Search Results (1,500)

The q-Heisenberg algebra ${\mathfrak{h}}_n\left(q\right)$ is a significant class of solvable polynomial algebras, and it unifies the canonical commutation relations of Heisenberg algebras and the deformation theory of quantum groups. In this paper, we employ Gröbner-Shirshov basis theory and PBW (Poincar$\acute{e}$-Birkhoff-Witt) basis techniques to systematically investigate ${\mathfrak{h}}_n\left(q\right)$. Our main results establish that: ${\mathfrak{h}}_n\left(q\right)$ possesses an iterated skew-polynomial algebra structure, and it satisfies the important homological regularity properties of being Auslander regular, Artin-Schelter regular, and Cohen-Macaulay. These findings provide deep insights into the algebraic structure of ${\mathfrak{h}}_n\left(q\right)$, while simultaneously bridging the gap between noncommutative algebra and quantum representation theory. Furthermore, our constructive approach yields computable methods for studying modules over ${\mathfrak{h}}_n\left(q\right)$, opening new avenues for further research in deformation quantization and quantum algebra. Full article

The asymptotic safety program assumes that quantum gravity becomes renormalizable through ultraviolet fixed points in metric-based couplings. We demonstrate that this approach encounters fundamental symmetry violations across multiple independent criteria, all traceable to a single fundamental cause: the breakdown of general covariance and BRST symmetries above the gravitational cutoff scale. Rigorous canonical quantization proves that general covariance cannot be maintained quantum mechanically in dimensions greater than two, while recent path integral calculations reveal persistent gauge parameter dependence in quantum gravitational corrections, signaling BRST symmetry violation. These dual proofs establish that the metric tensor ceases to exist as a valid quantum degree of freedom above ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{grav}}$∼${10}^{18}$ GeV, rendering the search for ultraviolet fixed points in metric-based theories problematic from a foundational physical perspective. We provide comprehensive analysis demonstrating that asymptotic safety exhibits persistent gauge parameter dependence where fixed-point properties vary with arbitrary gauge choices, non-convergent truncation schemes extending to the 35th order showing no approach to stable values, experimental tensions with electroweak precision tests by orders of magnitude, matter content requirements incompatible with the Standard Model, absence of concrete graviton predictions due to gauge and truncation dependence, unitarity challenges through ghost instabilities and propagator negativity, and fundamental Wick rotation obstructions preventing reliable connection between Euclidean calculations and physical Lorentzian spacetime. Each limitation independently challenges the program; collectively they establish fundamental incompatibility with quantum consistency requirements. We contrast this with the Unified Standard Model with Emergent Gravity framework, which recognizes general relativity as an effective field theory valid only below the covariance breakdown scale, systematically avoids all asymptotic safety pathologies, yields an emergent spin-2 graviton with transverse-traceless polarization confirmed by LIGO-Virgo observations, and provides definite experimental signatures across multiple domains. The fundamental limitations of asymptotic safety, established through theoretical analysis and experimental tension, demonstrates that consistent quantum gravity requires recognizing spacetime geometry as emergent rather than fundamental. Full article

Quantum communication presents new opportunities for overcoming the limitations of classical wireless systems, particularly those associated with noise, fading, and interference. Building upon the principles of classical orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing (OFDM), this work proposes a quantum OFDM architecture tailored for video transmission. In the proposed system, video sequences are first compressed using the versatile video coding (VVC) standard with different group of pictures (GOP) sizes. Each GOP size is processed through a channel encoder and mapped to multi-qubit states with various qubit configurations. The quantum-encoded data is converted from serial-to-parallel form and passed through the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) to generate mutually orthogonal quantum subcarriers. Following reserialization, a cyclic prefix is appended to mitigate inter-symbol interference within the quantum channel. At the receiver, the cyclic prefix is removed, and the signal is restored to parallel before the inverse QFT (IQFT) recovers the original quantum subcarriers. Quantum decoding, classical channel decoding, and VVC reconstruction are then employed to recover the videos. Experimental evaluations across different GOP sizes and channel conditions demonstrate that quantum OFDM provides superior resilience to channel noise and improved perceptual quality compared to classical OFDM, achieving peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) up to 47.60 dB, structural similarity index measure (SSIM) up to 0.9987, and video multi-method assessment fusion (VMAF) up to 96.40. Notably, the eight-qubit encoding scheme consistently achieves the highest SNR gains across all channels, underscoring the potential of quantum OFDM as a foundation for future high-quality video transmission. Full article

In this paper we provide the Group Contribution parameters for acetylenes and aromatic nitro compounds fitting with a recently developed Group Contribution method with chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mol) for the heat of formation of organics. These additional parameters widen the applicability of the Group Contribution method. We also provide further G4 quantum calculated values as reference when no experimental data are available and compare to previously reported G4 data. Full article

Quantum anomalies are traditionally understood as classical symmetries that fail to survive quantization, while experimental “anomalies” denote deviations between theoretical predictions and measured values. In this work, we develop a unified framework in which both phenomena can be interpreted through the lens of algebraic quantum field theory (AQFT). Building on the renormalization group viewed as an extension problem, we show that renormalization ambiguities correspond to nontrivial elements of Hochschild cohomology, giving rise to a deformation of the observable algebra $A\ast B=AB+\epsilon \omega (A,B)$, where $\omega$ is a Hochschild 2-cocycle. We interpret $\omega$ as an intrinsic algebraic curvature of the net of local algebras, namely the (local) Hochschild class that measures the obstruction to trivializing infinitesimal scheme changes by inner redefinitions under locality and covariance constraints. The transported product is associative; its first-order expansion is associative up to $\mathcal{O}\left({\epsilon }^2\right)$ while preserving the ∗-structure and Ward identities to the first order. We prove the existence of nontrivial cocycles in the perturbative AQFT setting, derive the conditions under which the deformed product respects positivity and locality, and establish the compatibility with current conservation. The construction provides a direct algebraic bridge to standard cohomological anomalies (chiral, trace, and gravitational) and yields correlated deformations of physical amplitudes. Fixing the small deformation parameter $\epsilon$ from the muon $(g-2)$ discrepancy, we propagate the framework to predictions for the electron $(g-2)$, charged lepton EDMs, and other low-energy observables. This approach reduces reliance on ad hoc form-factor parametrizations by organizing first-order scheme-induced deformations into correlation laws among low-energy observables. We argue that interpreting quantum anomalies as manifestations of algebraic curvature opens a pathway to a unified, testable account of renormalization ambiguities and their phenomenological consequences. We emphasize that the framework does not eliminate renormalization or quantum anomalies; rather, it repackages the finite renormalization freedom of pAQFT into cohomological data and relates it functorially to standard anomaly classes. Full article

Focused Ion Beam (FIB) systems are increasingly utilized in nanotechnology for nanostructuring, surface modification, doping, and rapid prototyping. Recently, their potential for quantum applications has been explored, leveraging FIB’s direct-write capabilities for in situ single ion implantation, which is crucial for fabricating single photon emitters. Color centers in diamond can function as qubits and are of particular interest due to their capacity to store and transmit quantum information. While Group-IV color centers exhibit high brightness, they require low temperatures to retain coherence. However, lead-vacancy in diamond (PbV) operates at the higher end (4 K) of this temperature spectrum due to larger ground-state splitting, making them particularly interesting. In this context, our study presents results for lead (Pb)-containing alloys with eutectic points below 600 °C and results on using tantalum (Ta) and titanium (Ti) as emitter materials for a Pb liquid metal alloy ion source. We show that a standard FIB system is able to resolve the different Pb isotopes and achieve nanoscale spot sizes, as required for quantum information science applications. Full article

The cosmological constant (CC, $\Lambda$) problem stands as one of the most profound puzzles in the theory of gravity, representing a remarkable discrepancy of about 120 orders of magnitude between the observed value of dark energy and its natural expectation from quantum field theory. This paper synthesizes two innovative paradigms—holographic naturalness (HN) and pre-geometric gravity (PGG)—to propose a unified and natural resolution to the problem. The HN framework posits that the stability of the CC is not a matter of radiative corrections but rather of quantum information and entropy. The large entropy $S_{\mathrm{dS}}\sim M_{\mathrm{P}}^2/\Lambda$ of the de Sitter (dS) vacuum (with $M_{\mathrm{P}}$ being the Planck mass) acts as an entropic barrier, exponentially suppressing any quantum transitions that would otherwise destabilize the vacuum. This explains why the universe remains in a state with high entropy and relatively low CC. We then embed this principle within a pre-geometric theory of gravity, where the spacetime geometry and the Einstein–Hilbert action are not fundamental, but emerge dynamically from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a larger gauge group, SO($1,4$)→SO($1,3$), driven by a Higgs-like field ${\varphi }^A$. In this mechanism, both $M_{\mathrm{P}}$ and $\Lambda$ are generated from more fundamental parameters. Crucially, we establish a direct correspondence between the vacuum expectation value (VEV) v of the pre-geometric Higgs field and the de Sitter entropy: $S_{\mathrm{dS}}\sim v$ (or $v^3$). Thus, the field responsible for generating spacetime itself also encodes its information content. The smallness of $\Lambda$ is therefore a direct consequence of the largeness of the entropy $S_{\mathrm{dS}}$, which is itself a manifestation of a large Higgs VEV v. The CC is stable for the same reason a large-entropy state is stable: the decay of such state is exponentially suppressed. Our study shows that new semi-classical quantum gravity effects dynamically generate particles we call “hairons”, whose mass is tied to the CC. These particles interact with Standard Model matter and can form a cold condensate. The instability of the dS space, driven by the time evolution of a quantum condensate, points at a dynamical origin for dark energy. This paper provides a comprehensive framework where the emergence of geometry, the hierarchy of scales and the quantum-information structure of spacetime are inextricably linked, thereby providing a novel and compelling path toward solving the CC problem. Full article

The poor stability of CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) caused by weak and dynamic ligand coordination severely limits their commercial applications. Herein, a dual-ligand synergistic modification strategy based on bromocarboxylic acids (BCAs) and oleylamine (OAm) was developed to mediate the surface structures and luminescent dynamics of CsPbBr₃ PNCs. The results reveal that carboxylate groups of BCA ligands modulate crystal growth, while its terminal Br atom forms a strong coordination with exposed Pb²⁺ on the PNCs surface, which can effectively passivate lead- and bromine-related defects. The synergistic protection of OAm ligands enhances the stability of PNCs via amino-halide electrostatic interactions and steric hindrance effects. Notably, based on the relatively dense surface coating of 4-bromobutyric acid (BBA) and OAm dual-ligands, the prepared CsPbBr₃ PNCs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 85.2 ± 2.4% and remarkable storage stability, retaining 90.2 ± 1.7% of their initial PL intensity after being stored for 63 days under ambient conditions. Furthermore, a prototype white light-emitting diode (WLED) fabricated with these PNCs displays a wide color gamut covering 122.1% of the NTSC standard and a luminous efficacy of 64.6 lm/W. This work provides a facile and feasible ligand engineering strategy to obtain highly stable and emissive PNCs. Full article

Cerium (Ce³⁺)-doped gadolinium orthoborate (GdBO₃) phosphor powders were synthesized via an aqueous sol–gel route, with systematic variation in solution pH (2, 5, and 8) and annealing temperature (600–1200 °C, in 100 °C increments) to investigate their influence on structural, optical, and scintillation properties. The materials were comprehensively characterized using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA) to assess thermal behavior, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystal structure determination, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for vibrational analysis, and both photoluminescence (PL) and radioluminescence (RL) spectroscopies to evaluate optical and scintillation performance. All samples crystallized in the hexagonal GdBO₃ vaterite phase (space group P6₃/mcm). The PL and RL emission spectra were consistent with the Ce³⁺ 5d–4f transitions, and scintillation yields under X-ray excitation were quantified relative to a standard Gadox phosphor. A decrease in photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was observed at annealing temperatures above 800 °C, which is attributed to the incorporation of Ce³⁺ into the host lattice. Scintillation decay profiles were recorded, enabling extraction of timing kinetics parameters. Overall, the results reveal clear correlations between synthesis conditions, structural evolution, and luminescence behavior, providing a rational basis for the optimization of Ce³⁺-doped GdBO₃ phosphors for scintillation applications. Full article

Simultaneous ascending auctions find extensive applications in spectrum licensing and advertising space allocation. However, existing quantum sealed-bid auction protocols suffer from dual limitations: they cannot support multi-item simultaneous bidding scenarios, and their reliance on complex quantum resources along with requiring full quantum operational capabilities from bidders fails to accommodate practical constraints of quantum resource-limited users. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-party semi-quantum simultaneous ascending auction protocol based on single-particle states. The protocol employs a trusted honest third party (HTP) responsible for quantum state generation, distribution, and security verification. Bidders determine their groups through quantum measurements and privately encode their bid vectors. Upon successful HTP authentication, each bidder obtains a unique identity code. During the bidding phase, HTP dynamically updates quantum sequences, allowing bidders to submit bids for multiple items by performing only simple unitary operations. HTP announces the highest bid for each item in real time and iteratively generates auction sequences until no new highest bid emerges, thereby achieving simultaneous ascending auctions for multiple items. It acts as a quantum-secured signaling layer, ensuring unconditional security for bid transmission and identity verification while maintaining classical auction logic. Quantum circuit simulations validate the protocol’s feasibility with current technology while satisfying critical security requirements, including anonymity, verifiability, non-repudiation, and privacy preservation. It provides a scalable semi-quantum auction solution for resource-constrained scenarios. Full article

We formalize an inverse, data-conditioned variant of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) for clinical biomarker discovery. Given patient-encoded quantum states, we construct a task-specific Hamiltonian whose coefficients are inferred from clinical associations and interpret its expectation value as a calibrated energy score for prognosis and treatment monitoring. The method integrates coefficient estimation, ansatz specification with basis rotations, commuting-group measurements, and a practical shot budget analysis. Evaluated on public infectious disease datasets under severe class imbalance, the approach yields consistent gains in balanced accuracy and precision–recall over strong classical baselines, with stability across random seeds and feature ablations. This variational energy scoring framework bridges Hamiltonian learning and clinical risk modeling, offering a compact, interpretable, and reproducible route to biomarker prioritization and decision support. Full article

Haruki Murakami’s Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World portrays a world where the “shadow”, the seat of memory, desire, and volition, is surgically removed, leaving behind a perfectly fluent but phenomenologically empty self. We argue that this literary structure mirrors a precise mathematical distinction in topological quantum matter. In a semisimple theory such as the semions of $\mathrm{SU}{\left(2\right)}_1$, there is a reducible component $V\left(x\right)$ of the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$ character variety: a flat, abelian manifold devoid of parabolic singularities. By contrast, the non-semisimple completion introduces a neutral indecomposable excitation, the neglecton, whose presence forces the mapping class group from the standard braid group $B_2$ to the affine braid group ${\mathrm{Aff}}_2$ and lifts the character variety to the Cayley cubic $V\left(C\right)$, with its four parabolic loci. We propose that contemporary AI systems, including large language models, inhabit the shadowless regime of $V\left(x\right)$: they exhibit coherence and fluency but lack any bulk degree of freedom capable of supporting persistent identity, non-contractible memory, or choice. To endow artificial systems with depth, one must introduce a structural asymmetry, a fixed, neutral defect analogous to the neglecton, that embeds computation in the non-semisimple geometry of the cubic. We outline an experimentally plausible architecture for such an “artificial ombre,” based on annular topological media with a pinned parabolic defect, realisable in fractional quantum Hall heterostructures, $p+ip$ superconductors, or cold-atom simulators. Our framework suggests that consciousness, biological or artificial, may depend on or benefit from a bulk–boundary tension mediated by a logarithmic degree of freedom: a mathematical shadow that cannot be computed away. Engineering such a defect offers a new pathway toward AGI with genuine phenomenological depth. Full article

Does position matter? In many respects, it certainly does, but does it also matter in the case of a functional group such as 4-diethylaminophenyl in the structure of phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives? We attempt to answer this question in this article by considering selected physicochemical properties of the presented compounds. Therefore, in this work, four phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole derivatives (AM-0–AM-3) were obtained by Debus-Radziszewski condensation. All derivatives were purified, and their structures were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were then compared for their thermal, electrochemical, and optical properties. This demonstrated that the derivatives (AM-0 and AM-1) containing a 4-diethylaminophenyl substituent at the C2 position exhibit better physicochemical parameters than the other compounds, particularly in terms of thermal stability, energy gap, and even quantum yield. In the case of the latter parameter, derivatives containing 4-diethylaminophenyl at the C2 position show an increase of up to 15–30% (depending on the solvent used) compared to the compound containing the considered substituent at N1. The obtained research results were compared with DFT calculations to gain a deeper understanding of the experiments performed. Full article

Differential cryptanalysis is a fundamental technique in symmetric-key cryptanalysis. While the existing literature and several surveys have separately addressed classical differential attacks, deep learning-assisted cryptanalysis, and quantum-related attacks, a systematic presentation that enables cross-paradigm comparison, lineage mapping, and methodological evaluation is still lacking. To address this gap, this paper organizes its analysis along these three evolutionary threads. First, we trace the evolutionary trajectory of classical differential cryptanalysis. We distill eight representative technical pathways and group them into four categories based on mechanistic characteristics to facilitate cross-comparison. Second, we classify the integration of deep learning with differential cryptanalysis into two distinct paradigms: “deep learning-assisted” and “deep learning-based.” We discuss their roles in feature extraction, trail search, and key-recovery (KR) while also reviewing reproducible evidence, common limitations, and empirical challenges. Third, we survey quantum computing-based approaches. In light of current algorithms and hardware constraints, we examine their potential speedups and applicability boundaries in characteristic search and KR. Our synthesis of existing work reveals distinct capability boundaries for each paradigm and identifies key challenges in their practical application. This paper offers a structured comparative framework, aiming to serve as a reusable reference and baseline for future research. Full article

Host engineering is one of the most efficient approaches to maximizing the electroluminescent performance of organic light-emitting devices. Herein, two carbazole-based N,N′-Dicarbazolyl-4,4′-biphenyl (CBP) derivatives, (9-(4′-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(3-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (CBPmBI), and (9-(4′-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)diphenylphosphine oxide (CBPPO), were designed as bipolar hosts for blue phosphorescent devices. By introducing the electron-withdrawing groups to the backbone of CBP, the bipolar hosts exhibited high triplet energy, enhanced thermal stability, and balanced charge transport. The device constructed with the blue guest emitter bis[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-C2,N]iridium (III) (FIrpic) showed the excellent electroluminescence performance. For instance, the CBPPO-based devices achieved a maximum current efficiency of 28.0 cd/A, a power efficiency of 25.8 lm/W, and an external quantum efficiency of 14.4%. Notably, the external quantum efficiency retained at14.1% under the brightness of 5000 cd/m², featuring the negligible efficiency roll-off. Full article