Search Results (97)

Corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression creates a permissive environment for opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections (OIPIs), especially in endemic regions where latent or subclinical parasitic carriage is common. Yet, the interplay between corticosteroid exposure, parasitic ecology, and clinical outcomes remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of OIPIs in corticosteroid-treated patients by integrating findings from an original Egyptian case series with a systematic review of published global cases. A dual analytical approach was undertaken, combining newly characterized Egyptian corticosteroid-treated cases (ECS; n = 53) with a systematic review of global corticosteroid-associated parasitic cases (LRCS; 94 cases, 1975–2024). Clinical profiles, corticosteroid regimens, comorbidities, parasitic spectra, and outcomes were analyzed to elucidate risk patterns and pathophysiological mechanisms. Six opportunistic intestinal parasite genera were detected among ECS. The most notable species were Giardia duodenalis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Cryptosporidium spp., while seven were identified globally, with Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium spp. predominating in LRCS. Remarkably, 70% of ECS patients exhibited polyparasitism, harbouring up to five different concurrent species, including both opportunistic and non-opportunistic parasites. Over half of the Egyptian patients were asymptomatic, while nearly one-third displayed extraintestinal manifestations, predominantly respiratory, which may reflect altered clinical presentation under corticosteroid-induced immune modulation. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy (≥1 month) was significantly associated with higher complication rates (p = 0.002) in ECS, and tissue invasion, organ dysfunction, hospitalization, and mortality in LRCS. The compiled LRCS mortality and hospitalization data (34 fatalities, 87 hospitalisations) reflect rare quantitative insight into global OIPI lethality under steroid exposure. This study provides the first integrated clinical and epidemiological synthesis linking corticosteroid exposure to complex parasitic dynamics across endemic and non-endemic settings. It advances the hypothesis that corticosteroids act less as mere infection triggers and more as amplifiers of pre-existing parasitic ecosystems, reshaping host–parasite interactions and facilitating subclinical dissemination. The findings underscore the importance of routine parasitic screening, risk stratification, and longitudinal monitoring before and during corticosteroid therapy, particularly in endemic regions, to ensure long-term patient care and prevent and manage OIPIs. Full article

Background and Objectives: Accurate diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections remains essential for patient management, surveillance, and control programs. The Mini Parasep^® and Mini Parasep^® Solvent-Free (SF) fecal parasite concentrators were developed to improve laboratory safety and simplify stool processing; however, their diagnostic performance has not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity of Mini Parasep^® for detecting intestinal parasites in human stool specimens. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Ovid, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, and Google Scholar from database inception to the final search date. Studies evaluating Mini Parasep^® or Mini Parasep^® SF in human stool samples and reporting sufficient data to calculate diagnostic sensitivity were eligible. A composite reference standard, defined as positivity by any diagnostic method used within each study, was accepted as the reference standard. Pooled sensitivity estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed according to parasite species, study design, geographic region, country, and participant characteristics. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, Mini Parasep^® demonstrated good sensitivity for detecting any intestinal parasitic infection, with a pooled sensitivity of 82.4% (95% CI: 61.0–93.4%, I² = 95.3%, 6 studies). Among pathogenic protozoa, pooled sensitivities were 78.9% (95% CI: 39.3–95.6%, I² = 43.7%, 4 studies) for Entamoeba histolytica, 76.3% (95% CI: 34.8–95.1%, I² = 71.1%, 4 studies) for Giardia duodenalis, and 74.4% (95% CI: 60.4–84.7%, I² = 0%, 2 studies) for Blastocystis spp. Among soil-transmitted helminths, sensitivity was highest for Ascaris lumbricoides (92.8%; 95% CI: 88.4–95.7%, I² = 0%, 2 studies), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (73.7%; 95% CI: 50.2–88.6%, I² = 0%; 3 studies), hookworm (53.6%; 95% CI: 33.3–72.8%, I² = 23.1%, 5 studies), and Trichuris trichiura (39.4%; 95% CI: 8.6–81.8%, I² = 74.8%; 3 studies). High sensitivities were observed for Taenia spp. (89.0%; 95% CI: 74.0–95.8%, I² = 0%; 3 studies) and Schistosoma mansoni (92.8%; 95% CI: 86.9–96.1%, I² = 0%, 2 studies), whereas sensitivity for Opisthorchis viverrini was moderate (56.8%; 95% CI: 35.1–76.1%, I² = 88.8%, 7 studies). High heterogeneity was observed for several parasite-specific analyses. Conclusions: Mini Parasep^® demonstrates good overall diagnostic sensitivity and performs particularly well for A. lumbricoides, S. mansoni, and Taenia spp. However, diagnostic performance varies substantially across parasite species, with lower sensitivity observed for hookworm, T. trichiura, and O. viverrini. Mini Parasep^® represents a practical alternative to conventional concentration techniques for routine stool examination, although complementary diagnostic approaches may be required when detecting low-intensity infections or parasites with lower recovery rates. Full article

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are common in tropical settings and may influence immune regulation, allergic responses, and respiratory health. In children with sickle cell disease (SCD), respiratory morbidity is multifactorial, and the contribution of intestinal parasites remains uncertain. This study assessed whether documented intestinal parasitic infections, particularly helminth infections, were associated with asthma-like respiratory phenotypes and clinical morbidity in children with SCD in French Guiana. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional analysis of children and adolescents younger than 18 years with confirmed SCD who were being followed by the pediatric SCD centers of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Cayenne, and Kourou between January 2022 and December 2025. Clinical, respiratory, and parasitological data were extracted from routine-care medical records. Intestinal parasitic infection was defined as at least one documented stool parasitology result identifying Strongyloides stercoralis, hookworm, or Entamoeba histolytica, according to the variables consistently available in the database. Respiratory outcomes included physician-diagnosed asthma, bronchial obstruction, bronchodilator reversibility, and an asthma-like respiratory phenotype. Results: Among 233 included children, 105 (45.1%) had at least one documented intestinal parasitic infection and 82 (35.2%) had a helminth infection. Hookworm was the most common parasite (75/233, 32.2%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica (33/233, 14.2%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (24/233, 10.3%). An asthma-like respiratory phenotype was observed in 32/105 infected children (30.5%) versus 44/128 non-infected children (34.4%). Bronchial obstruction and bronchodilator reversibility were also similar between groups. After adjustment for age, sex, genotype, hydroxyurea treatment, rural residence, site of follow-up, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure, intestinal parasitic infection was not associated with asthma-like respiratory phenotype (adjusted OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.51–1.72; p = 0.844), recurrent hospitalization, or history of acute chest syndrome. Conclusions: In this routine-care multicenter pediatric SCD cohort from French Guiana, intestinal parasitic infections were common but were not associated with respiratory phenotype or selected morbidity outcomes. Because testing and respiratory assessment were not systematic, these findings should be interpreted as showing that routine parasitological status alone could not identify children with respiratory morbidity. Prospective studies with standardized repeated parasitological, immunological, environmental, and respiratory assessments are needed. Full article

Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease that frequently coexists with Chagas disease (CD) among individuals from Latin America. Serology is increasingly used for the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of strongyloidiasis; however, comparative data on commercially available assays remain limited. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation in a cohort of fifty-five patients with previously treated CD attending a Tropical Medicine Unit in Spain. All patients underwent serological screening for Strongyloides stercoralis using two commercial ELISA assays: the Strongyloides IgG ELISA kit (DRG Instruments GmbH) (DRG) and Anti-Strongyloides ELISA IgG (Euroimmun Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG) (Euroimmun). A composite reference standard defined infection as seropositivity in combination with eosinophil count (>0.5 × 10³ eosinophils per µL) or seropositivity in both assays. Infected individuals received ivermectin and were reassessed one-year post-treatment. Thirty-seven patients (67.3%) met the criteria for strongyloidiasis. Concordance between the assays was substantial (κ = 0.80). According to the composite study definition, both assays identified most patients as infected. At one-year follow-up, significant reductions were observed in DRG and Euroimmun indexes, as well as in eosinophil count (all p < 0.001). Treatment response rates were 83.3% with DRG and 73.3% with Euroimmun. Both ELISA assays showed comparable performance in identifying patients at risk of strongyloidiasis and in monitoring serological response after ivermectin treatment, supporting their usefulness in the management of patients with CD and suspected strongyloidiasis. Routine serological screening should be considered in this high-risk population. Full article

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an increasing health concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Africa, driven by dietary shifts, urbanisation, infections, and limited treatment access. The gut microbiome plays a central role in CRC, while soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) exert complex effects that can promote or mitigate risk depending on species, infection intensity, and host context. This systematic review synthesised 17 human studies (2000–2026) examining helminth impacts on gut microbial diversity, revealing a dualistic pattern. Several studies reported that chronic or moderate helminth infections, such as Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, were associated with increased bacterial richness and the expansion of beneficial taxa, including Paraprevotellaceae, Parabacteroides, Agathobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillus. These taxa are associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), protection of the epithelial barrier, and regulation of the immune system, suggesting a potential buffering effect against inflammation-driven carcinogenesis. On the contrary, other studies demonstrated helminth-associated dysbiosis characterised by reduced diversity and enrichment of pro-inflammatory and oncogenic taxa. T. trichiura and Strongyloides stercoralis infections were associated with the expansion of Treponema succinifaciens, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcus torques, which are linked to reduced gut microbiome diversity, pro-inflammatory states, and oncogenic processes. Furthermore, A. lumbricoides infections altered the host microbiome at the phylum level, with increased Proteobacteria and reduced Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, alongside metabolome shifts in amino acid and lipid pathways that have been associated with tumourigenic processes. Collectively, the evidence shows that helminthiasis may either enrich potentially protective microbes or be associated with pro-tumourigenic dysbiosis, with outcomes shaped by species, infection intensity, and host context. Notably, none of the included studies directly assessed CRC, underscoring the fact that current evidence is indirect and mechanistic. Overall, helminths are associated with gut microbiome shifts in both potentially protective and potentially harmful directions. This systematic synthesis of human evidence provides an integrated understanding of how helminth-associated microbiome shifts may influence colorectal carcinogenesis and highlights the need for longitudinal mechanistic studies to clarify causality and inform biomarker discovery and prevention in endemic regions. Full article

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Sri Lanka has declined from 73.3% in 1954 to <1% in 2017, leading to revised deworming policies and discontinuation of routine deworming in three districts, including Anuradhapura, in 2019. As countries approach elimination, this study assessed human intestinal nematode infection (HINI) prevalence in Anuradhapura, a low-endemic setting, using microscopic and molecular methods. From January to November 2023, 967 primary school children were recruited and screened for HINI using direct smears, Kato–Katz, formalin ether concentration, agar plate culture, scotch tape, and qPCR. Combined microscopy and molecular prevalence was 41.2% for STH and 54.1% for HINI. The most prevalent HINI was Enterobius vermicularis (191, 24.5%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (120, 19.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (113, 18.1%), Trichuris trichiura (40, 6.4%), and hookworm (43, 6.9%). Against the composite reference standard, qPCR demonstrated superior diagnostic performance across all species, achieving sensitivities of 86.7% for Ascaris, 85.0% for Trichuris, and 97.7% for hookworm, consistently exceeding those of microscopy-based methods. Correspondingly, qPCR also identified the highest infection prevalences, detecting Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm infections in 15.7%, 5.4%, and 6.7% of participants, respectively. All infections were low-intensity as determined by Kato–Katz. Microscopy significantly underestimates STH prevalence. In post-deworming settings, integrated surveillance including molecular diagnostics is essential. The high prevalence of S. stercoralis and E. vermicularis highlights the need for expanded surveillance and targeted interventions to support sustainable control. Full article

Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) is an important soil-transmitted helminth that infests over 600 million people worldwide. However, data on its seroprevalence in remote regions, such as Thailand’s island areas, remain limited. This study examined the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG seropositivity among primary school children in Koh Yao, an island in southern Thailand. A total of 351 primary school children (156 males and 195 females) were included. The seroprevalence of anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG was determined using the Strongyloides-specific IgG antibodies ELISA, and risk factor data were collected through a questionnaire. Hematological parameters were also analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between risk factors and anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG seropositivity. The seroprevalence of anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG was 3.7% (13/351 participants). Analysis of the risk factors revealed that participants who drank filtered water exhibited lower odds of anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG seropositivity compared to those who drank tap or rainwater (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.95, p = 0.043). However, due to the small number of seropositive cases, this association is hypothesis-generating and likely serves as a proxy for better household hygiene rather than a direct protective factor. This study is the first report on anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG seropositivity among primary school children in Koh Yao, southern Thailand, demonstrating a low seropositivity rate in this population. These findings provide location-specific information on modifiable risk behaviors, aiding in developing more effective control and prevention strategies for anti-Strongyloides spp. IgG seropositivity in Thailand’s island area. Full article

Background: Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted helminth capable of establishing chronic infection through an autoinfective cycle, with the potential to progress to life-threatening hyperinfection, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 70-year-old man from an endemic region in Colombia with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who developed hyperinfection syndrome following corticosteroid therapy for spinal cord compression. The patient presented with progressive respiratory failure and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Chest imaging showed bilateral ground glass opacities, and bronchoalveolar lavage revealed numerous larvae consistent with S. stercoralis, confirming the diagnosis. Despite supportive care and broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, the patient experienced rapid clinical deterioration and died. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering strongyloidiasis in the differential diagnosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in endemic settings, particularly in patients receiving corticosteroids. Early recognition and timely treatment are essential to reduce the high associated mortality. Preventive strategies, including targeted screening or empiric ivermectin administration prior to immunosuppression, should be considered in high-risk populations. Full article

Background: To address the significant burden of helminthiases in Thailand, this cross-sectional study compared the performance of a fecal parasite concentrator kit (FPCK) against the Kato–Katz (KK) method for diagnosing intestinal parasites in endemic populations across the Northeast and Southern regions. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 140 participants and examined for intestinal parasitic infections using both FPCK and KK methods. Results: The FPCK method demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate of 45.0% compared to 35.0% for the KK method. For detecting liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini), the FPCK method detected significantly more cases than the KK method (10.71% vs. 4.29%) (p = 0.0027). For other parasites such as Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Entamoeba coli, the FPCK method tended to detect more infections, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The FPCK method showed better performance than the KK method for detecting intestinal helminth infections in stool samples, particularly O. viverrini, T. trichiura, S. stercoralis, and Entamoeba coli. Therefore, FPCK could be used as a suitable stool examination method for surveillance and monitoring of preventive treatment for opisthorchiasis. Full article

Strongyloidiasis is traditionally regarded as a tropical disease; however, in the Valencian Community (Spain), it has historically been linked to localized endemic foci considered of declining relevance. This was a multicenter regional case series study across three hospitals including patients ≥16 years with strongyloidiasis defined by positive serology and/or parasitological confirmation diagnosed from 2015 to 2024. A total of 301 patients were included (median age 53 years (quartile 1–quartile 3, 40–72); 135 (44.9%) female). Most cases were autochthonous (176/299, 58.9%), while 123/299 (41.1%) occurred in migrants, predominantly from Latin America. Symptoms were present in 165/296 (55.7%), most frequently cutaneous (68/296, 23.0%) and gastrointestinal (62/296, 20.9%). Eosinophilia (>500 cells/µL) was observed in 144/298 (48.3%) and severe infection (hyperinfection syndrome) in 7/294 (2.4%). Annual diagnoses increased over time, with a significant temporal trend by case origin (p < 0.001), reflecting an increasing contribution of imported infections, whereas trends by sex (p = 0.068) and immune status (p = 0.926) were not significant. Stool-based methods demonstrated a low diagnostic yield (microscopy 7/157, 4.5%; culture 21/136, 15.4%; rtPCR 2/27, 7.4%). These findings document the sustained detection of cases classified as autochthonous beyond historically recognized foci and an increasing proportion of imported diagnoses in a temperate European setting. Full article

Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of infection with Strogyloides stercoralis, recently targeted for control by the World Health Organization, (WHO), is challenging. Specific coproparasitological methods (agar plate culture [APC], Baermann sedimentation), recommended by the WHO for public health use, are labor-intensive and require bulky disposable materials as well as experienced microscopists. We explored the sensitivity of an alternative stool culture method using recyclable glass beads, followed by microscopy and PCR in comparison to routine APC and PCR performed on uncultured stool. Methods: We conducted a diagnostic sensitivity study on samples from patients with positive serology for strongyloidiasis who submitted stool specimens to our laboratory between January 2023 and December 2025 for parasitological confirmation. Samples were processed by routine APC and PCR on fresh stool, as well as experimental culture on bead-based plates (BPC), PCR on APC- and BPC-cultured stool, and PCR on stool incubated directly in the collection container. Results: Twenty-six of 110 samples (23.6%) tested positive in at least one technique. Within this subset, the most sensitive techniques were the APC and PCR after APC (both 84.62%); PCR on fresh stool was the least sensitive (42.31%) (p = 0.002). The sensitivity of BPC (65.38%) was lower than that of APC, although not statistically significantly. Comparable sensitivity was observed between microscopy and PCR after APC or BPC. PCR after incubation in the container showed a sensitivity of 57.69%. Agreement ranged from 50 to 84.6%. Conclusions: Alternative culture methods with more field-friendly implementation features could be interesting alternatives to standard methods. Further studies evaluating their performance and applicability in public health and clinical contexts are warranted. Full article

Background/Objectives: The timely diagnosis of schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis is important because of their potentially severe, even lethal, consequences. European diagnostic laboratories must comply with the European In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Regulation, which requires justifying the use of in-house assays when CE-IVD-marked kits are available. We aimed to compare the performance of the Biosynex Helminths AMPLIQUICK^® RT-PCR and the multiplex in-house RT-PCR for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis currently used in our department, an Italian reference centre for tropical diseases. Methods: We conducted a performance comparison study on biobanked frozen stool samples classified as cases or controls according to PCR and/or copromicroscopy at diagnosis. Both RT-PCRs were performed on DNA re-extracted from the same stool aliquot. Sensitivity and specificity were compared using McNemar’s Chi-squared test, while agreement was assessed using Gwet’s AC1 and Cohen’s K coefficients, and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: A total of 45 S. mansoni cases with 52 controls and 29 S. stercoralis cases with 54 controls were analyzed. For both S. mansoni and S. stercoralis, sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different between RT-PCRs (p = 1). Concordance was perfect for controls (AC1 = 1) in both cohorts, but was poor for S. mansoni cases (AC1 = 0.38) and good for S. stercoralis cases (AC1 = 0.78). Conclusions: Performance was not significantly different between in-house and Biosynex RT-PCRs. Nevertheless, careful assessment of the specific molecular targets included in the panels and prospective evaluation of any newly introduced tests should be implemented to minimize the impact of clinically significant discrepancies. Full article

Strongyloidiasis is an underappreciated helminth infection that belongs to a group of neglected tropical diseases. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in humans in 16 West African countries. We searched African Journals Online, Embase, Horizon, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles assessing S. stercoralis prevalence data. The search was restricted to articles published between 1 January 1975 and 31 December 2024 without language restriction. We followed the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 21,250 articles were identified, 336 of which met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently used diagnostic tools were Kato-Katz (35.1%) and formol-ether coprological methods (23.4%). Strongyloidiasis was reported in 15 of the 16 West African countries; Mali was the only country where it was absent. The S. stercoralis regional prevalence was 4.4%, ranging from 0.2% in Burkina Faso to 18.9% in The Gambia. S. stercoralis infection prevalence decreased from 14.0% (1975–1984) to 4.1% (2015–2024). S. stercoralis prevalence showed strong heterogeneity with the highest prevalence mainly observed in countries in the Gulf of Guinea. Most of the employed diagnostic techniques were inappropriate; the reported S. stercoralis prevalence is, thus, likely an underestimation of the true situation. Our observations call for more sensitive S. stercoralis diagnostic tools and strategies for strongyloidiasis control that are tailored to the different social-ecological settings of West Africa. Full article

Molecular diagnoses of Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis in human samples are becoming increasingly common. To contribute to the ongoing standardization of molecular diagnostic approaches targeting these parasites, we compared three published E. histolytica- and S. stercoralis-specific real-time PCR assays in test comparisons without a reference standard. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to calculate diagnostic accuracy estimations for the three compared assays per parameter. The comparison was conducted using stool samples from Ghanaian individuals. In the course of the assessment of 873 stool samples, the number of detected positive PCR results ranged from 10 to 15 for S. stercoralis and from 4 to 54 for E. histolytica depending on the applied assay. Diagnostic accuracy estimates of real-time PCR sensitivity for S. stercoralis and E. histolytica ranged from 89% to 100% and from 75% to 100%, respectively; diagnostic estimates of specificity ranged from 99% to 100% and from 94% to 100%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy-adjusted prevalence estimates were 1.2% for S. stercoralis and 0.5% for E. histolytica. High cycle threshold values of real-time PCR > 35 showed a particularly reduced likeliness of reproducibility when applying competitor real-time PCR assays. There were no clear-cut differences in terms of diagnostic accuracy favoring either small-subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene sequences or the S. stercoralis dispersed repetitive sequence for S. stercoralis PCR. The same applied to the comparison of real-time PCRs targeting SSU rRNA gene sequences and the SSU rRNA episomal repeat sequence (SREPH) of E. histolytica. In conclusion, interchangeability of the compared real-time PCR assays was higher for the assessed S. stercoralis assays compared with the assessed E. histolytica assays. Regional diagnostic accuracy testing seems advisable before literature-adapted assays for rare tropical pathogens like S. stercoralis and E. histolytica are applied in different study regions. Full article

Strongyloidosis is a parasitic disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode with a complex life cycle that facilitates long-term persistence within the host. The infection affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions and poses a particular challenge in immunocompromised individuals. Although conventional treatments, such as ivermectin and albendazole, are generally effective, emerging concerns regarding drug resistance and adverse effects have prompted the search for alternative therapeutic options. In this context, natural products—including plant extracts, bioactive phytochemicals, and nanoparticle-based formulations derived from natural sources—are emerging as promising anti-Strongyloides potential. This review summarizes recent studies on natural products with anthelmintic activity against strongyloidiasis, with emphasis on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and future perspectives. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using terms related to Strongyloides, plant species, extracts, and bioactive compounds with nematocidal activity. Eligible studies included those reporting the activity of plants, plant extracts, and their purified metabolites against Strongyloides spp. Data were compiled into a comprehensive table including year of publication, author, plant species, active principle, application conditions, and target nematode species. The pharmacological treatment of this parasite varies according to its life cycle stage. Various biomolecules, phytoactive compounds, and novel plant-based formulations have demonstrated promising activity and may be considered both for treatment and for inclusion in control programs for strongyloidiasis. This review highlights medicinal plants and phytochemicals with ethnopharmacological background and experimentally validated activity against Strongyloides spp., integrating evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and experimental models, as well as clinical trials. Full article