study evaluated how storage duration and packaging affect the phenolic composition and sensory quality of Corbella EVOO. Oils were analyzed [...] Read more.
The health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), including improved cardiovascular health and metabolic function, are linked to its phenolic content. This study evaluated how storage duration and packaging affect the phenolic composition and sensory quality of Corbella EVOO. Oils were analyzed at production and after 6 and 12 months of storage in two types of packaging: bag-in-box; stainless steel containers with a nitrogen headspace. UPLC-MS/MS profiling quantified 23 phenolic compounds, predominantly secoiridoids such as oleuropein and ligstroside aglycones. Oleuropein aglycone increased over time, whereas ligstroside aglycone peaked mid-storage before declining, likely converting to oleocanthal. Lignans and flavonoids degraded during storage, although luteolin increased, potentially due to glucoside hydrolysis. Bag-in-box packaging better preserved phenolic content than stainless steel. A sensory analysis corroborated the chemical findings, with oils stored in stainless steel showing greater reductions in pungency and astringency. A Pearson correlation linked bitterness with oleuropein aglycone (r = 0.44) and oleacein (r = 0.66), pungency with oleocanthal (r = 0.81), and astringency with oleacein (r = 0.86) and oleocanthal (r = 0.71). These findings highlight the importance of packaging in preserving the phenolic composition responsible for the sensory qualities of EVOO over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Omics and Chemometrics in Food)
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26 pages, 3750 KiB  
Article
Desiccated Microclimates for Heritage Metals: Refining Procedures for Use of Silica Gel
by Johanna Thunberg, Nicola Emmerson and David Watkinson
Heritage 2025, 8(7), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8070240 - 21 Jun 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
Desiccated microclimates offer an effective method of managing safe storage of archaeological metals. They utilise simple hardware that can produce low relative humidity (RH) environments on a small scale to control post-excavation change in objects. Previous studies have highlighted the complexity of decision-making [...] Read more.
Desiccated microclimates offer an effective method of managing safe storage of archaeological metals. They utilise simple hardware that can produce low relative humidity (RH) environments on a small scale to control post-excavation change in objects. Previous studies have highlighted the complexity of decision-making when setting up desiccated microclimates involving many factors that can impact on their performance. These include the design of the container used to house the microclimate, the ambient external atmosphere, the target internal RH, the amount of silica gel used and its regeneration schedule. This paper builds on that understanding by replicating reported sector-wide variations in how silica gel is used within desiccated microclimates. The desiccation efficacy, rate of change in RH and response to short-term fluctuations have been examined by monitoring the RH in polypropylene containers when silica gel is used loose, in polythene bags and Tyvek® bags. The effect of variables in the use of polythene bags to hold silica gel, including the distribution of bags and the number and size of holes in bags has also been investigated. Results indicate that these variables impact rates of change in RH and how effective the desiccated microclimate is at buffering external RH fluctuations. All tests reinforce the importance of airflow between the silica gel and the microclimate. Where airflow is restricted, the ability of the microclimate to desiccate the environment below lowest known corrosion thresholds (15% RH) is compromised. The practical implications of the results have been discussed to support decision-making and guidance is offered on best practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microclimate in Heritage)
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27 pages, 4397 KiB  
Article
Designing Age-Friendly Paved Open Spaces: Key Green Infrastructure Features for Promoting Seniors’ Physical Activity
by Wei Dong, Shuangyu Zhang, Jiayi Lin, Yue Wang, Xingyue Xue and Guangkui Wang
Land 2025, 14(6), 1271; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14061271 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Urban parks, key components of green infrastructure (GI), offer paved open spaces that significantly impact physical activity (PA) among older adults. However, the environmental features of these spaces and their effects on PA remain underexplored. Existing studies often overlook factors like spatial configuration, [...] Read more.
Urban parks, key components of green infrastructure (GI), offer paved open spaces that significantly impact physical activity (PA) among older adults. However, the environmental features of these spaces and their effects on PA remain underexplored. Existing studies often overlook factors like spatial configuration, planar morphology, and bag storage facilities, and lack a systematic analytical framework. Many also rely on simplistic PA measurements and struggle with multicollinearity in data analysis. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a comprehensive framework examining four environmental dimensions: spatial configuration, planar morphology, facility provision, and visual greenery. Using GPS-tracked mobility data, behavioral audits, and multicollinearity-robust Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, we analyze the impact of these features on PA. Results show that functional elements—higher spatial integration (VIP = 1.04), larger activity areas (VIP = 1.82), sufficient bag storage (VIP = 1.64), outdoor fitness equipment (VIP = 1.30), and diverse greenery (VIP = 1.23)—significantly enhance PA. In contrast, factors like floral diversity (VIP = 0.67), water visibility (VIP = 0.48), and shape complexity (VIP = 0.16) have minimal effects. This study provides theoretical insights and practical strategies for retrofitting paved park spaces, contributing to age-friendly urban GI. Full article
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22 pages, 13360 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Antimicrobial Packaging Covered with Coatings Containing Carvacrol or Geraniol with the Addition of Zinc Oxide on the Quality of Sliced Plant-Based Sausages
by Małgorzata Mizielińska, Marcelina Tarnowska and Wojciech Jankowski
Coatings 2025, 15(5), 576; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050576 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
The aim of this work was to estimate the impact of polypropylene (BOPP) films with active coatings applied on their surface on the quality of sliced, plant-based meat analogue (PBMA) sausages. The coatings contained zinc oxide nanoparticles and geraniol (AG) or zinc oxide [...] Read more.
The aim of this work was to estimate the impact of polypropylene (BOPP) films with active coatings applied on their surface on the quality of sliced, plant-based meat analogue (PBMA) sausages. The coatings contained zinc oxide nanoparticles and geraniol (AG) or zinc oxide and carvacrol (AC) as active compounds. The outcomes of the study indicated that the total microbial count of ready-to-eat, sliced PBMAs bought from a local store was high, confirming that the plant-based sausage must have been contaminated during slicing. It was shown that BOPP bags and spacers covered with the AG layer reduced the number of mesophilic bacteria in sliced plant-based sausages stored for 96 h, proving that this packaging material maintained the microbial quality of PBMA samples. It has to be underlined that neither S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella sp. nor coliform bacteria were detected in the plant sausage samples after 48 h and 96 h of storage in the BOPP packaging covered with the AG and AC coatings, confirming that these slices were acceptable for consumption. However, the textural analysis showed that bags coated with the AC layer were the best bags for 96 h of storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Coatings and Films for Food Packing and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2897 KiB  
Article
Extending the Shelf-Life of Live Clams, Venerupis corrugata—Important Aspects of Current Packaging and Advances in Modified Atmosphere Packaging
by Cintia Borghetti Goes, Susana Teixeira, Cristina Mena, Fátima Silva, Andreia Cruz, Inês Basílio, Maria Conceição Hogg, Morten Sivertsvik, Paula Teixeira and Fátima Poças
Foods 2025, 14(9), 1629; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091629 - 5 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 784
Abstract
Venerupis corrugata (pullet carpet shell) is a premium native clam species in Portugal. This species is highly perishable, typically sold live within 3 or 4 days, posing a significant risk of loss. Therefore, efforts to extend its shelf-life are relevant. The impact of [...] Read more.
Venerupis corrugata (pullet carpet shell) is a premium native clam species in Portugal. This species is highly perishable, typically sold live within 3 or 4 days, posing a significant risk of loss. Therefore, efforts to extend its shelf-life are relevant. The impact of the storage temperature (3, 5, 8 and 12 °C) on clams in plastic net bags and the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were investigated. The survival percentage and microbiological and chemical parameters were evaluated, as well as sensory characteristics. The survival percentage and sensory aspects results indicate that the longest time with 95% live clams was observed at 5 °C and 8 °C, but lower temperatures (3 and 5 °C) have lower death rates after the threshold. In the MAP tests, the clams were kept closed due to confinement in plastic trays applying a vacuum, before gas flushing that drew the lid film over the clams. However, a negative effect of CO2 was observed for clams, with lower survival when packaged in 30% CO2. The shelf-life increased by only 1–2 days under >70% O2 with no CO2. These results show that this species is very sensitive, and MAP is not commercially effective for this application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Packaging and Preservation)
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20 pages, 3071 KiB  
Article
A Keyframe Extraction Method for Assembly Line Operation Videos Based on Optical Flow Estimation and ORB Features
by Xiaoyu Gao, Hua Xiang, Tongxi Wang, Wei Zhan, Mengxue Xie, Lingxuan Zhang and Muyu Lin
Sensors 2025, 25(9), 2677; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092677 - 23 Apr 2025
Viewed by 887
Abstract
In modern manufacturing, cameras are widely used to record the full workflow of assembly line workers, enabling video-based operational analysis and management. However, these recordings are often excessively long, leading to high storage demands and inefficient processing. Existing keyframe extraction methods typically apply [...] Read more.
In modern manufacturing, cameras are widely used to record the full workflow of assembly line workers, enabling video-based operational analysis and management. However, these recordings are often excessively long, leading to high storage demands and inefficient processing. Existing keyframe extraction methods typically apply uniform strategies across all frames, which are ineffective in detecting subtle movements. To address this, we propose a keyframe extraction method tailored for assembly line videos, combining optical flow estimation with ORB-based visual features. Our approach adapts extraction strategies to actions with different motion amplitudes. Each video frame is first encoded into a feature vector using the ORB algorithm and a bag-of-visual-words model. Optical flow is then calculated using the DIS algorithm, allowing frames to be categorized by motion intensity. Adjacent frames within the same category are grouped, and the appropriate number of clusters, k, is determined based on the group’s characteristics. Keyframes are finally selected via k-means++ clustering within each group. The experimental results show that our method achieves a recall rate of 85.2%, with over 90% recall for actions involving minimal movement. Moreover, the method processes an average of 274 frames per second. These results highlight the method’s effectiveness in identifying subtle actions, reducing redundant content, and delivering high accuracy with efficient performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sensing and Imaging)
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17 pages, 18636 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Manufacturing of Lightweight Hybrid Nanocomposites for Electric Vehicle Battery Enclosures
by Umar Farooq, Valentina Bertana, Giulia Mossotti, Sergio Ferrero and Luciano Scaltrito
Polymers 2025, 17(8), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17081056 - 14 Apr 2025
Viewed by 575
Abstract
Nanocomposite laminates containing carbon fibers, epoxy, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a vacuum bag process. Ecofriendly ionic liquid (5 wt%)-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (pristine and nickel-coated) were added to the epoxy independently, in amounts ranging from 1 wt% to 3 wt%, [...] Read more.
Nanocomposite laminates containing carbon fibers, epoxy, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a vacuum bag process. Ecofriendly ionic liquid (5 wt%)-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (pristine and nickel-coated) were added to the epoxy independently, in amounts ranging from 1 wt% to 3 wt%, in order to tailor the mechanical, electrical, and thermal performance of manufactured carbon fiber epoxy composite laminates. These nanocomposite laminates were later characterized through flexural testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, impedance spectroscopy, thermal conductivity tests, and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate their suitability for battery pack applications. The findings showed that both types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes exhibited multifaceted effects on the properties of bulk hybrid carbon fiber epoxy nanocomposite laminates. For instance, the flexural strength of the composites containing 3.0 wt% of ionic liquid-treated pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes reached 802.8 MPa, the flexural modulus was 88.21 GPa, and the storage modulus was 18.2 GPa, while the loss modulus peaked at 1.76 GPa. The thermal conductivity of the composites ranged from 0.38869 W/(m · K) to 0.69772 W/(m · K), and the electrical resistance decreased significantly with the addition of MWCNTs, reaching a minimum of 29.89 Ω for CFRPIP-1.5 wt%. The structural performance of hybrid nanocomposites containing ionic liquid-treated pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes was higher than that of the hybrid nanocomposite of ionic liquid-treated Ni-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, although the latter was found to possess better functional performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymer Applied in Batteries and Capacitors)
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13 pages, 5967 KiB  
Article
Ultrasonic Spray Coating of Carbon Fibers for Composite Cathodes in Structural Batteries
by Thomas Burns, Liliana DeLatte, Gabriela Roman-Martinez, Kyra Glassey, Paul Ziehl, Monirosadat Sadati, Ralph E. White and Paul T. Coman
Electrochem 2025, 6(2), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem6020013 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 987
Abstract
Structural batteries, also known as “massless batteries”, integrate energy storage directly into load-bearing materials, offering a transformative alternative to traditional Li-ion batteries. Unlike conventional systems that serve only as energy storage devices, structural batteries replace passive structural components, reducing overall weight while providing [...] Read more.
Structural batteries, also known as “massless batteries”, integrate energy storage directly into load-bearing materials, offering a transformative alternative to traditional Li-ion batteries. Unlike conventional systems that serve only as energy storage devices, structural batteries replace passive structural components, reducing overall weight while providing mechanical reinforcement. However, achieving uniform and efficient coatings of active materials on carbon fibers remains a major challenge, limiting their scalability and electrochemical performance. This study investigates ultrasonic spray coating as a precise and scalable technique for fabricating composite cathodes in structural batteries. Using a computer-controlled ultrasonic nozzle, this method ensures uniform deposition with minimal material waste while maintaining the mechanical integrity of carbon fibers. Compared to traditional techniques such as electrophoretic deposition, vacuum bag hot plate processing, and dip-coating, ultrasonic spray coating achieved superior coating consistency and reproducibility. Electrochemical testing revealed a specific capacity of 100 mAh/gLFP with 80% retention for more than 350 cycles at 0.5 C, demonstrating its potential as a viable coating solution. While structural batteries are not yet commercially viable, these findings represent a step toward their practical implementation. Further research and optimization will be essential in advancing this technology for next-generation aerospace and transportation applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Electrochemistry)
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11 pages, 1432 KiB  
Article
Scaling Oxygen Scavengers in Hermetic Bags for Improved Grain Storage
by Wenbo Li and Dieudonne Baributsa
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 2865; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072865 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 434
Abstract
The phasing out of most chemicals has created a demand for alternative methods to preserve grain quality and market value. Hermetic storage offers a chemical-free solution for pest control by creating an airtight environment that naturally leads to insect death. Adding oxygen scavengers [...] Read more.
The phasing out of most chemicals has created a demand for alternative methods to preserve grain quality and market value. Hermetic storage offers a chemical-free solution for pest control by creating an airtight environment that naturally leads to insect death. Adding oxygen scavengers can further enhance hermetic storage by accelerating oxygen depletion. However, no study has examined scaling hand warmers in hermetic storage bags used by large grain handlers and farmers. We evaluated the effects of 1, 2, or 3 hand warmers in 25-kg PICS bags and 2, 4, or 6 hand warmers in 50-kg PICS bags on oxygen consumption and grain quality. We hypothesized that doubling the number of hand warmers used in 25-kg to 50-kg PICS bags would maintain the same rate of oxygen reduction. Oxygen levels decreased as the number of hand warmers increased. Additionally, oxygen concentrations in 25-kg PICS bags with 1, 2, or 3 hand warmers closely mirrored those of 2, 4, or 6 hand warmers in 50-kg PICS bags, respectively. Using 2 or 3 hand warmers in 25-kg PICS bags and 4 or 6 hand warmers in 50-kg PICS bags reduced oxygen concentrations below the 5% threshold for pest suppression within 12 h and maintained it for at least 8 days. While a slight rise in relative humidity was observed with more hand warmers, this did not negatively affect seed moisture content or germination rates. Doubling hand warmers along with the bag size from 25 to 50 kg produced similar oxygen depletion rates. These findings are helpful for large grain handlers and farmers who use 50-kg hermetic bags to store seeds or specialty crops to maintain quality. Hermetic bags combined with hand warmers promote sustainability by reducing chemical usage and minimizing food and nutrient losses. Full article
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11 pages, 3000 KiB  
Article
Temperature Dynamics of Porcine and Human Lungs During Static Ice Storage: Ice Is Not 4 °C
by Ismail Cenik, Jan Van Slambrouck, Annalisa Barbarossa, Xin Jin, An-Lies Provoost, Pratik Patel, Lucas Churchill, Ben Bulka, John Haney and Laurens J. Ceulemans
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(6), 2127; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062127 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 509
Abstract
Background: Static ice storage (SIS) has long been accepted as the conventional lung preservation method, assuming to maintain 4 °C temperature. Although never directly confirmed by temperature measurements, this assumption has been widely accepted. We aimed to measure lung and preservation temperature [...] Read more.
Background: Static ice storage (SIS) has long been accepted as the conventional lung preservation method, assuming to maintain 4 °C temperature. Although never directly confirmed by temperature measurements, this assumption has been widely accepted. We aimed to measure lung and preservation temperature with SIS in porcine experiments and clinical observations. Methods: Porcine lungs were preserved with SIS for 8 h (group I, n = 3) and 3 h followed by 10 °C storage (group II, n = 3). Tissue (tissueT°), first bag preservation solution (psT°) and second bag saline (salineT°) temperature were monitored. In clinical lungs (n = 4), psT° was monitored during SIS. Surface (surfaceT°) and core (coreT°) temperature were assessed before and after SIS (n = 62). Results: After 4 h in porcine lung group I, average tissueT° was 0.66 °C, psT° was 0.12 °C and salineT° was −0.02 °C. After 3 h in group II, average tissueT° was 1.90 °C, psT° was 0.57 °C and salineT° was 2.33 °C. In clinical observations, psT° was below 4 °C after 9–13 min and 0 °C after 78–267 min. After SIS, median surfaceT° was 1.25 °C (min-max; −3.2–9.2 °C) and coreT° was 1.45 °C (−0.4–4.8 °C). Conclusions: SIS leads to rapid temperature drops below 4 °C, approaching 0 °C within 2–4 h. The post-SIS lung temperature shows considerable variability and does not consistently remain at the commonly assumed 4 °C, posing potential freezing injury to donor lungs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lung Transplantation: Current Progress and Future Directions)
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32 pages, 1286 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Fuzzy Record-Matching Similarity Metric and Optimal Q-Gram Filter
by Ondřej Rozinek, Jaroslav Marek, Jan Panuš and Jan Mareš
Algorithms 2025, 18(3), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18030150 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1024
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an advanced Fuzzy Record Similarity Metric (FRMS) that improves approximate record matching and models human perception of record similarity. The FRMS utilizes a newly developed similarity space with favorable properties combined with a metric space, employing a bag-of-words [...] Read more.
In this paper, we introduce an advanced Fuzzy Record Similarity Metric (FRMS) that improves approximate record matching and models human perception of record similarity. The FRMS utilizes a newly developed similarity space with favorable properties combined with a metric space, employing a bag-of-words model with general applications in text mining and cluster analysis. To optimize the FRMS, we propose a two-stage method for approximate string matching and search that outperforms baseline methods in terms of average time complexity and F measure on various datasets. In the first stage, we construct an optimal Q-gram count filter as an optimal lower bound for fuzzy token similarities such as FRMS. The approximated Q-gram count filter achieves a high accuracy rate, filtering over 99% of dissimilar records, with a constant time complexity of O(1). In the second stage, FRMS runs for a polynomial time of approximately O(n4) and models human perception of record similarity by maximum weight matching in a bipartite graph. The FRMS architecture has widespread applications in structured document storage such as databases and has already been commercialized by one of the largest IT companies. As a side result, we explain the behavior of the singularity of the Q-gram filter and the advantages of a padding extension. Overall, our method provides a more accurate and efficient approach to approximate string matching and search with real-time runtime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity Theory)
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14 pages, 810 KiB  
Article
Granulometry and Functional Properties of Yuca Flour (Yucca decipiens Trel.) for Food Purposes
by Selena R. Martínez-Betancourt, Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez, Gerardo Loera-Alvarado, Víctor M. Ruiz-Vera, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Concepción López-Padilla and Dalia Abigail García-Flores
Polysaccharides 2025, 6(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides6010016 - 27 Feb 2025
Viewed by 806
Abstract
Mexican yuca (Yucca decipiens Trel.) is native to the semi-desert region of north-central Mexico. Based on its medicinal uses, the flour produced from its leaves and stems was evaluated to determine new food uses. The flour was characterized based on granulometry, rheology, [...] Read more.
Mexican yuca (Yucca decipiens Trel.) is native to the semi-desert region of north-central Mexico. Based on its medicinal uses, the flour produced from its leaves and stems was evaluated to determine new food uses. The flour was characterized based on granulometry, rheology, texture and functional properties, which were analyzed with the RStudio software. The results indicate that the Water Absorption Index (WAI) of yuca flour (0.11 mL g−1) is similar to that of wheat flour (0.56 mL g−1). However, the Fat Absorption Index (FAI) of yuca flour (0.40 mL g−1) is significantly lower than that of Saltillo Pinto bean flour (1.55 mL g−1). This suggests that yuca exhibits hydrophilic behavior comparable to that of wheat flour and requires less oil in potential formulations. The expansion capacity of yuca flour is similar to that of wheat flour, demonstrating a gluten-like behavior ideal for food applications that require this structural component. The flour also exhibited notable foaming properties, high stability and low fat content, highlighting its food potential. Fermentation matched the parameters of the Cereal & Grains Association’s physicochemical test methods 56–60; consequently, yuca flours are classified as the same as those produced from soft, weak wheat, supporting their use for fermentation processes. Internal friction values (0.85–0.92) suggest limited flow; however, its high density shows fine granulometry that facilitates the bagging, handling and storage of the flour, complying with the Mexican standards. Full article
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16 pages, 8655 KiB  
Article
Agronomic Strategies to Manipulate Kiwifruit Calcium Content to Understand Its Role in Fruit Physiology
by Elena Baldi, Moreno Toselli, Alessandro Bonora, Alexandra Boini, Maurizio Quartieri, Margherita Germani, Greta Polidori and Luca Corelli Grappadelli
Horticulturae 2025, 11(3), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11030237 - 23 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 666
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important nutrients involved in fruit quality and storability; therefore, its application in fruit trees is often used in pre- and post-harvest. The aims of this study were to manipulate soil Ca, K, and N availability, photosynthetic [...] Read more.
Calcium (Ca) is one of the most important nutrients involved in fruit quality and storability; therefore, its application in fruit trees is often used in pre- and post-harvest. The aims of this study were to manipulate soil Ca, K, and N availability, photosynthetic active radiation, and fruit transpiration rate to understand their implication on fruit Ca accumulation on green-flesh kiwifruit grown in calcareous soil. Our results show that Ca partitioning into the fruit is not affected by the applications of Ca, K, and N, as well as the increase of photosynthetic active radiation. However, the presence of reflective films reduced fruit firmness and increased soluble solid content at harvest and during cold storage, thus enhancing fruit quality. Fruit calcium accumulation is decreased by the reduction of fruit transpiration rate; however, it has the possibility to recover, even close to fruit harvest, when the fruit transpiration is restored. The presence of bags reduced fruit weight from 84 to 63 g even though bags were removed. Our data provide evidence of the inefficiency of calcium fertilization in kiwifruit in calcareous soils and demonstrate the extension of calcium transportation into the fruit, which seems to occur during the entire growing season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Nutrition)
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