Search Results (15)

We present a study of relic gravitational waves based on a foliated gauge field theory defined over a spacetime endowed with a noncommutative algebraic–geometric structure. As an ontological extension of general relativity—concerning manifolds, metrics, and fiber bundles—the conventional space and time coordinates, typically treated as classical numbers, are replaced by complementary quantum dual fields. Within this framework, consistent with the Bekenstein criterion and the Hawking–Hertog multiverse conception, singularities merge into a helix-like cosmic scale factor that encodes the topological transition between the contraction and expansion phases of the universe analytically continued into the complex plane. This scale factor captures the essence of an intricate topological quantum-leap transition between two phases of the branching universe: a contraction phase preceding the now-surpassed conventional concept of a primordial singularity and a subsequent expansion phase, whose transition region is characterized by a Riemannian topological foliated structure. The present linearized formulation, based on a slight gravitational field perturbation, also reveals a high sensitivity of relic gravitational wave amplitudes to the primordial matter and energy content during the universe’s phase transition. It further predicts stochastic homogeneous distributions of gravitational wave intensities arising from the interplay of short- and long-spacetime effects within the non-commutative algebraic framework. These results align with the anticipated future observations of relic gravitational waves, expected to pervade the universe as a stochastic, homogeneous background. Full article

The explanation of thermodynamics through geometric models was initiated by seminal figures such as Carnot, Gibbs, Duhem, Reeb, and Carathéodory. Only recently, however, has the symplectic foliation model, introduced within the domain of geometric statistical mechanics, provided a geometric definition of entropy as an invariant Casimir function on symplectic leaves—specifically, the coadjoint orbits of the Lie group acting on the system, where these orbits are interpreted as level sets of entropy. We present a symplectic foliation interpretation of thermodynamics, based on Jean-Marie Souriau’s Lie group thermodynamics. This model offers a Lie algebra cohomological characterization of entropy, viewed as an invariant Casimir function in the coadjoint representation. The dual space of the Lie algebra is foliated into coadjoint orbits, which are identified with the level sets of entropy. Within the framework of thermodynamics, dynamics on symplectic leaves—described by the Poisson bracket—are associated with non-dissipative phenomena. Conversely, on the transversal Riemannian foliation (defined by the level sets of energy), the dynamics, characterized by the metric flow bracket, induce entropy production as transitions occur from one symplectic leaf to another. Full article

We reformulate holographic space–time models in terms of Hilbert bundles over the space of the time-like geodesics in a Lorentzian manifold. This reformulation resolves the issue of the action of non-compact isometry groups on finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Following Jacobson, I view the background geometry as a hydrodynamic flow, whose connection to an underlying quantum system follows from the Bekenstein–Hawking relation between area and entropy, generalized to arbitrary causal diamonds. The time-like geodesics are equivalent to the nested sequences of causal diamonds, and the area of the holoscreen (The holoscreen is the maximal $d-2$ volume (“area”) leaf of a null foliation of the diamond boundary. I use the term area to refer to its volume.) encodes the entropy of a certain density matrix on a finite-dimensional Hilbert space. I review arguments that the modular Hamiltonian of a diamond is a cutoff version of the Virasoro generator $L_0$ of a $1+1$-dimensional CFT of a large central charge, living on an interval in the longitudinal coordinate on the diamond boundary. The cutoff is chosen so that the von Neumann entropy is $\ln {\mathrm{D}}_{\diamond },$ up to subleading corrections, in the limit of a large-dimension diamond Hilbert space. I also connect those arguments to the derivation of the ’t Hooft commutation relations for horizon fluctuations. I present a tentative connection between the ’t Hooft relations and $U\left(1\right)$ currents in the CFTs on the past and future diamond boundaries. The ’t Hooft relations are related to the Schwinger term in the commutator of the vector and axial currents. The paper in can be read as evidence that the near-horizon dynamics for causal diamonds much larger than the Planck scale is equivalent to a topological field theory of the ’t Hooft CR plus small fluctuations in the transverse geometry. Connes’ demonstration that the Riemannian geometry is encoded in the Dirac operator leads one to a completely finite theory of transverse geometry fluctuations, in which the variables are fermionic generators of a superalgebra, which are the expansion coefficients of the sections of the spinor bundle in Dirac eigenfunctions. A finite cutoff on the Dirac spectrum gives rise to the area law for entropy and makes the geometry both “fuzzy” and quantum. Following the analysis of Carlip and Solodukhin, I model the expansion coefficients as two-dimensional fermionic fields. I argue that the local excitations in the interior of a diamond are constrained states where the spinor variables vanish in the regions of small area on the holoscreen. This leads to an argument that the quantum gravity in asymptotically flat space must be exactly supersymmetric. Full article

Given an autonomous second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE), we define a Riemannian metric on an open subset of the first-order jet bundle. A relationship is established between the solutions of the ODE and the geodesic curves with respect to the defined metric. We introduce the notion of energy foliation for autonomous ODEs and highlight its connection to the classical energy concept. Additionally, we explore the geometry of the leaves of the foliation. Finally, the results are applied to the analysis of Lagrangian mechanical systems. In particular, we provide an autonomous Lagrangian for a damped harmonic oscillator. Full article

In this short note, we prove two properties of symplectic pairs on a four-manifold: firstly we prove that two transversal orientable foliations of codimension two, which are taut for the same Riemannian metric, are the characteristic foliations of a symplectic pair; secondly, we characterize intrinsically harmonic 2-forms of rank two as part of a symplectic pair. Full article

A weak f-contact structure, introduced in our recent works, generalizes the classical f-contact structure on a smooth manifold, and its characteristic distribution defines a totally geodesic foliation with flat leaves. We find the splitting tensor of this foliation and use it to show positive definiteness of the Jacobi operators in the characteristic directions and to obtain a topological obstruction (including the Adams number) to the existence of weak f-K-contact manifolds, and prove integral formulas for a compact weak f-contact manifold. Based on applications of the weak f-contact structure in Riemannian contact geometry considered in the article, we expect that this structure will also be fruitful in theoretical physics, e.g., in QFT. Full article

In order to generalise semi-invariant Riemannian maps, Sahin first introduced the idea of “Generic Riemannian maps”. We extend the idea of generic Riemannian maps to the case in which the total manifold is a nearly Kaehler manifold. We study the integrability conditions for the horizontal distribution although vertical distribution is always integrable. We also study the geometry of foliations of two distributions and obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for generic Riemannian maps to be totally geodesic. Additionally, we study the generic Riemannian map with umbilical fibers. Full article

In the present article, we indroduce and study h-quasi-hemi-slant (in short, h-qhs) Riemannian maps and almost h-qhs Riemannian maps from almost quaternionic Hermitian manifolds to Riemannian manifolds. We investigate some fundamental results mainly on h-qhs Riemannian maps: the integrability of distributions, geometry of foliations, the condition for such maps to be totally geodesic, etc. At the end of this article, we give two non-trivial examples of this notion. Full article

Integral formulas are powerful tools used to obtain global results in geometry and analysis. The integral formulas for almost multi-product manifolds, foliations and multiply twisted products of Riemannian, metric-affine and sub-Riemannian manifolds, to which this review paper is devoted, are useful for studying such problems as (i) the existence and characterization of foliations with a given geometric property, such as being totally geodesic, minimal or totally umbilical; (ii) prescribing the generalized mean curvatures of the leaves of a foliation; (iii) minimizing volume-like functionals defined for tensors on foliated manifolds. We start from the series of integral formulas for codimension one foliations of Riemannian and metric-affine manifolds, and then we consider integral formulas for regular and singular foliations of arbitrary codimension. In the second part of the article, we represent integral formulas with the mixed scalar curvature of an almost multi-product structure on Riemannian and metric-affine manifolds, give applications to hypersurfaces of space forms with $k=2,3$ distinct principal curvatures of constant multiplicities and then discuss integral formulas for foliations or distributions on sub-Riemannian manifolds. Full article

In this article, we prove integral formulas for a Riemannian manifold equipped with a foliation $\mathcal{F}$ and a unit vector field N orthogonal to $\mathcal{F}$, and generalize known integral formulas (due to Brito-Langevin-Rosenberg and Andrzejewski-Walczak) for foliations of codimension one. Our integral formulas involve Newton transformations of the shape operator of $\mathcal{F}$ with respect to N and the curvature tensor of the induced connection on the distribution $\mathcal{D}=T\mathcal{F}\oplus \mathrm{span}\left(N\right)$, and this decomposition of $\mathcal{D}$ can be regarded as a codimension-one foliation of a sub-Riemannian manifold. We apply our formulas to foliated (sub-)Riemannian manifolds with restrictions on the curvature and extrinsic geometry of the foliation. Full article

Considering the scale-dependent effective spacetimes implied by the functional renormalization group in d-dimensional quantum Einstein gravity, we discuss the representation of entire evolution histories by means of a single, ($d+1$)-dimensional manifold furnished with a fixed (pseudo-) Riemannian structure. This “scale-spacetime” carries a natural foliation whose leaves are the ordinary spacetimes seen at a given resolution. We propose a universal form of the higher dimensional metric and discuss its properties. We show that, under precise conditions, this metric is always Ricci flat and admits a homothetic Killing vector field; if the evolving spacetimes are maximally symmetric, their ($d+1$)-dimensional representative has a vanishing Riemann tensor even. The non-degeneracy of the higher dimensional metric that “geometrizes” a given RG trajectory is linked to a monotonicity requirement for the running of the cosmological constant, which we test in the case of asymptotic safety. Full article

We study the semi-Riemannian geometry of the foliation $\mathcal{F}$ of an indefinite locally conformal Kähler (l.c.K.) manifold M, given by the Pfaffian equation $\omega =0$, provided that $\nabla \omega =0$ and $c=\parallel \omega \parallel \ne 0$ ($\omega$ is the Lee form of M). If M is conformally flat then every leaf of $\mathcal{F}$ is shown to be a totally geodesic semi-Riemannian hypersurface in M, and a semi-Riemannian space form of sectional curvature $c/4$, carrying an indefinite c-Sasakian structure. As a corollary of the result together with a semi-Riemannian version of the de Rham decomposition theorem any geodesically complete, conformally flat, indefinite Vaisman manifold of index $2s$, $0<s<n$, is locally biholomorphically homothetic to an indefinite complex Hopf manifold $\mathbb{C}{H}_s^n\left(\lambda \right)$, $0<\lambda <1$, equipped with the indefinite Boothby metric $g_{s,n}$. Full article

A Riemannian manifold endowed with $k>2$ orthogonal complementary distributions (called here an almost multi-product structure) appears in such topics as multiply twisted or warped products and the webs or nets composed of orthogonal foliations. In this article, we define the mixed scalar curvature of an almost multi-product structure endowed with a linear connection, and represent this kind of curvature using fundamental tensors of distributions and the divergence of a geometrically interesting vector field. Using this formula, we prove decomposition and non-existence theorems and integral formulas that generalize results (for $k=2$) on almost product manifolds with the Levi-Civita connection. Some of our results are illustrated by examples with statistical and semi-symmetric connections. Full article

Relativistic localizing systems that extend relativistic positioning systems show that pseudo-Riemannian space-time geometry is somehow encompassed in a particular four-dimensional projective geometry. The resulting geometric structure is then that of a generalized Cartan space (also called Cartan connection space) with projective connection. The result is that locally non-linear actions of projective groups via homographies systematically induce the existence of a particular space-time foliation independent of any space-time dynamics or solutions of Einstein’s equations for example. In this article, we present the consequences of these projective group actions and this foliation. In particular, it is shown that the particular geometric structure due to this foliation is similar from a certain point of view to that of a black hole but not necessarily based on the existence of singularities. We also present a modified Newton’s laws invariant with respect to the homographic transformations induced by this projective geometry. Consequences on galactic dynamics are discussed and fits of galactic rotational velocity curves based on these modifications which are independent of any Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) or dark matter theories are presented. Full article