Convection forces can cause significant segregation within the liquid during directional solidification, influencing the structure of the mushy zone and the type and distribution of phases present in the solidified alloy. The solidification behavior...
To provide a suitable microstructure and mechanical properties for modified Grade 440A martensitic stainless steel (MSS), which could facilitate the further cold deformation process (e.g., cold rolling), this work used differential scanning calorimet...
This study examines the effect of silicon and manganese addition on the phase composition and electrical properties of Al-Fe alloys using both experimental methods and thermodynamic modeling with the ThermoCalc software package. This research focuses...
Low-carbon, low-alloy steels undergo auto-tempering and carbon partitioning to austenite during quenching to martensite. The microstructures of two such steels quenched at two cooling rates have been evaluated using electron microscopy to characteris...
The high-temperature oxidation behaviour and phase stability of equi-atomic high entropy AlCrCoFeNi alloy (HEA) were studied using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) combined with ThermoCalc thermodynamic calculation. HTXRD analyses r...
This paper utilizes in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behaviour of CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). We found that (1) Mn is the major oxide-forming element in both vacuum and air environments, leading t...
The selection of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), which are relatively lightweight and have unique mechanical properties, remains a substantial challenge. In this study, six new HEAs were designed from the relatively low-cost Fe–Mn–Ni–Cr...
This study comprehensively evaluates the latent heat of hypoeutectic AlSi5Cu alloys with 1, 2, and 4% of Cu by mass, investigating their solidification behavior under controlled cooling conditions. Latent heat, a critical thermophysical property, sig...
Prepared by powder metallurgy process incorporating atomization and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering at six different temperatures from 600 to 1160 °C, borated stainless steel (BSS) containing boron content of 1.86 wt% was studied. The phas...
Lead–Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) is a heavy metal liquid alloy used as a coolant for compact high temperature reactors (CHTRs), fast breeder reactor (FBRs) and as a spallation target for ADS. In spite of many advantages due to its thermophysical propertie...
Grade 91 steel (modified 9Cr-1Mo steel) is considered a prospective material for the Next Generation Nuclear Power Plant for application in reactor pressure vessels at temperatures of up to 650 °C. In this study, heat treatment of Grade 91 steel was...
High Cr white irons with various fractions of primary dendrite have been prepared through the modification of their chemical composition. Increasing C and Cr contents decreased the primary dendrite fraction. Eutectic solidification occurred with the...
The aim of this work is to study the microstructure of four high entropy alloys (HEAs) produced by large scale vacuum die casting. Al40Cu15Mn5Ni5Si20Zn15, Al45Cu15Mn5Fe5Si5Ti5Zn20, Al35Cu5Fe5Mn5Si30V10Zr10, and Al50Ca5Cu5Ni10Si20Ti10 alloys formed a...
The effect of grain size in the range 72 to 190 μm and carbon content in the range 0.105–0.073 wt.% on the intergranular corrosion of the austenitic stainless steel 301 has been investigated. Grain boundary chromium depletion has been studie...
The aim of this manuscript was to study the influence of alloying elements on the phase transformation behavior in advanced high-strength multiphase steels. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) and time–temperature–transformation (TTT)...
The present study aimed to investigate the influence of magnesium (Mg) on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of wrought Al–4Cu–xMg–0.6Ag alloys. The results from Optical Microscope, SEM, XRD analysis, and Thermo-Calc s...
Melting point depressants (MPDs) are required to lower the melting point of filler for brazing. In this study, Zr was used as the MPD, and powder filler was prepared by adjusting the Zr and Mo content referring to Thermo-Calc calculations. The prepar...
Intergranular corrosion is one of the most important processes affecting the behaviour of austenitic stainless steels. Factors such as steel chemical composition, the degree of prior deformation and the exposure temperature affect the degree of sensi...
The structure of FeCoNiCrAl1.8Cu0.5 high-entropy alloys (HEA) obtained by two different routes has been studied. The selection of the composition has followed the Hume–Rothery approach in terms of number of itinerant electrons (e/a) and average atomi...
Aluminum and its alloys are very versatile materials used in a wide range of applications due to the initial characteristics of pure aluminum and the combination of properties obtained from its blend with other elements. Considering that aluminum is...
A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of small boron additions on the solidification and microstructure of hypo-eutectic alloyed grey cast iron. The characteristic temperatures upon crystallisation of the treated metal melt were recorded,...
The design of ladle furnace (LF) refining pathways for weathering steels requires precise control of multi-component steel/slag reactions governed simultaneously by thermodynamics and interfacial mass transfer kinetics. An EERZ-based kinetic modeling...
Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B self-fluxing alloys are commonly used in hardfacing applications; in addition, they are subjected to conditions of wear, corrosion, and high temperatures, but are not used in casting applications. In this work, gravity casting is presen...
The composition of a commercial duplex stainless steel was modified with boron additions (3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 wt.%) and processed by rapid-quenching techniques: Melt-spinning, copper-mold casting, and high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). Spray deposition...
Recently, we reported an antiferromagnetic ground state for equiatomic Al-Cr in the B2 structure. Here, by a joint theoretical–experimental study, we investigate the effect of Co additions to the Al-Cr alloy with the aim to synthesize a ferroma...
In this work, the stabilities of secondary phases, including carbides, brittle phases, and inclusions, were simulated by computational thermodynamics. Calphad strategical optimization is preferable for all steel alloys regarding energy resource consu...
Medium carbon high-silicon abrasion resistant (AR) steel was examined by performing dilatometry, light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness measurements after isothermal bainitization and modified martempering an...
Data generated for the Ti–Al–Cr–V system of metallic alloys from our previous publication, where the composition of 102 alloys were computationally Pareto optimized with the objective of simultaneously maximizing the Young’s m...
The precipitation behavior of M23C6 carbide during thermal treatment of high-Cr white iron with various fractions of primarily solidified dendrite was studied and reviewed. M23C6 precipitation in the primarily solidified dendrite occurred preferentia...
Nd, Pr and Dy are critical raw materials as major components for rare earth permanent magnets (REPM). These are integral for several components placed for example within electric vehicles and wind turbine generators. REE primary production is mainly...
To increase the lifetime of rocket combustion chambers, thermal barrier coatings (TBC) may be applied on the copper chamber wall. Since standard TBC systems used in gas turbines are not suitable for rocket-engine application and fail at the interface...
Heat treatment has a significant impact on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys. The present study presents a first Phase-Field modelling approach on the recrystallisation and grain growth mechanism during annealing. It...
This work studied microstructure evolution during the intercritical treatment of Fe–1.4Si–2.6Mn–0.17C TRIP steel. Steel specimens were heated in the intercritical region, α ferrite and γ austenite phases, at 750 °C f...
In this study, a multi-component FeMnNiCrAlSi high-entropy alloy, chosen through Thermo-Calc® software (2021a, Stockholm, Sweden) calculation and produced by electric arc melting, was studied for phase continents and mechanical properties. The re...
Latent heat is commonly measured using Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) or Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) or calculated using software packages (Thermo-Calc). In this study, the DSC method was used to comprehensively evaluate the accuracy...
Cracks were found at the gate of the 430Cb ferritic stainless steel exhaust system jet base produced by investment casting. In this paper, the cracks of failed stainless steel castings were comprehensively analyzed by means of macroscopic inspection,...
The phase transformations of Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) M4 steel were studied during heat treatments using a CALPHAD-based method. The calculated results were compared with experimental observations. T...
This study aims to develop the mechanical properties of the Al6Si2Cu aluminum alloy through the double-solution treatment. In addition to the Al matrix, large amounts of coarse eutectic Si, Al2Cu intermetallic, and Fe-rich phases were generated throu...
Production of high-quality maraging steel is dependent not only on the production technology but also on the alloying design and heat treatment. In this work, cobalt-free, low nickel, molybdenum-containing maraging steel was produced by melting the r...
In this paper, we report two cases studies where solidification processes were successfully investigated with CALPHAD-based methodologies. The first one refers to the use of thermodynamic databases to describe the solidification processes of a precio...
The liquidus and solidus temperatures, the initial temperature of the solidification of binary eutectics, and the partition ratios of the solid solution at the Al corner of the ternary eutectic-type Al-Si-Cu alloy system were calculated using the the...
Electronic waste (e-waste) offers a sustainable pathway for recovering critical metals, yet its heterogeneous composition complicates the design of advanced alloys. This work applies a computational approach to design multicomponent superalloys from...
In the present work, free-cutting aluminum alloy AA6026 with 1.1 wt.% bismuth addition was fabricated by different melt preparation methods in order to investigate whether the melt preparation route affects the solidification sequence and thus has an...
Interdiffusion of the elements in a diffusion pair consisting of Ti and an equiatomic high-entropy alloy (HEA) TiZrHfNbTaMo in the temperature range of 1473–1673 K has been studied. A calculated results phase diagram of the alloy by Thermo-Calc...
Rapid solidification during metal additive manufacturing (AM) leads to non-equilibrium microsegregation, which can result in the formation of detrimental phases and cracking. Most of the microsegregation models assume a Scheil-type solidification, wh...
We used the Thermo-Calc High Entropy Alloy CALPHAD database to determine the stable phases of AlCrMnNbTiV, AlCrMoNbTiV, AlCrFeTiV and AlCrMnMoTi alloys from 800 to 2800 K. The concentrations of elements were varied from 1–49 atom%. A five- or s...
The work presents the design and fabrication procedures used to manufacture inexpensive iron-base powders employed as a matrix in diamond-impregnated tool components. Three newly developed low alloy steel powders, containing from 94.4 to 99.4 wt.% Fe...
The foaming process is an important part of the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process. It can promote thermal efficiency and reduce refractory consumption. FeO is a key material used during the foaming process. Unlike with other components u...
High chromium cast irons are commonly used as casting infiltration layers in the applications of wear resistance. The formation mechanism of the casting infiltration layer is essential to better develop the surface wear resistance materials using the...
The effects of Cerium (Ce) were studied on the casting slab quality, microstructure, and inclusion evolution of cryogenic vessel steel. An optical metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, and Thermo-cal...
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